This paper approaches advertisements on the basis of relevant theory. It elaborates how the advertiser as addresser in communication succeed in conveying his intention for publicity and how the recipient as addressee ...This paper approaches advertisements on the basis of relevant theory. It elaborates how the advertiser as addresser in communication succeed in conveying his intention for publicity and how the recipient as addressee takes advantage of different types of relevant devices in reasoning out the communicative purposes from four different angles, namely, non-stereotypical interpretation of advertisements, psychological requirements of the recipient as addressee in advertisements, advertisements as explicit information and the situational approach to implicit meanings of advertisements. It aims at providing guidance for advertisement planning and translation by means of the exposure of rules underlying advertisements.展开更多
This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with m...This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with mixed architecture is constructed, and the on-line phase, in which the domain dependent language instructions parsing is carried out and clips in the clip library are matched by use of some matching values calculated from the information derived from instruction parsing. An im- portant feature of our approach is its ability to preserve the artistic quality of clips in the produced cartoon animations.展开更多
To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggre...To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggregate signature algorithm are combined in a practical and secure manner to form the general aggregate signcryption scheme's schema and concept, and a new secure, efficiently general aggregate signcryption scheme, which allows the aggregation of n distinct signcryptions by n distinct users on n distinct messages, is proposed. First, the correction of the GASC scheme is analyzed. Then, we formally prove the security of GASC in the random oracle models IND-CCA2 and EUF-CMA under the DBDHP assumption and the DLP assumption, respectively. The results show that the GASC scheme is not only secure against any probabilistic polynomial-time IND-GASC-CCA2 and EUF-GASC-CMA adversary in the random oracle models but also efficient in pairing ê computations. In addition, the GASC scheme gives an effective remedy to the key escrow problem, which is an inherent issue in IBC by splitting the private key into two parts, and reduces the communication complexity by eliminating the interaction among the senders (signers) before the signcryption generation.展开更多
The lack of existing solutions makes it really hard to understand formal specification languages since the application domain for representations is useful for the purpose of carrying out certain software engineering ...The lack of existing solutions makes it really hard to understand formal specification languages since the application domain for representations is useful for the purpose of carrying out certain software engineering operations such as slicing and the computation of program metrics.A Z specification dependence graph is presented in this letter. It draws on the strengths of a range of earlier works and adapts them, if necessary, to the Z language.展开更多
Language and culture are interactive and interdependent. Translation is not only the transfer between two languages, but also between two cultures. Therefore, cultural difference plays a significant role in translatio...Language and culture are interactive and interdependent. Translation is not only the transfer between two languages, but also between two cultures. Therefore, cultural difference plays a significant role in translation. In the past decades, translation study has shifted from the purely linguistic level to cultural perspective, and study on cultural differences has brought a new world for the sake of translation studies. This paper tries to illustrate the connection between language and culture, the correlation between culture and translation, analyze the main aspects of cultural differences between Chinese and Western, and sum up translation strategies of domestication and foreignization as well as specific translation methods on the consideration of cultural differences. Finally, the paper proposes that translators should pay attention to cultural differences and adjust target text in accordance with cultural differences展开更多
The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of dif...The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？展开更多
Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecu...Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecutive patients with diagnosed with iCM at EMB were retrospectively analyzed. The combined primary endpoint （EP） （1E°P） was cardiac death, aborted sudden cardiac death/appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） shock, progressive heart failure requiring left venWicular assist device （LVAD） implantation and heart transplantation. 503 patients （mean age 58 ° 12 years, 73% male） were available for analysis. Genomes of cardiotrophic viruses were detected in 396 patients （79%） and immuno-histochemical signs of inflammation were present in 223 individuals （44%）. After 3.6 ° 2.4 years of follow-up, cardiac mortality was 3.0% （n = 14） and a total of 8.6% （n = 40） reached the primary endpoint. Independent predictors for the 1 °EP were： age 〉 50 years, presence and duration （〈 28 days） of symptomatic heart failure. A risk stratification approach based on the results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence of signs and/or symptoms of congestive heart failure in younger （〈 50 years） patients with longer （〉 28 days） duration of disease appear to have an excellent prognosis with 100% survival and no events during follow-up The presence of all above mentioned independent risk factors results in an 1°EP occurrence of 35.9%. Conclusions Symptoms of heart fail- ure, short duration of disease, and older age are indicators of poor outcome in patients with iCM.展开更多
Let g be an n-Lie superalgebra. We study the double derivation algebra 7）（g） and describe the relation between 7）（9） and the usual derivation Lie superalgebra Der（9）. We show that the set 7）（9） of all doubl...Let g be an n-Lie superalgebra. We study the double derivation algebra 7）（g） and describe the relation between 7）（9） and the usual derivation Lie superalgebra Der（9）. We show that the set 7）（9） of all double derivations is a subalgebra of the general linear Lie superalgebra gl（9） and the inner derivation algebra ad（9） is an ideal of 7）（9）. We also show that if 9 is a perfect n-Lie superalgebra with certain constraints on the base field, then the centralizer of ad（9） in 7P（9） is trivial. Finally, we give that for every perfect n-Lie superalgebra 9, the triple derivations of the derivation algebra Der（9） are exactly the derivations of Der（9）.展开更多
New-style urbanization is not only a major national strategy for today but also an inevitable trend of social development. It supplies a broad stage for the development of urban citizens＇ linguistic competence, which...New-style urbanization is not only a major national strategy for today but also an inevitable trend of social development. It supplies a broad stage for the development of urban citizens＇ linguistic competence, which in turn constitutes the basis and motive force of the new-style urbanization and plays a pivotal role in its construction. Proceeding from linguistic competence is an effective measure for dealing with some of the thorny problems arising in the course of new-style urbanization, while new-style urbanization offers an opportunity for the improvement of urban citizens＇ linguistic competence.展开更多
文摘This paper approaches advertisements on the basis of relevant theory. It elaborates how the advertiser as addresser in communication succeed in conveying his intention for publicity and how the recipient as addressee takes advantage of different types of relevant devices in reasoning out the communicative purposes from four different angles, namely, non-stereotypical interpretation of advertisements, psychological requirements of the recipient as addressee in advertisements, advertisements as explicit information and the situational approach to implicit meanings of advertisements. It aims at providing guidance for advertisement planning and translation by means of the exposure of rules underlying advertisements.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60373037), the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2004AA119060), Natural Science Founda-tion of Zhejiang Province (No. M603228), Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan Project, and Ningbo Science Foundation for Doctor, China
文摘This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with mixed architecture is constructed, and the on-line phase, in which the domain dependent language instructions parsing is carried out and clips in the clip library are matched by use of some matching values calculated from the information derived from instruction parsing. An im- portant feature of our approach is its ability to preserve the artistic quality of clips in the produced cartoon animations.
基金supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2011CB302903 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61073188,No.61073115+1 种基金 the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.11KJA520002 the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No.yx002001
文摘To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggregate signature algorithm are combined in a practical and secure manner to form the general aggregate signcryption scheme's schema and concept, and a new secure, efficiently general aggregate signcryption scheme, which allows the aggregation of n distinct signcryptions by n distinct users on n distinct messages, is proposed. First, the correction of the GASC scheme is analyzed. Then, we formally prove the security of GASC in the random oracle models IND-CCA2 and EUF-CMA under the DBDHP assumption and the DLP assumption, respectively. The results show that the GASC scheme is not only secure against any probabilistic polynomial-time IND-GASC-CCA2 and EUF-GASC-CMA adversary in the random oracle models but also efficient in pairing ê computations. In addition, the GASC scheme gives an effective remedy to the key escrow problem, which is an inherent issue in IBC by splitting the private key into two parts, and reduces the communication complexity by eliminating the interaction among the senders (signers) before the signcryption generation.
文摘The lack of existing solutions makes it really hard to understand formal specification languages since the application domain for representations is useful for the purpose of carrying out certain software engineering operations such as slicing and the computation of program metrics.A Z specification dependence graph is presented in this letter. It draws on the strengths of a range of earlier works and adapts them, if necessary, to the Z language.
文摘Language and culture are interactive and interdependent. Translation is not only the transfer between two languages, but also between two cultures. Therefore, cultural difference plays a significant role in translation. In the past decades, translation study has shifted from the purely linguistic level to cultural perspective, and study on cultural differences has brought a new world for the sake of translation studies. This paper tries to illustrate the connection between language and culture, the correlation between culture and translation, analyze the main aspects of cultural differences between Chinese and Western, and sum up translation strategies of domestication and foreignization as well as specific translation methods on the consideration of cultural differences. Finally, the paper proposes that translators should pay attention to cultural differences and adjust target text in accordance with cultural differences
文摘The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？
文摘Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecutive patients with diagnosed with iCM at EMB were retrospectively analyzed. The combined primary endpoint （EP） （1E°P） was cardiac death, aborted sudden cardiac death/appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） shock, progressive heart failure requiring left venWicular assist device （LVAD） implantation and heart transplantation. 503 patients （mean age 58 ° 12 years, 73% male） were available for analysis. Genomes of cardiotrophic viruses were detected in 396 patients （79%） and immuno-histochemical signs of inflammation were present in 223 individuals （44%）. After 3.6 ° 2.4 years of follow-up, cardiac mortality was 3.0% （n = 14） and a total of 8.6% （n = 40） reached the primary endpoint. Independent predictors for the 1 °EP were： age 〉 50 years, presence and duration （〈 28 days） of symptomatic heart failure. A risk stratification approach based on the results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence of signs and/or symptoms of congestive heart failure in younger （〈 50 years） patients with longer （〉 28 days） duration of disease appear to have an excellent prognosis with 100% survival and no events during follow-up The presence of all above mentioned independent risk factors results in an 1°EP occurrence of 35.9%. Conclusions Symptoms of heart fail- ure, short duration of disease, and older age are indicators of poor outcome in patients with iCM.
文摘Let g be an n-Lie superalgebra. We study the double derivation algebra 7）（g） and describe the relation between 7）（9） and the usual derivation Lie superalgebra Der（9）. We show that the set 7）（9） of all double derivations is a subalgebra of the general linear Lie superalgebra gl（9） and the inner derivation algebra ad（9） is an ideal of 7）（9）. We also show that if 9 is a perfect n-Lie superalgebra with certain constraints on the base field, then the centralizer of ad（9） in 7P（9） is trivial. Finally, we give that for every perfect n-Lie superalgebra 9, the triple derivations of the derivation algebra Der（9） are exactly the derivations of Der（9）.
文摘New-style urbanization is not only a major national strategy for today but also an inevitable trend of social development. It supplies a broad stage for the development of urban citizens＇ linguistic competence, which in turn constitutes the basis and motive force of the new-style urbanization and plays a pivotal role in its construction. Proceeding from linguistic competence is an effective measure for dealing with some of the thorny problems arising in the course of new-style urbanization, while new-style urbanization offers an opportunity for the improvement of urban citizens＇ linguistic competence.
