解象、释名、析理——《周易》与中国哲学的论说方式

在和西方哲学的比较之中,学者多以为中国传统哲学偏重于道德体验或心性修养。郑万耕先生指出,这是脱离经学史研究的一种误解。以《周易》为例,讨论道德内容、道德体验、道德修养固然也是其中的重要内容,但《周易》的作者及后代的易学家是基于对卦象、卦形的解释而引申出了道德论,从形式到内容都非常独特,影响深远。《周易·大象传》集中体现了"解象、释名、析理"的论说模式。《周易·大象传·豫》之言基于"雷出地奋"的卦象,而引申出了上古先王祭祀的对象及卜筮和制作音乐的目的,"崇德"是其中的重要内容,但不是唯一的内容。《周易·大象传·豫》所云"以配祖考"与古文献中"以配上帝"明显不同,反应了祖先至上的意识。严灵峰先生以为《大象传》的文字和卜筮的繇辞毫无关系,而且是由《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》等书中精选出儒家有关政教的中心思想编纂而成的。但结合上下文分析,反而可以证明《中庸》援引并发挥了《大象传》的思想。

谈摄象机光学系统的解象力

解象力实际上就是分辨率。其区别在于解象力是日本技术之外来语,而分辨率则是我国的技术用语。由于本文介绍的概念及计算主要出自日本专家之处,故文中还是按日本习惯称为解象力。本文对摄象机镜头及CCD接收器的解象力进行了一般的讨论。

Embodied Meaning in Comprehending Abstract Chinese Counterfactuals

Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.

有差别就有特性

电视(TV)这个词的组成来源于希腊文,意思是远距离传送画面。电视最初的确只是作为一种直观地报导生活和转播舞台艺术活动的工具。后来电视台自办文艺节目,在演播室内直播戏剧演出,这就是第一阶段的电视剧,这种直播电视剧,反映生活比舞台剧更逼真。

缩微胶片复制技术

缩微摄影积极而活跃地闯进了人们的生活。因此,图书馆的广大读者们,越来越需要利用的不是图书和杂志,而是它们的缩微复制品和显微阅读设备。而图书馆的工作人员们,则越来越需要配套的、复杂的缩微摄影复制设备的网络体系。普及缩微胶片复制技术的理由是十分明显而又充分的。因为这种复制技术,能够解决图书馆界很久以前就已面临的、特别是当今又正在日益加剧的许多问题。和传统的大开本印刷品相比较。

用群文阅读上好古诗词课

在初中语文教学中,古诗词是其中的一项重难点内容,群文阅读教学模式具备一定的创新性和探究性,将这一教学模式运用到古诗词的教学中,能够加深学生对古诗词的理解,激发他们的学习兴趣,提高语文古诗词的教学效率。本文基于多次古诗文课例的教学实践,对群文阅读的古代诗歌教学策略展开探析。

Microcomputer Controlled High Precision Image Scanning Systems for Railway Tunnel Width Measurement

There should be high resolution demand that is better than 1000 DPI(dot per inch) for high precision image scanning system. This paper introduced the two-level computer controlled system that consisted of LS-3500 film scanner, AST386/33 monitoring control level and Intel 8031 single chip computer that is used as DDC level. The formula for scanning image data processing and methods of statistic parameters calculating are described.

Thermal decomposition behaviour of polyacrylamidomethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride in red mud separation process

In order to provide references for selecting highly efficient red mud flocculants, the behaviour of polyacrylamidomethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride （PATAC） in red mud separation process was investigated. PATAC was employed as a flocculant for red mud separation from the caustic aluminate liquor at 95 ℃. The used red mud was generated from Chinese diaspore bauxite in Bayer process of alumina production. And the changes of PATAC before or after being treated in caustic solution at 95 ℃ were studied by thermogravimetry （TG） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectral analysis. The results show that PATAC fails in effectively focculating red mud and PATAC is readily converted to a quaternary ammonium hydroxide （PATAH） in caustic solution. PATAH can be decomposed to a new polymer （HPATAH） even at 95 ℃. Furthermore, there is an intramolecular hydrogen bond formed in the HPATAH polymer chain with two functional groups of--CH2--OH and --CONH2. Therefore, the poor flocculation property of PATAC for red mud separation can be attributed to the thermal decomposition of PATAC in the caustic red mud slurry at 95 ℃ and the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond in the polymer chain of HPATAH during the thermal decomposition, which causes the absorbable functional groups of PATAC to decrease greatly.

An investigation on dissolution kinetics of single sodium carbonate particle with image analysis method

Dissolution kinetics of sodium carbonate is investigated with the image analysis method at the approach of single particle.The dissolution experiments are carried out in an aqueous solution under a series of controlled temperature and p H.The selected sodium carbonate particles are all spherical with the same mass and diameter.The dissolution process is quantified with the measurement of particle diameter from dissolution images.The concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate in solvent is calculated with the measured diameter of particle.Both surface reaction model and mass transport model are implemented to determine the dissolution mechanism and quantify the dissolution rate constant at each experimental condition.According to the fitting results with both two models,it is clarified that the dissolution process at the increasing temperature is controlled by the mass transport of dissolved sodium carbonate travelling from particle surface into solvent.The dissolution process at the increasing pH is controlled by the chemical reaction on particle surface.Furthermore,the dissolution rate constant for each single spherical sodium carbonate particle is quantified and the results show that the dissolution rate constant of single spherical sodium carbonate increases significantly with the rising of temperature,but decreases with the increasing of pH conversely.

Impact of meteorological conditions and PM2.5 on the onset of acute aortic dissection in monsoonal climate

Objective To investigate the impact of meteorological conditions and PM2.5 on the onset of acute aortic dissection in monsoonal climate. Methods A linear regression analysis was performed in monsoonal climate epidemiological survey for a period of four years on the impact of meteorological factors （minimal temperature, mean temperature, maximal temperature, average daily surface temperature, day temperature range, relative humidity, mean wind speed, and atmospheric pressure） and PM2.5 concentration on the daily incidences of acute aortic dissections. Meteorological variables and PM2.5 concentration were retrieved on a daily basis from Beijing Regional Climate Center and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China’s website, and the daily incidences of acute aortic dissections were retrieved from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in the Emergency and Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Results During the study period （from January 2011 to December 2014）, 1164 patients were identified as having acute aortic dissections. The corresponding incidences in spring and autumn were 0.96 and 1.00, respectively, which significantly higher than that in summer and winter. The incidences of acute aortic dissection in a day could be predicted by diurnal temperature range （DTR） using the following linear multiple regression models： incidences of acute aortic dissection = 0.543 ＋ 0.025 × DTR. Conclusion This is the first study to show an attributable effect of DTR on acute aortic events in monsoonal climate. Our study confirms that meteorological variables were important factors influencing the incidence of acute aortic dissection.

Unsupervised linear spectral mixture analysis with AVIRIS data

A new algorithm for unsupervised hyperspectral data unmixing is investigated, which includes a modified minimum noise fraction （MNF） transformation and independent component analysis （ICA）. The modified MNF transformation is used to reduce noise and remove correlation between neighboring bands. Then the ICA is applied to unmix hyperspectral images, and independent endmembers are obtained from unmixed images by using post-processing which includes image segmentation based on statistical histograms and morphological operations. The experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm can identify endmembers resident in mixed pixels. Meanwhile, the results show the high computational efficiency of the modified MNF transformation. The time consumed by the modified method is almost one fifth of the traditional MNF transformation.

Development versus conservation: evaluation of landscape structure changes in Dem?novská Valley, Slovakia

This paper presents the changes of landscape structure in the Demanovská Valley which ranks among the most valuable protected areas of Slovakia. The area was selected on the basis of changes associated with the rapidly growing tourism industry and the rise of an important destination in the center of Low Tatras National Park, Slovakia. To document any changes, we visually interpreted data from aerial and satellite images in three periods（1949, 2007 and 2013） and for predicting future changes we used land use planning documentation. Interpreted data were analyzed using overlay analysis and landscape metrics. Results showed extensive changes in the landscape structure mainly connected with the development of tourism infrastructure. We also identified long-term changes whose causes stem from the transformation of society and forest management in the past. The dynamics and extent of these changes may increase in the future. We propose to stop future development of ski slopes and expansion of related infrastructure, to focus on sustainability and environmentally friendly operation of the existing ski resort and to invest a substantial portion of profits to support projects aimed to preserve surrounding lands and wildlife.

Building Extraction from LIDAR Based Semantic Analysis

Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings’ semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings’ semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented.

The Extended Problems of Solution for Cauchy-Riemann Equation

This paper, we discuss the solutions＇ characterize of Cauchy-Riemann equation and the extension phenomenon of Hartogs in C^n and, a series of new extended results of the solutions for Cauchy-Riemann equations is obtained by using the latest developments of the solutions＇ extension. Furthermore, the case of the extension＇s limitation for the solutions is also given.

Radius of Starlikeness for Class S(a,n)and Its Extension

This paper obtain that the radius of starlikeness for class S(α,n)in [1] is,tespectivety, where α_ is unique solution of equation (αα)^(1/2)=σwith a in (0.1),and α-[1+(1-2α)r^(2n)]/(1-r^(2n)),σ =[1-(1-2α)r~]/(1+r~).Futhermore,we consider an extension of class S(α,n):Let S(α、β、n) denote the class of functions f(z)=z+α_z^(n+1)+…(n≥1)that are analytie in |z|<1 such that f(z)/g (z)∈p(α,n)[1],where g(z)∈S~*(β)[2].This paper prove that the radius of starlikeness of class S(α, β,n) is given by the smallest positive root(less than 1)of the following equations (1-2α)(1-2β)r^(2)-2[1-α-β-n(1-α)]r^+1=0.0≤α≤α_0, (1-α)[1-(1-2β)r~]-n[r^(1+r^)=0.,α_0≤α<1. where α=[1+(1-2α)r^(2)]/(1-r^(2)(0≤r<1),α_0(?(0,1) is some fixed number.This result is also the cxtension of well-known results[T.Th3] and [8,Th3]

Optical Operator Method in Two-Mode Case and Entangled Fresnel Operator's Decomposition

Based on the entangled Fresnel operator （EFO） proposed in [Commun. Theor. Phys. 46 （2006） 559], the optical operator method studied by the IWOP technique （Ma et al., Commun. Theor. Phys. 49 （2008） 1295） is extended to the two-mode case, which gives the decomposition of the entangled Fresnel operator, corresponding to the decomposition of ray transfer matrix [A, B, C, D]. The EFO can unify those optical operators in two-mode case. Various decompositions of EFO into the exponential canonical operators are obtained. The entangled state representation is useful in the research.

Critical Human Rights and Liberal Legality： Struggling for ＂The Right to Have Communal Rights＂

Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.