探讨解热镇痛药在临床上的合理应用方式及效果

目的 :探讨解热镇痛药在临床上的合理应用方式及效果。方法 :选取我院2013年2月至2014年5月期间收治的90例风湿患者、发热患者和偏头痛患者作为研究对象。随机将其分为A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组,每组各15例患者。为A组患者使用阿司匹林进行治疗,为B组患者使用水杨酸钠进行治疗,为C组患者使用对乙酰氨基酚进行治疗,为D组患者使用安乃近进行治疗,为E组患者使用消炎痛进行治疗,为F组患者使用中药柴胡和细辛进行治疗,然后观察六组患者治疗的效果。结果 :在解热镇痛类药物中,解热效果最好的药物是安乃近;抗风湿效果最佳的药物是水杨酸钠;镇痛效果最好的药物是阿司匹林。结论 :临床医师在使用解热镇痛药治疗疾病时,需要根据患者的实际情况灵活用药,避免患者出现不良反应,让药物发挥最佳的治疗效果。

鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的解热试验

建立酵母致大鼠发热模型来研究鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的解热效果和解热机理。将SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别为鱼腥草芩蓝口服液高、中、低剂量组,药物对照组,阳性对照组和阴性对照组。大鼠皮下注射酵母建立发热模型,通过灌服鱼腥草芩蓝口服液,观察大鼠体温变化,研究该制剂的解热效果,通过测定大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、cAMP、PGE2的变化,探讨鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的解热机理。结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,中、高剂量的鱼腥草芩蓝口服液可使酵母发热模型大鼠体温降低至正常水平,并且可使大鼠清中IL-1β、TNF-α、cAMP、PGE2降低至正常水平。说明鱼腥草芩蓝口服液具有良好的解热效果,其解热机理可能与体内cAMP、IL-1β、PGE2和TNF-α的合成和释放量的减少有关。

柴翘解热汤解热作用及其机制研究

目的探讨柴翘解热汤对发热模型大鼠的解热作用。方法将60只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组,10只)和造模组(50只),A组大鼠背部皮下注射无菌0. 9%氯化钠溶液(10 m L/kg);造模组大鼠背部皮下注射15%干酵母混悬液(10 m L/kg),建模成功后均分为5组,分别灌胃给予相应药物,模型组(B组)予0. 9%氯化钠溶液10 m L/kg,阳性药组(D组)予阿司匹林肠溶片25 mg/kg,柴翘解热汤低、中、高剂量组(C1,C2,C3组)分别予柴翘解热汤提取物250,500,1 000 mg/kg。给药1 h后测量体温,同时再次给药,剂量同前。首次给药2,3,4 h后各测量体温1次,记录体温的变化。取大鼠血液、全脑组织,分别检测白细胞介素1(IL-1)、环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平。结果柴翘解热汤可显著降低发热模型大鼠体温,且呈剂量依赖性;大鼠脑组织及血液中上述3个指标含量均显著降低。结论柴翘解热汤对发热模型大鼠具有良好的解热作用,且呈剂量依赖性;其作用机制与调节IL-1,cAMP,PGE2的合成与分泌有关。

临床解热镇痛药的合理应用

目的:探讨在临床解热镇痛的时候根据不同情况使用不同解热镇痛药的效果。方法:将于2010年8月～2011年8月入住我院的72例有发热、疼痛、风湿的患者按照随机的原则分成A、B、C、D、E、F共6组,分别让他们服用安乃近、扑热息痛、消炎痛、阿司匹林、水杨酸钠、中草药,研究不同组解热、抗风湿以及镇痛效果。结果:解热效果最强的分别是安乃近、扑热息痛、阿司匹林,其中扑热息痛以及阿司匹林两组之间P>0.05,不存在统计显著性差异,而在控制癌性引起的发热的情况下,解热效果最好的是消炎痛。抗风湿最好的依次是水杨酸钠、阿司匹林,并且两组之间P>0.05,不存在统计显著性差异。镇痛效果最好的是阿司匹林,最差的是消炎痛,而中草药各种效果均为最差,但是其副作用最小。结论:要根据患者不同的发热、疼痛、风湿情况使用不同的解热镇痛药,才能达到良好的解热、抗风湿以及镇痛效果。

应用对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬或二者交替使用对发热幼儿行解热治疗的一项随机双盲试验

Objective:To compare the antipyretic benefit of acetaminophen or ibuprofen mo notherapy with an alternating regimen of both drugs in young children aged 6 to 36 months.Design:Randomized,double-blind,parallel-group trial.Setting:Th ree primary pediatric community ambulatory centers in central Israel.Participan ts:A total of 464 children aged 6 to 36 months with fever.Intervention:Infant s were assigned to receive either acetaminophen(12.5 mg/kg per dose every 6 hou rs)(n=154)or ibuprofen(5 mg/kg per dose every 8 hours)(n=155)or to receive alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen(every 4 hours)(n=155)for 3 days after a loading dose.Main Outcome Measures:Temperature,stress score,amount of ant ipyretic received,total days that the infant or caregiver was absent from day c are or work,respectively,at the 3-day time point,recurrence of fever,and nu mber of emergency department visits.Results:The group given the alternating re gimen was characterized by a lower mean temperature,more rapid reduction of fev er,receiving less antipyretic medication,less stress,and less absenteeism fro m day care as compared with the other groups;all of the differences were statis tically significant(P < 0.001).None of the regimens were associated with a sig nificantly higher number of emergency department visits(P=.65)or serious long-term complications(P=.66).The drug used for initial loading had no effect on outcome in any of the groups.Conclusions:An alternating treatment regimen of acetaminophen(12.5 mg/kg per dose)and ibuprofen(5 mg/kg per dose)every 4 hou rs for 3 days,regardless of the initial loading medication,is more effective t han monotherapy in lowering fever in infants and children.

Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Response to Skin Tissue during Laser Lipolysis

Laser lipolysis can effectively treat obesity and its associated diseases, such as hypertension, fatty liver, and hyperlipidemia. However, currently available invasive laser lipolysis, which transmits laser to a fiber-optic catheter inserted into the subcutaneous tissue for irradiation through an incision, may cause hematomas, infections, and empyrosis. The current study presents a novel, noninvasive approach for laser lipolysis, which directly irradiates the intact skin surface without an incision and preferentially targets adipose tissue at the near-infrared band. High laser energy is necessary to damage adipocytes; however, this may carbonate and burn the dermis. Therefore, the introduction of skin cooling is essential to avoid unwanted hyperthermal injury and improve the threshold of radiant exposure. In the current study, we investigated a novel noninvasive approach assisted with skin cooling by establishing a homogeneous multi-layer skin model. In this method, light propagation in the skin was simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Skin cooling was employed before laser irradiation to protect the epidermis from thermal damage, which was treated as a boundary condition based on Newton's law. The numerical results showed that the photons were deposited in the adipose layer more than in the other layers. Laser can effectively destroy adipose tissue at an energy density of >200 J/cm^2 at 1210 nm wavelength, whereas at least 300 J/cm^2 is required at 1064 nm to achieve the same effect. In this experiment, at >5 s pulse width, the selectivity of adipose was not obvious. Moreover, the results indicated that 60 ms R134a or R404a spray can effectively reduce the temperature of the epidermis. R404a exhibited a stronger cooling effect than R134a. Cold air cooling at -10 °C for 10 s could effectively decrease the skin temperature, and deeper cooling could be achieved by cold air cooling compared with cryogen spray cooling.