A study on the feasibility of CET oral test based on automatic essay marking

This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.

A Q-based integrating interaction framework system for multi-agent coordination

Interaction is one of the crucial features of multl-agent systems, in which there are two kinds of interaction： agent-to-agent and human-to-agent. In order to unify the two kinds of interaction while designing multi-agent systems, this paper introduces Q language-a scenario description language for designing interaction among agents and humans. Based on Q, we propose an integrating interaction framework system for multi-agent coordination, in which Q scenarios are used to uniformly describe both kinds of interactions. Being in accordance to the characteristics of Q language, the Q-based framework makes the interaction process open and easily understood by the users. Additionally, it makes specific applications of multi-agent systems easy to be established by application designers. By applying agent negotiation in agent-mediated e-commerce and agent cooperation in interoperable information query on the Semantic Web, we illustrate how the presented framework for multi-agent coordination is implemented in concrete applications. At the same time, these two different applications also demonstrate usability of the presented framework and verify validity of Q language.

Relationship between Numbers and Letters

This paper proposes that there is a relation between numbers and letters. This relation may exist in all types of different languages. This research focuses on the reason of choosing some mathematical symbols like ＂ ＂ and ＂π＂ in Arabic, Latin, and English languages. Also, this paper presents some relations between months, weeks, and days in Arabic, English, and Latin languages.

婴幼儿听觉能力评估

随着新生儿听力筛查工作在全国不断普及和临床听力诊断技术不断提高，越来越多的耳聋婴幼儿，特别是重度和极重度聋婴幼儿在出生后不久即可确诊。近年来，各种助听装置，如助听器、人工耳蜗技术不断提高，选配和调试方法不断改进，已有越来越多的婴幼儿使用这些助听装置获得或改善听力。早期发现、早期诊断和早期干预已成为可能。

Clinical observation of scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation for Broca's aphasia after cerebral stroke

Objective：To explore the clinical efficacy of scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation in treating Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke, for providing novel evidences for the treatment. Methods：Ninety-one eligible patients with Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Forty-six cases in the observation group were intervened by scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation, while 45 cases in the control group were treated by speech rehabilitation alone. The aphasia battery of Chinese （ABC） and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination （BDAE） were adopted to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results：After the treatment, the scores of oral expression, reading and writing and global score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （allP〈0.05）. There was a significant difference in comparing the BDAE grading between the two groups after the treatment （P〈0.05）. After intervention, the basically-recovered plus markedly-effective rate was 45.7% in the observation group versus 24.4% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion：Scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation is effective in treating Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke, and worth promoting.

Social and Political Dimensions of Communication in Grammar Instruction: What Teachers Should Contemplate

Successful language learning entails two levels of competence： adequate control of the grammatical system of the target language and ability to effectively communicate in pragmatic contexts. Espoused by the mantra of much inculcated communicative orientation in English language teaching and learning, the divination points to pedagogical trends which essentially ）ettison grammar instruction in the classroom. However, language is not merely a tool of communication but an instrument of social control, political power, and economic mobility, all of which require not only skills to ＂get your message across＂ by whatever means, but more importantly, the accurate use of and facility with language that has been codified and assessed formally by standardized tests. This paper critically examines the role of grammatical accuracy and its relation to communication in terms of social and academic functions of English and advocates a revival of currently penurious grammar instruction. Examples from both native and nonnative speakers of English are used to illustrate the interface between grammar and social and political dimensions of communication through language.