解观与元修三史的正统之争

解缙为其叔祖解观撰作《伯中公传》记述生平,其中提到解观于元顺帝至正年间受召参与辽、金、宋三史的纂修工作,因上书言当尊宋正统,“大忤群公”而归,并全文转录了他的这篇《正统辩》。此文饶宗颐编著《中国史学上之正统论》失收,学界鲜有人知,其实它对于研究元修三史的正统之争问题有着独特的学术价值。通过考察《伯中公传》的记载,并结合传世《解氏族谱》与其他相关资料,可全面了解解观其人及其正统观思想。解观《正统辩》及其上书事件为了解元末修三史过程中史馆内部的正统争议情况提供了一个鲜活的案例,且有助于观察元人对三史正统问题所持立场之分野,乃至对明初朝廷官方的正统论调产生潜在影响。

识解观参照下的文化遗产旅游景区公示语英译探析

该文以芙蓉楼和洪江古商城的解说牌为例,依据认知语言学识解观,采用实地考察、深度访谈、中英文解说文本对比分析等方法,从调焦、突显、详略度等几个方面对怀化市文化遗产景区的解说类公示语的英文译本进行了研究和分析。文本分析发现翻译质量严重影响了英语解说文本的可读性,双语公示语翻译功能性差,文化因素考虑不够,不能满足国际旅游者对被参观的遗产意义渴望了解的需求,导致了双语解说没有达到文化沟通的效果。

认知翻译观视角下文化负载词的识解与重构——以《中国文脉》为例

从认知翻译学的角度看,英译中国散文作品的翻译活动涉及对原文作者意图进行识解和再现,以及在原文转换中的识解和重构两个关键过程。在这一过程中,正确理解和重新构建文化负载词对于推动中国独特文化走向国际具有重要意义。在进行翻译时,译者需要从以下四个维度准确理解原文,即“辖域和背景、视角、突显、详略度”,以期最大化地接近原作者对现实的理解,从而极可能准确地传达原文的语义。这种方法有助于保留汉语文化负载词的文化内涵,促进中国文学作品及文化在国际间更好地传播和交流。

Effect of Different Disinfection Methods on Calluses of Amorphophallus albus P.Y.Liu&J.F.Chen

This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.

从《罗生门》四个汉译本看认知翻译学的识解观

认知翻译学是一门将'认知科学+认知语言学'与'翻译学'紧密结合的新兴边缘学科。其中的识解观是指人们能用不同方式理解同一场景的能力,它主要包括五项:详略度、辖域、背景、视角、突显。本文以这五项内容理论为基础,对《罗生门》的四个汉译本进行比较研究,探讨识解观是如何体现在中日文小说的翻译实践中的。研究结果表明,由于认知主体互动体验的差异性,不同译者在翻译过程中做了不同处理,从而导致译本各具特色,体现了人文主观精神。

副名结构转喻操作的语义压制动因

本文以认知语言学的意义观、概念转喻理论和构式语法理论为基础,分析现代汉语"副词+名词"结构中名词的本质、这一结构的转喻机制、名词发生功能游移的语义压制动因、以及副词与名词搭配的原则。文章指出,名词丰富的内涵义是副名搭配的概念基础,名词发生功能游移的动因是副名结构的构式义对名词的词汇义进行压制,使与名词相关的可主观量度的属性被凸显,范畴转指属性的概念转喻是语义压制实现的途径。

从汉语典籍英译看词义的动态识解——以《聊斋志异》英译为例

Cruse的词义动态识解理论是在实际运用中围绕其相对稳定的核心义,通过人们不同的心理加工而形成,具有高度语境依赖性,而不是只有词语所固有的意义。因此,以动态识解理论为视角,试图探讨其对《聊斋志异》英译的解释力。

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Microstructure and Pyrolysis Pathway of Polyester-Polyether Multiblock Copolymer

The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). PGC was applied to study the F t curve of the multiblock copolymer and PGC/MS was used to separate and identify the pyrolyzates. DTA experiment was used to study the decomposition temperature. The results show that the beginning point of elastomer’s decomposition was about 300?℃ and the decomposition temperature of most of the sample was 550?℃. Many pyrolyzates were produced because of the breaking of weak bonds in the sample. The possible microstructure was verified and the pyrolysis pathway of the copolymer was investigated.

Return to ethics： On translators＇ norms of honor and shame

Translation studies has undergone three different periods： the traditional philological period, the modem linguistic period and the contemporary cultural period. Ever since the cultural turn, especially after the introduction of deconstruction into translation, traditional translation theories have been greatly affected. The traditional principle like faithfulness to the source text and the writer has been attacked and the translator＇s subjectivity and creativity have been greatly advocated. Under such circumstances, this paper, however, holds that translation studies should turn to ethics for the messy situation, and translators should be able to identify norms of honor and shame in translation practice.

Developing reading skills on the basis of embodied philosophy： Take ＂experiencing English＂ as an example

Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings＇ experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.

Preparation of Mg-Li-La alloys by electrolysis in molten salt

An electrochemical method was used to prepare Mg-Li-La alloys in a molten LiCl-KCl-KF-MgCl2 containing La2O3 at 943 K. The results showed preparation of Mg-Li-La alloys by electrolysis is feasible. The Mg-Li-La alloys were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical micrograph （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. XRD analysis indicates that α＋Mg17La2, α＋β＋Mg17La2 and β＋LaMg3 Mg-Li-La alloys with different lithium and lanthanum contents were obtained via galvanostatic electrolysis. The microstructures of typical α＋Mg17La2 and β＋LaMg3 phases of Mg-Li-La alloys were characterized by optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） shows that the element of Mg distributes homogeneously in the Mg-Li-La alloy and the element of La mostly exists at grain boundaries to restrain the grain growth rate due to the larger ionic radius and lower electronegativity compared with Mg.

Free dendritic growth model based on nonisothermal interface and microscopic solvability theory

Considering both the effect of nonisothermal nature of the solid/liquid interface and the microscopic solvability theory (MicST), a further improved version of free dendritic growth model for pure materials was proposed. Model comparison indicates that there is a higher temperature at the tip of dendrite predicted by the present model compared with the corresponding model with the isothermal solid/liquid interface assumption. This is attributed to the sidewise thermal diffusion, i.e. the gradient of temperature along the nonisothermal interface. Furthermore, it is indicated that the distinction between the stability criteria from MicST and marginal stability theory (MarST) is more significant with the increase of bath undercoolings. Model test also indicates that the present model can give an agreement with the available experimental data. It is finally concluded that the nonisothermal nature of the solid/liquid interface and the stability criterion from MicST should be taken into account in modeling free dendritic growth.

ESO-based decoupling control with multi-objective optimization for boiler-turbine unit

A model-assistant extended state observer(MESO)-based decoupling control strategy is proposed for boiler-turbine units in the presence of unknown external disturbance and model-plant mismatch. For ease of implementation, the decoupling compensator is reduced to the proportion integration(PI) decoupler with the frequency domain analysis, where the decoupling error in collusion of uncertainties and disturbances can be estimated by the proposed MESO and then compensated. To decrease the sensitivity of the dynamic error for the decoupling control and fulfill various requirements of constraints, such as safety operation, energy conservation, emission reduction, etc., the plant is transmitted through a scheduled steady state region which is achieved from the optimized reference governor in advance. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can well suppress various disturbances including a decoupling error, and multi-objective optimization can meet multiple requirements with the premise of safety production.

Three-Dimensional Thermal-Stress Analysis of Semi-infinite Transversely Isotropic Composites

By making use of the direct integration method,an exact analysis of the general three-dimensional thermoelasticity problem is performed for the case of a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space subject to local thermal and force loadings.The material plane of isotropy is assumed to be parallel to the limiting surface of the halfspace.By reducing the original thermoelasticity equations to the governing ones for individual stress-tensor components,the effect of material anisotropy in the stress field is analyzed with regard to the feasibility requirement,i.e.,the finiteness of the stress field at a distance from the disturbed area.As a result,the solution is constructed in the form of explicit analytical dependencies on the force and thermal loadings for various kinds of transversely isotropic materials and agrees with the basic principles of the continua mechanics.The solution can be efficiently used as a benchmark one for the direct computation of temperature and thermal stresses in transversely isotropic semi-infinite domains,as well as for the verification of solutions constructed by different means.

On Honesty and Deceit： An Interpretation of Difference and Repetition

Foucault famously questioned the humor, and possibly the deceit, at the heart of Deleuze＇s philosophy by asserting its sincerity and seriousness. In this paper I address how humor and sincerity, and thereby truth and falsity, are philosophical concepts at the core of Deleuze＇s thought. Using Deleuze＇s work Difference and Repetition as the focal object of my interrogation, I seek to show how truth and falsity are structured by difference and repetition. Deleuze＇s philosophy of pure difference does not merely try to critique traditional notions of truth, but attempts to define a new model of truth and falsity that bears both differences and repetitions from the previous models in the history of philosophy.

Apparent Dissolution Kinetics of Diatomite in Alkaline Solution

The dissolution kinetics of diatomite in alkaline solution is the theoretical basis for the process optimization of alkali-diatomite reaction and its applications.In this study,the dissolution kinetics of diatomite in NaOH solution is investigated.The results indicate that the dissolution reaction fits well the unreacted shrinking core model for solid-liquid heterogeneous reactions.The apparent reaction order for NaOH is 2 and the apparent activation energy for the reaction(Ea) is 28.06 kJ·mol-1.The intra-particle diffusion through the sodium silicate layer is the rate-controlling step.When the dissolution reaction occurs at the interface of unreacted diatomite solid core,the diffusion in the trans-layer(the liquid film around the wetted particle) reduces the rate of whole dissolution process.

Apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles

The apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated by numerical integration of mass transfer equation with measured degradation degree using a tubular photoreactor. The carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the oxidation of TiCl4 in propane/air flame CVD process with futile fraction up to 0.3 and carbon mass fractions up to 0.22, respectively. Thin TiO2 film is coated on the wall of the tubular reactor by sedimentation method. Effects of rutile mass fraction and carbon content have been examined on the apparent 1 ^st order rate constant and results show that, at 570ppm of formaldehyde loaded air stream, 80% relative humidity and about 100nm thin TiOa film, the 1^st order rate constant increases with increasing rutile mass fraction up to 0.3, occurs a maximum at the carbon content of about 5% by weight and is about 2.5 times of that at carbon content about zero or above 10%.

A Predictor-Corrector Scheme for the Microscopic Depletion Solver of the COCAGNE Core Code

EDF R＆D is developing a new calculation scheme based on the transport-Simplified Pn （SPn） approach. The lattice code used is the deterministic code APOLLO2, developed at CEA. The core code is the code COCAGNE, developed at EDF R＆D. The latter can take advantage of a microscopic depletion solver expected to improve the treatment of spectral history effects. However, the direct use of the microscopic depletion solver is computationally very intensive because very small evolution steps （typically 100 MWd/t） are needed to reach a good accuracy, which is not always compatible with industrial applications. In order to reduce the calculation time associated with the use of the microscopic depletion solver, a predictor-corrector scheme has been implemented within COCAGNE. It enables the use of larger evolution steps, up to 1000 MWd/t. Tests show that the predictor-corrector procedure gives fairly accurate results while significantly reducing the calculation time.

Microscopic mechanism of perfluorocarbon gas formation in aluminum electrolysis process

In view of the unclear cause of perfluorocarbons(PFCs)emission in the anode effect stage of aluminum electrolysis,the microscopic formation mechanism of PFCs was studied by density functional theory calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the discharge of fluorine containing anions([F]−)on carbon anode first causes the substitution of C—H by C—F and further results in the saturation of aromatic C—C bonds,leading to the appearance of—CF_(3)or—C_(2)F_(5)group through six-carbon-ring opening.Elimination of—CF_(3)and—C_(2)F_(5) with F atom could be a likely mechanism of CF_(4) and C_(2)F_(6) formation.XPS results confirm that different types of—CF_(x) group can be formed on anode surface during electrolysis,and the possibility that[F]−discharges continuously at the C edge and finally forms different C—F bonds in quantum mechanical calculation was verified.

Interpretation of Data in Psychology： A False Problem, a True Issue

In psychology, the concept of interpretation has been namely associated to the subjectivist paradigm underpinning qualitative approaches, rather than the objectivist paradigm charactefising quantitative research. In this article, we challenge this belief by showing how interpretation concerns psychology as a whole. To do this, the authors will first consider some dominant tendencies characterising the psychological field in general, such as the ＂empiricist illusion＂ and the ＂trap of scientism＂ （Vygotsky 1999）. Moreover, they will introduce the cultural perspective in psychology, pertinent to deconstruct several assumptions regarding research within the discipline. Stemming from this approach, ＂indirect methods＂ will be presented with regard to their potential to analyse psychological phenomena both qualitatively and scientifically. They will conclude by describing a set of principles that can be implemented when doing qualitative research as to ensure the quality and the adequacy of interpretation.