语文课堂教学应具有“三美”

语文教学是一种艺术,课堂教学形式更是一种艺术。在语文教学中,教学机智、教学情感和教师语言对提高学生的语文素养起着重要的作用。这就要求教师在课堂教学中应具有"三美",即形美、情美、言美。

The Connection Between Slavery and Prophecy as It Relates tothe American Nation in the Writings of the Adventist PioneersDuring the Antebellum Period

The period between 1850 and 1865 was a period of major social upheavals in American society; the major issue was the slavery. This period also witnessed the birth and organization of the Sabbatarian Adventism, a pre-millennial Christian movement distinguished by an emphasis on the Seventh-day Sabbath and a special understanding of Bible prophecies. Most Adventist pioneers vehemently opposed slavery, although not always on the same ground as their Christian counterparts. Aided by their peculiar understanding of Bible prophecy, the early Adventists identified America with apocalyptical end-time power, slavery being the key attribute of the ＂beast that looks like a lamb but speaks like a dragon＂ from Revelation 13：11. This article investigates the development of Adventist connection between slavery, America and Bible prophecy.

Political Correctness in American English and Its Implication in TEFL

Political correctness （PC） is both a cultural existence and a language phenomenon. It is used to describe language policies intending to avoid offense or disadvmatages to specific groups in society reflecting the language norms of the Americans as well as withdrawing from language discrimination. This paper traces briefly the history of political correctness in American English, make analysis of the connotations of politically correct terms in American English, and illustrates the influence PC has on American English. Finally, some implications in political correctness in TEFL （Teaching English as a Foreign Language） were drawn with the intention to enhance learners＇ competency in language as well as intercultural communication.

段玉裁《说文解字注》释“昌”考辨

许慎《说文解字·日部》释“昌”为“美言”,《段注》认同许说,将“美言”作为“昌”的本义,强调“昌”从“曰”,并认为许慎“一曰,日光也”的说法可能源于魏晋人妄增许昌之说。但结合字源演化、文献用例考辨发现,“昌”字上部不变、下部多变,“昌”字“从日从口”不从“曰”,且传世文献中无“昌”释“言”义之例证,其本义应为“日光亮时的大喊声”,由此引申出“明亮”“光明”义,进而衍生出“昌盛”“正当”“兴旺”“壮大”“美好”等其他意义。许慎、段玉裁训“昌”本义为“美言”,余义为“日光”的观点恐有失偏颇。

The relationship between syntax and semantics in the case of Ma＇ani Nahwi in Arabic and the idea of Modistae in Latin

The research emphasizes on the relation of the Arabic concept of ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂ and the Latin ＂modistae＂. In order to establish this relation, the researcher illustrates the role of Aristotle＇s categories in influencing the concept of the Medieval Latin ＂modistae＂. This is followed by a reevaluation of the influence of Arabic philosophers, such as al-Farabi （c.870-c.950 CE）, Avicenna （980-1037 CE） and Averoes （c.1126-c.1198 CE） on Latin philosophy and linguistics, especially Jurjani＇s （d.1078 CE） role in introducing his concept of ＂nazm＂ towards ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂. The research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between syntax and semantics which has not been effectively clarified within the framework of traditional Arabic grammatical theory.

Study on the cultural and aesthetic characters of national costume design

National costume not only show body language, but also body language and extends through the aesthetic psychology of space and aesthetic psychological sense, to convey the emotional body hidden vocabulary, the limited physical space converted into a form of osvcholoical unlimited imagination!

Marie Corelli＇s The Secret Power in Bengali Rendering： Translation, Indianisation and Cultural Criss-crossing

Since the 1980s and 1980s, a new trend in the discipline of Translation Studies has emerged beyond the boundaries of Europe. Scholars from post-colonial nations like Canada, India, China, Africa, and Latin America have argued that translation was used in the past as a means of depriving the colonised people of their voice. In the colonial structure, the hegemonic culture used to dominate, making the others subservient. Translation in the colonial period reflected that hierarchy. In this light, decades after the independence of India, translation from a reverse direction, that is, rendering popular English texts in minority languages, may be seen as a process of＂writing back＂. Even if the original text concerned is not a ＂political＂ writing, and the translation is apparently meant for ＂safer-zones＂ such as ＂young students＇ literature＂, a tendency of claiming cultural equality, overlapping the translator＇s own cultural and literary heritage with the original author＇s, can be discovered. This paper attempts to focus on these issues in a particular text—the 1995 Bengali translation of Marie Corelli＇s 1921 science-fiction, The Secret Power. The purpose of this paper is to explore how Sudhindranath Raha has intermingled Biblical references and Western contexts with allusions to Indian culture and Sanskrit literature, thereby claiming a space for mutual understanding and respect between two cultures.

Case Study of Three Arab American Language Identity： Bilingual, Binational, or Both

Growing applied linguistics research has discussed the upsurge of the usage of Arabic language among Arabic speakers in the United States （Bale, 2010; Sehlaoui, 2008）; language contact and conflict among Arab Americans （AAs） （Rouchdy, 2002）; and how mobility--both virtual and physical--influences their identities （Duff, 2015） This study researches how AAs define their affiliation to the Arabic language in the United States to understand their attitudes on language variety and ethnic diversity, religion and identity, and stereotypes of Arabs. After analyzing interviews, all three AA participants self-selected their identity based on linguistic and physical contexts Thus, the findings suggest further research on AAs should consider cyber identity as a factor for bilingual speakers and compare it with Arabic speakers in their home country

On Difference of Non-language Culture Between China and America

This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between Sino-American non-verbal communication. It contrasts and demonstrates the following aspects： specific body language, time language, space language and paralanguage. It puts forward some effective strategies, namely, how to get deeper acquaintance with non-verbal communication, how to strengthen cultural mastery and develop the cross-cultural sense and open thought, how to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence. The article aims to improve the abilities of cross-cultural communication, in order to help both parties of China and America reduce misunderstandings and establish a better relationship.

The Influence of Indian Culture on American English

Language and culture are inseparable. A language carries cultural message of a nation, which reflects the historical and cultural background of this nation, as well as people＇s thinking, social behavior and lifestyle. Culture records the social development and changes while social development and changes in a variety of things and phenomena will get accumulated and reflected in the language. In the collision of Indian culture and American English, Indian culture has left a deep imprint on American English. American English absorbs a large number of Indian vocabulary, including the names of animals, plants, and many other aspects of social life along with compound words. This paper mainly focuses on the influence of Indian culture on American English, and analyses semantic variants from Indian language in American English, including sound, spelling, semantic and syntactical change. With the tolerance of other languages and many borrowed Indian words, American English makes the 17th century become its starting point of continuous development and evolution.

A Contrastive Analysis of Three English Translation of Camel Xiangzi from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Nida＇ s Functional Equivalence Theory has made a great contribution to the translation industry, which means the translation should reach the functional equivalence between two languages rather than the rigid correspondence of the texts. Functional Equivalence Theory includes stylistic equivalence, glossary equivalence and passage equivalence. The literary work selected in this paper is a famous classic novel, Camel Xiangzi, in which the features of the language employed by author are fizll of＂Chinese characteristics.＂ Just because of the characteristics, the task is more difficult in the process of the wanslating. In this paper, it makes a contrastive analysis of the translations to the fourth chapter of Camel Xiangzi by using Nida＇s Functional Equivalence Theory. There are three kinds of English versions, which were selected from a Chinese-American translator Shi Xiaojing＇s translation Camel Xiangzi, American translator Evan King＇ s translation Rickshaw Boy and American translator Jean M.James＇ s translation Richshaw： the Novel Lo-t＇o Hsinang Tz~ Due to limited words, this paper mainly analyzes the novel from the glossary, the stylistic and the passage equivalence. The result is that Jean M.James＇ s translation maximizes to achieve Functional Equivalence Theory, it also tries to reach formal equivalence, and her Wanslafion compensates for lack of the theory. What＇ s more, it verifies the feasibility and directive significance in translation of functional equivalence.

Love Expressions by American and Chinese University Students

Male and female speech is different in many ways. This study intends to compare and contrast love expressions used by American and Chinese university students. The participants of 40 university students, including American male university students, American female university students, Chinese male university students, and Chinese female university students, were selected randomly. Each of them was given one questionnaire. There was an introductory question, which aimed at finding out whether the participants would choose to express their love in verbal or written language, and if they would, how they would express it. Then the participants were channeled into the four different parts. Results showed that male university students of both nations were more eager to express their love and also had less constraints and pressure compared with their female counterparts did. American university students of both genders were more open and direct when they expressed their love, whereas Chinese university students of both genders were more reserved and tended to express their love indirectly.

“Not Now!”1—On the Contemporary Relevance of Faulkner＇s Exploration of the Blacks

The accession of an African-American Obama to the U.S. Presidency in 2008 is an epoch-making event. The thesis focuses on the current situation of the blacks in U.S. to highlight the prophetic nature of Faulkner, the Nobel Prize winning American novelist＇s exploration of the blacks throughout his career, namely, the miserable living states of the blacks, racial segregation against the blacks in the sphere of education and religion, racial discrimination against the blacks with regard to civil rights, racial persecution against the blacks in legal cases, and the dependency upon the black leadership to salvage the multi-ethnic nation and so on. The paper comes up with the conclusion that Faulkner is accurate in his prophecy that the savior of the nation, the blacks shall suffer and lead.

Musical Traditions of Tengrianism

This paper examines the musical tradition, widespread in the giant habitat of the northern hemisphere--from theUrals in the east to the Pacific and even capturing the regions of North America. The author considers music as areflection of worldview and religion. For this purpose the author uses a method of comparison of a mythological picture of the world and properties of musical language. An important element linking the two areas is vertical. In mythology, this is turning the world on several floors in which the world of people occupies the middle one. At the level of music--it is the vertical of overtone sound row. The initial timbre ideal of this tradition are th esounds of throat singing which are associated with the vertical of the universe and consciousness used as an important formative structure of the World Model. In the article the author considers a materialization of musical consciousness in musical instruments. For this purpose, eight instruments under different names are selected andpresented in musical cultures of people. This allows the author to create the card of geographical distribution of tengri consciousness.

Necessary and Luxury Loanwords in British, American, and Georgian Online Newspapers and Magazines

The perception and use of loanwords in most literature, more specifically, online newspapers and magazines based on British, American, and Georgian media discourse, focus on the origin and the fundamental development of language content and the essentiality of luxury and necessary loanwords. Due to the fact that most magazines are created with an intention of convincing readers of various ideologies, most linguists would consider the use of loanwords to give a comprehensive presentation of ideas. Incorporating English loanwords is not only a requisite tool for integrating and addressing the cultural differences between various communities across the globe, but also acts as a bridge that fills the conceptual gaps that exist in various languages. This is no longer the job of a linguist, because there are many other ways through which the people of a particular country can adopt a loanword （e.g., social media）. Also, it enriches the recipient language and puts its citizens up to date with the latest developments and inventions.

Analysis of Pragmatic Functions of Vague Expressions in Advertisements

Pragmatic vagueness is a manifestation that language has elasticity and is one of attributes of nature language. Pragmatic vagueness phenomenon exists in news report, law version and commerce report. Nowadays in adverting creations, advertisers take pragmatic vagueness as the strategy in order to make the most effective to strengthen the advertising attention, memory and persuasion in the limited time and space. At the same time, the pragmatic vagueness strategy also strengthens the advertising flexibility and appropriateness, compresses information and produces advertising aesthetic effect. In most circumstances, advertising companies use pragmatic vagueness to realize their advertising purpose and pragmatic vagueness offers strangely psychological hint to customers. This paper will firstly state pragmatic vagueness and advertising activities, and then analysis the function of pragmatic vagueness in advertisements.

Cultural Orientation Through Public Speaking Contests

Learning about culture is an integral part of learning a fbreign language. Participating in speech contests gives language learners a good opportunity to know more about the culture of the target language. Such contests allow students to learn how to write a speech for a particular audience, how to introduce a speaker, how to deliver a speech, and how to say ＂thank you＂ to the speaker. Participation in speech contests can promote insight and understanding through a comparison of American culture and the students＇ native culture. Such comparison is intended to promote better understanding of both cultures.

Listening Comprehension Ability and Language Attitudes： American vs. British English

American English is predominantly prescribed as the primary English learning model at every educational level in Taiwan and limited attention is paid to other accents of English. It is therefore the intention of this paper to investigate whether Taiwan Residents EFL learners have difficulties understanding British English after years of instruction in American English, and to identify differences between learners＇ attitudes towards these two varieties of English. EFL learners from two universities were randomly assigned to American and British English groups and required to listen to short texts recorded with either American or British accent. An independent simple t-test showed that no significant differences were found in listening comprehension scores, but responses on questionnaires revealed significant differences in attitudes towards American and British English. The influence of long-term instruction in American English was evidenced. Based on these findings, suggestions are provided for English language teaching in Taiwan and implications are drawn for the concept of English as an International Language （ELL）, that in order to pursue successful international communication with people of various native languages, EFL learners need to experience various accents of English.

Study on Chinese painting freehand brushwork

In art of the canvas, the brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy is one of the important behavior means of the canvas, have independent aesthetic value at the same time, contemporary, one that is with pluralism, varied painting idea and painting skill and technique of art is great and abundant, traditional in the canvas works ＂ The brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy ＂ Already not merely can be spoken to the limit by the simple scribbling and wiping of pen, and Chinese comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy, technique of writing incorporate visual language and spiritual intension created that can enrich the picture greatly in the canvas is created. This text attempts to canvass the canvas and create the feasibility that incorporated into comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy and expansionary from two respect factors of cultural idea and skill and technique and tool material.

The Applicability in Selection of American sitcoms as Materials for Teaching English listening and speaking

English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humor is the main feature, there is still a long distance between real and Actors＇ lines. Through English spoken feature, we take American popular long sitcom ＂Friends＂ and ＂Big Bang＂ as the example, combined the analysis of real spoken language in the sitcom in order to dig out the suitability when we need to select appropriate teaching material.