微波解离氯分子及其解离率的研究

通过微波解离 Cl2 与 Ar的混合气来获得 Cl原子 ,并对 Cl2 解离率进行了测量。反应池内压力在 2 0 0～ 2 53Pa范围变化时 ,可得到较多的 Cl原子。当压力为 2 56Pa时 ,Cl2 的解离率可达 8%以上。但随着反应池内压力的增加 ,Cl2 解离率反而下降 ,这可能是 Cl原子发生复合的几率增大所致。

e-h pair解离率对有机磁电导效应的调控

制备了一系列不同浓度的PCBM掺杂型聚合物发光二极管,结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SY-PPV:PCBM(x wt%)/Ca/Al,并在室温下测量了器件的电流随外加磁场的变化(即磁电导效应)曲线,以研究电子-空穴对(e-h pair)解离率对有机磁电导效应的调控作用.实验发现:未掺杂PCBM的器件,其磁电导曲线表现为随磁场的增加先迅速增大,而后趋于饱和;而3wt%PCBM掺杂器件,其磁电导随磁场的增加先快速小幅增加,而后缓慢增大并且不趋于饱和;另外,两种器件的磁电导曲线的半峰宽明显不同(即趋于饱和的快慢明显不同),且3 wt%PCBM掺杂器件的磁效应值远小于未掺杂器件的磁效应值.分析了不同掺杂浓度器件中电子-空穴对解离率的变化规律,并用非洛伦兹经验公式对上述曲线进行拟合,认为PCBM掺杂器件的e-h pair解离率增大而导致这些e-h pair的寿命变短,寿命变短后的e-h pair来不及发生自旋混合进而使得磁电导曲线表现出慢饱和趋势.

影响含铝佐剂疫苗吸附率和解离率的因素分析

吸附率和解离率作为含铝佐剂疫苗重要的体外质量评价指标,是降低临床试验风险的重要保证。随着含铝佐剂疫苗评价手段的不断升级和工艺研究的日益深化,行业也对可为相关产品提供系统解析和深入分析的参考资料提出了更高层次的需求。该文基于项目实践经验,重点从佐剂特性、抗原特点和工艺特征方面论述分析,辅以评价方法设计的改善建议,系统总结了原辅料、铝佐剂、制剂工艺、检测方法等影响含铝佐剂疫苗吸附率和解离率的因素,旨在为制剂产品的开发提供参考和借鉴。

二个强飞秒延时激光脉冲对Na_2^+光解离的控制

本文报告Ｎａ＋２离子的最低四个Σ态（１２Σｇ、１２Σｕ、２２Σｇ、２２Σｕ）在二个光脉冲作用下的解离动量谱和解离率的定量计算结果．激光波长为６８０ｎｍ，各脉冲功率１×１０１２Ｗ／ｃｍ２，脉宽５０ｆｓ，第二个脉冲的延时取０、５０、１００、…３５０ｆｓ．计算结果用三维图表出．在这些图中看到，沿相对动量坐标有单光子、双光子、三光子激发的对应的解离峰及峰值随延时的显著变化情况．各通道的解离率和总解离率列出在表中．

二个强飞秒延时激光脉冲的相对相位对Na_2^+光解离的影响

报道了 Na+ 2 离子的三个低激发态 1Σu、2Σg、2Σu 在二个光脉冲作用下的解离动量谱 ,激光波长为 680 nm,各脉冲功率为 1× 1 0 12 W/ cm2 ,脉宽 50 fs,从研究结果可见 ,其单光子、双光子、三光子激发的对应的解离峰及峰值随相对相位而变 。

矿物尺寸对微波照射辅助解离效果影响研究

采用有限元—离散元耦合方法,对黄铁矿和方解石组成的单颗粒矿物进行微波照射数值模拟。在提出解离率的基础上,研究黄铁矿尺寸对微波照射效果的影响。分析了矿物内电场、温度、裂纹及解离率的演化分布的情况。研究结果表明,相同微波功率照射下,黄铁矿尺寸越大,矿石模型内部电场强度越小,产生的温度也越高;相同照射时刻,矿物内裂纹数目均随着矿物尺寸的增大而增多;单颗粒矿物的解离率随微波照射时间的增加而增加,本模型中,黄铁矿半径为1 mm的矿物解离率最小,另外三种半径矿物的解离率均在50%左右,且最佳照射时间分别为3.0、4.0、4.0 s。

西部乳源乳酸菌胆盐解离能力筛选及其性能评价

目的:探究青海、甘肃、新疆、西藏和内蒙古等5个西部牧区的传统发酵乳品中乳酸菌的胆盐解离能力,为筛选高胆盐解离能力的优良菌株提供理论依据。方法:利用高效液相色谱技术,分析分离自西部传统发酵乳品中的275株乳酸菌的胆盐解离能力,筛选出性能优良菌株,测定其产γ-氨基丁酸能力。结果:①筛选出具有胆盐解离能力的菌株83株,不同来源、种类的阳性株筛出率存在差异,其中西藏奶渣呈较高的阳性株筛分率,其中副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和短乳杆菌表现最优。②阳性株对6种结合态胆盐解离能力存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中对甘氨酸结合态胆盐的解离能力高于牛磺酸结合态胆盐。③区域间比较显示:不同地区阳性株对4项胆盐解离指标存在显著性差异,其中来源于新疆和西藏的阳性株胆盐解离能力显著高于青海和内蒙古的阳性株(P<0.05);④乳种间比较显示:不同乳种阳性株对3项胆盐解离指标存在显著性差异,其中来源于奶渣中的阳性株对总胆盐解离能力显著高于酸马奶、酸牦牛奶中的阳性株(P<0.05);⑤优良菌株间比较显示:不同菌种对5项胆盐解离指标存在显著性差异,短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌对总胆盐的解离能力显著高于副干酪乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌(P<0.05)。⑥4种优良菌株产γ-氨基丁酸能力分析:短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌有较高产γ-氨基丁酸能力,而副干酪乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌不产γ-氨基丁酸。结论:胆盐解离能力因菌株来源和种类不同而存在差异,以新疆酸马奶、酸驼奶和西藏奶渣中的阳性株胆盐解离能力表现最优,其中短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌显示较强的胆盐解离能力,并具有高产γ-氨基丁酸能力。

强红外激光场解离含氧有机物中C—O—C键机理的研究

本文用TEA CO_(2)激光器研究了1,2-环氧丙烷(PO)、四氢呋喃(THF)和烯丙基醚(DAE)等含C—C—C键有机物的多光子解离过程;给出了PO和THF的解离率与激光能量的关系;较详细地探讨了C—O—C键的断裂机理。实验发现,这些分子解离时的初始步骤都是断裂较弱的C—O键,解离阈值约为0.8J/cm^(2)。

Coverage Dependent Dissociative Adsorption of HCl on Au(111)

Dissociative adsorption of HCl on Au(111)has become one of unsolved puzzles in surface chemistry.Despite tremendous efforts in the past years,varioustheoretical models still greatly overestimate the zero-coverage initial sticking probabilities(So).To find the origin of the large experiment-theory discrepancy,we have revisited the dissociative adsorption of HCl on Au(111)with a newly designed molecular beam-surface apparatus.The zero-coverage So derived from Cl-coverage measurements with varying HCl doses agree well with previous ones.However,we notice a sharp change of the coverage/dose slope with the HCl dosage at the low coverage regime,which may result in some uncertainties to the fitted So value.This seems consistent with a coverage-dependence of the dissociation barrier predicted by density functional theory at low Cl-coverages.Our results reveal the potential inconsistency of utilizing simulations with finite coverage to compare against experimental data with zero coverage in this system,and provide guidance for improving both experiment and theory in this regard.

Overlapped peaks resolution for linear sweep polarography using Gaussian-like distribution

A resolution method based on Gaussian-like distribution for overlapped linear sweep polarographic peaks was proposed to simultaneously detect the polymetallic components, such as Zn（Ⅱ） and Co（Ⅱ）, coexisting in the leaching solution of zinc hydrometallurgy. A Gaussian-like distribution was constructed as the sub-model of overlapped peaks by analyzing the characteristics of linear sweep polarographic curve. Then, the abscissas of each peak and trough were pinpointed through multi-resolution wavelet decomposition, the curve and its derivative curves were fitted by using nonlinear weighted least squares （NWLS）. Finally, overlapped peaks were resolved into independent sub-peaks based on fitted reconstruction parameters. The experimental results show that the relative error of half-wave potential pinpointed by multi-resolution wavelet decomposition is less than 1% and the accuracy of Ip fitted by NWLS is higher than 96%. The proposed resolution method is effective for overlapped linear sweep polarographic peaks of Zn（Ⅱ） and Co（Ⅱ）.

Effect of linear carboxylic ester on low temperature performance of LiMn_2O_4-graphite cells

To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.

Optimization of Drying Process for Plasma Protein from Tibetan Sheep

Fresh blood of Tibetan sheep was subjected to protein separation and spray drying, and the effects of drying process on water content, yield and nitrogen soluble index of plasma powder from blood of Tibetan sheep were investigated. The results showed that the optimum separation parameters were a centrifugal speed at 6 000 r/min, centrifugal time of 20 min, a mass fraction of dry matter of 20%, an inlet air temperature at 180 ℃ and a feed rate at 400 ml/h, under which the plasma protein was a pale yellow powdery solid, indicating a good separation effect.

Oxygen ionic conductivity of a composite electrolyte SDC-LSGM prepared via glycine-nitrate process

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-δ-La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ（SDC-LSGM）is prepared by the glycine-nitrate process（GNP）.SDC-LSGM composite electrolyte samples with different weight ratios are prepared by the co-combustion method so as to obtain homogeneous nano-sized precursor powders. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and the scan electron microscope （SEM） are used to investigate the phases and microstructures. The measurements and analyses of oxygen ionic conductivity of SDC-LSGM are carried out through the four-terminal direct current （DC） method and the electrochemical impendence spectroscopy, respectively. The optimum weight ratio of SDC-LSGM is 8∶2, of which the ionic conductivity is 0.113 S/cm at 800℃ and the conductivity activation energy is 0.620 eV. The impendence spectra shows that the grain boundary resistance becomes the main barrier for the ionic conductivity of electrolyte at lower temperatures. The appropriate introduction of LSGM to the electrolyte SDC can not only decrease the electronic conductivity but also improve the conditions of the grain and grain boundary, which is advantageous to cause an increase in oxygen ionic conductivity.

Ion-Pair Photodissociation of Trichloromonofluoromethane

fragments, F- and Cl- including two isotope species 35Cl- and 37Cl-, are observed in the photoexcitations of CFC13. The ion-pair anion efficiency spectra of 35Cl- and 37Cl- are recorded in the photon energy range of 7.75-22.00 eV. The threshold of ion-pair dissociation CFCl3-CFC12＋＋Cl- is experimentally determined to be 7.944-0.04 eV. With the references of the high-resolution photoabsorption spectra reported in the literatures, we make tentative assignments of the electron valence-to-Rydberg transitions. Furthermore, the multibody ion-pair fragmentation processes to Cl- are discussed by comparison between the calculated thermochemical thresholds and the experimental efficiency spectrum.

Degradation of aniline by Fe^(2+)-activated persulfate oxidation at ambient temperature

The aniline degradation by persulfate activated with ferrous ion (Fe2+ ) was investigated in batch reactor at ambient temperature. The experimental factors in aqueous solutions including persulfate concentration, Fe2+ concentration, pH and ionic strength level were discussed. It is demonstrated that, aniline degradation rate increases with increasing persulfate concentration, but much more ferrous ion inhibits the aniline degradation. When the aniline concentration is 0.10 mmol/L, the maximum aniline degradation occurs at the S2O82- to Fe2+ molar ratio of 250/5 at pH 7.0. In the pH range of 5.0-8.5, increasing pH causes higher aniline degradation. What's more, the increase of ionic strength in solution causes inhibiting in the reaction. Produced intermediates during the oxidation process were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology. And degradation pathways of aniline were also tentatively proposed.

Empirical decay relationship between ionic conductivity and porosity of garnet type inorganic solid-state electrolytes

Ionic conductivity is one of the crucial parameters for inorganic solid-state electrolytes.To explore the relationship between porosity and ionic conductivity,a series of Li_(6.4)Ga_(0.2)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12) garnet type solid-state electrolytes with different porosities were prepared via solid-state reaction.Based on the quantified data,an empirical decay relationship was summarized and discussed by means of mathematical model and dimensional analysis method.It suggests that open porosity causes ionic conductivity to decrease exponentially.The pre-exponential factor obeys the Arrhenius Law quite well with the activation energy of 0.23 eV,and the decay constant is averaged to be 2.62%.While the closed porosity causes ionic conductivity to decrease linearly.The slope and intercept of this linear pattern also obey the Arrhenius Law and the activation energies are 0.24 and 0.27 eV,respectively.Moreover,the total porosity is linearly dependent on the open porosity,and different sintering conditions will lead to different linear patterns with different slopes and intercepts.

A Velocity Map Ion-imaging Study on Ketene Photodissociation at 218 nm

Photodissociation dynamics of ketene at 218 nm has been investigated using the velocity map ion-imaging method. Both angular and translational energy distributions for the CO products at different rotational and vibrational states have been obtained. The 2＋1 REMPI spectrum of CO products is also obtained. The results are as bellow： （i） CO products in the first two vibrational states （ v＂=0 and v＂=1 ） exhibit significant rotational excitation. Furthermore the rotational excitation of CO at the v＂=0 level is noticeably higher than that at the v＂=1 level. （ii） It was found that the major photodissociation pathway of ketene at 218 nm is the CH2（ǎ^1A1）＋CO（X^1∑^＋） channel, while the CH2（b^1B1）＋CO（X^1∑^＋） channel and the CH2（X^3B1）＋CO（X^1E^＋） channel are also likely present, （iii） The anisotropy parameters β of CO different rovibronic states all appear to be larger than zero. No significant difference is observed at the two vibrational states,

Photovoltaic Performance of Triphenylamine Dyes-sensitized Solar Cells Employing Cobalt Redox Shuttle and Influence of π-conjugated Spacers

Developing photosensitizers suitable for the cobalt electrolyte and understanding the structure-property relationship of organic dyes is warranted for the dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. The DSSCs incorporating tris（1,10-phenanthroline）eobalt（Ⅱ/Ⅲ）-based redox elec- trolyte and four synthesized organic dyes as photosensitizers are described. The photovoltaic performance of these dyes-sensitized solar cells employing the cobalt redox shuttle and the influences of the w-conjugated spacers of organic dyes upon the photovoltage and photocur- rent of mesoscopic titania solar cells are investigated. It is found that organic dyes with thiophene derivates as linkers are suitable for DSSCs employing cobalt electrolytes. DSSCs sensitized with the as-synthesized dyes in combination with the cobalt redox shuttle yield an overall power conversion efficiency of 6.1% under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 G illumination.

Properties of Al_2O_3-Sm_2O_3-CeO_2 electrolyte

Cel-xSmxO2 （x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3） and Sm-doped ceria＋（2%-8%）Al2O3 were synthesized through sol-gel process followed by low temperature combustion. The synthesis, structure, densification, conductivity and thermal expansion were studied, and the structure and phase were confirmed by XRD. Dense ceramics were obtained through sintering the pellets at 1300 ℃. 2% and 4% Al2O3 were added into Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 to promote the densification at 1250 ℃. The surface morphology of the sintered pellets was analyzed using SEM. A two-probe AC impedance spectroscopy was used to study the total ionic conductivity.

Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Ti＋（CO2）2Ar and Ti＋（CO2）n （n=3-7） Complexes

Ti＋（CO2）2Ar and Ti＋（CO2）n （n=3-7） complexes are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed supersonic expansion. The ion complexes of interest are each mass-selected in a time- of-flight spectrometer, and studied with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. For each complex, a sharp band in the CO stretching frequency region is observed, which confirms the formation of the OTi＋CO（CO2）~_l oxide-carbonyl species. Small OTi＋CO（CO2）~_1 complexes （n_〈5） exhibit CO stretching and antisymmetric CO2 stretching vibrational bands that are blue-shifted from those of free CO and CO2. The experimental observations indicate that the coordination number of CO and CO2 molecules around TiO＋ is five. Evidence is also observed for the presence of another electrostatic bonding Ti＋（CO2）2 structural isomer for the Ti＋（CO2）2Ar complex, which is characterized to have a bent OCO-Ti＋-OCO structure stabilized by argon coordination.