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汞的环境生物无机化学 被引量:4
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作者 杨国营 《河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2002年第3期289-291,共3页
回顾了汞单质及其化合物的毒性表现 ,总结了汞在水圈、大气圈、岩石圈和生物圈中的循环途径及通过食物链进入人体的方式 ,并概述了汞的中毒机理、中毒症状及解毒途径 .
关键词 环境生物无机化学 毒性 中毒机理 解毒途径 中毒症状 循环途径 解毒功能
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All-trans-retinoic acid generation is an antidotal clearance pathway for all-trans-retinal in the retina
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作者 Qing-qing XIA Ling-min ZHANG +2 位作者 Ying-ying ZHOU Ya-lin WU Jie LI 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第12期960-971,共12页
The present study was designed to analyze the metabolites of all-trans-retinal(atRal) and compare the cytotoxicity of atRal versus its derivative all-trans-retinoic acid(atRA) in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) ... The present study was designed to analyze the metabolites of all-trans-retinal(atRal) and compare the cytotoxicity of atRal versus its derivative all-trans-retinoic acid(atRA) in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells. We confirmed that atRA was produced in normal pig neural retina and RPE. The amount of all-trans-retinol(atROL) converted from atRal was about 2.7 times that of atRal-derived atRA after incubating RPE cells with 10 μmol/L atRal for 24 h, whereas atRA in medium supernatant is more plentiful(91 vs. 29 pmol/mL), suggesting that atRA conversion ? facilitates elimination of excess atRal in the retina. Moreover, we found that mRNA expression of retinoic acid-specific hydroxylase CYP26 b1 was dose-dependently up-regulated by atRal exposure in RPE cells, indicating that atRA inactivation may be also initiated in atRal-accumulated RPE cells. Our data show that atRA-caused viability inhibition was evidently reduced compared with the equal concentration of its precursor atRal. Excess accumulation of atRal provoked intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) overproduction, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression, and increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) expression in RPE cells. In contrast, comparable dosage of atRA-induced oxidative stress was much weaker, and it could not activate apoptosis in RPE cells. These results suggest that atRA generation is an antidotal metabolism pathway for atRal in the retina. Moreover, we found that in the eyes of ABCA4-/-RDH8-/-mice, a mouse model with atRal accumulation in the retina, the atRA content was almost the same as that in the wild type. It is possible that atRal accumulation simultaneously and equally promotes atRA synthesis and clearance in eyes of ABCA4-/-RDH8-/-mice, thus inhibiting the further increase of atRA in the retina. Our present study provides further insights into atRal clearance in the retina. 展开更多
关键词 All-trans-retinal All-trans-retinoic acid Antidotal pathway Human retinal pigment epithelial cell Oxidative stress
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