从言语心理学看外语教学

外语教学的客体是什么?是传授语言知识,还是训练听说读写的言语活动?这个问题曾经是外语教学界争论的焦点。经过争鸣和实践,多数人的认识逐渐趋向一致,认识到言语活动是外语教学的主要客体,语言体系方面的知识服从于言语活动训练的需要。自动化的言语熟巧是大量的外语言语训练的结果。苏联心理学家别利亚耶夫说:“仅有语言理论知识不足以保证掌握语言,但是在言语活动的情况下理论知识对形成熟巧能起到良好的作用。”我们要处理好语言知识和言语活动之间的关系,要以言语活动为主,但又不要忽视和贬低语言知识的作用。言语活动是一种心理现象。了解这种心理现象的实质有助于正确安排教学。

言语活动论初探

1.言语活动论是苏联当代外语教学法的理论基础 60年代初外语教改以来,苏联改用自觉实践法代替原先的自觉对比法。自觉实践法实际上是一种以改革派教学法为主体以传统派教学法为补充兼取各主要流派之长的综合法。经过二十多年的发展,至今比较成熟,此法比较全面和稳健,在处理外语教学中的一些重大关系上比较妥善,同历史上和当今一些流派相比较少片面性,既不保守,也不偏激,颇有值得我们借鉴之处。在苏联。

言语活动论概观——苏联学派心理语言学纵横

心理语言学是一门新兴的交叉边缘科学;作为独立的科学,正式形成于50年代前期。它自形成以来,发展迅速,学派林立,研究成果数量与年俱增,质量不断提高,解决语言学和心理学单门学科以前无法解决的问题,得到越来越多的人的重视。

口头禅与性格的关系

语言是心灵的反映,下意识的语言正是内心世界的真实写照.有些日本人在讲话时,往往会偏爱某一词,几乎成了口头禅(口癖).心理学专家可以根据这些口头禅做精神分析及人的性格分析.除了通过词意探求「口癖」者的潜在心理外,从节奏、语音、语感也可以判明人的性格.在言语心理学上把语音给人心理方面的某种印象叫做"语音象征".对口头禅与人的性格的关系的判断也是应用了语音象征给人的印象.

综合实践课的几个关系

现代语言学把语言分解为形式(结构)和意义(功能)两个方面,并且指出语言机制产生的基础,在于语言的每一个单位都属于语义和结构这两个彼此交叉的系列,两者互为联系,形成了语言结构和语言功能的基础。这一观点给综合实践课教学提供了理论依据,它要求我们在教学中既要注重语言形式(结构)。

On Second Language Learners＇ Lexical Competence

The paper discusses SL learners＇ lexical competence from O＇Connor＇s Five Steps of Vocabulary Acquisition Theory, Collins ＆ Loftus＇s Semantic Network Theory and Fay ＆ Cutler＇s Mental Lexicon Theory. From the discussion, the author finds that second language learners＇ lexical competence includes the following aspects： the ability to recall the words which are similar to the target words in spelling and pronunciation; the ability to recall the synonyms of the target words; the ability to recall the antonyms of the target words; and the ability to recall the related words which come together with the target words in a context. Meanwhile it advances some strategies to develop the corresponding competence.

提早作文的可行性及训练策略

一、小学生提早作文的可行性分析 关于提早作文,包含二个方面的内容:一是指低年级加强听说训练,为命题作文打好基础,其内容包括看图说话、看图写话、讲故事、听说训练课、说话课,也就是广义上的口头作文;二是指学习简短的书面作文。 1.儿童入学后就有发表欲。从言语心理学的角度看,儿童语言的发展是口语先行。儿童入学时,口语发展已达到一定的水准。入学后,当学生认识了一定数量汉字或掌握了其它表示语言的符号如拼音以后,就会出现一种“发表欲”的萌芽,不少学生会自动地试着用汉字、拼音甚至图画来表达他们的思想,写出他们的所见所闻。因此,面对儿童言语发展的这一特点。

On College English lexical teaching

Vocabulary is a fundamental element of a language. It undertakes the task of conveying semantic meanings. And it guarantees the implement of language communication. Thus, accumulation of a certain amount of vocabulary and the master of proper use of them is the essential condition of skillful employment of a language. The current lexical teaching in College English is far from satisfaction. Based on the findings of psycholinguistic research, this paper intends to explore an effective way to help the students enlarge their vocabulary and use them correctly with the help of various psychological associations with English vocabulary through analysis of some lexical mistakes committed in students＇ daily writing exercises.

How to Apply Humanistic Psychology to Establish an Effective Emotional Class Climate in China

To enhance students＇ all-around development and personal potential is the main purpose that teachers want to obtain in their teachings. The author believes that it can be achieved only in a relaxed and safe class atmosphere. The article introduces the humanistic psychology and illustrates how to apply humanistic psychology to the foreign language class and establish an effective emotional class climate in China.

What Is Going on in the Minds of Translators？ A Review of Studies on Translation Process

Border areas have provided significant new research questions as well as fruitful insights and hypotheses. The cognitive and neuropsychologic study of translation process is a good example of this kind. This paper has surveyed various researches on translation process. Studies related to ＂the black box of translation＂ are divided into two categories, i.e., studies adopting think-aloud protocols, and studies from the physiology and neuroscientific perspectives. It has been noted that those studies on translation process have made some progress in the past years Firstly, the participants have undergone a change from language learners to professional translators or interpreters Secondly, the purposes of the studies have a tendency of gradually becoming specific. Thirdly, more rigorous methodologies have been developed, with more and more new technological approaches being applied

Perspectives of Chunk Analyses

This paper reviews three main perspectives of chunk analyses： traditional phraseological, psycholinguistic, and corpus linguistic perspectives. Traditional phraseological perspective focuses on syntactic and semantic aspects of chunks and its most important criteria of chunk identifications and classifications are compositionality and frozenness/fixedness. Psycholinguistic perspective focuses on the psychological salience of chunks and its most important criterion of identifying a chunk is whether it is processed as a whole unit. Corpus linguistic perspective focuses on frequencies of chunks and its identification of chunks is done on the basis of frequency counts. All of the three perspectives have tapped into the phenomenon of multi-word combinations and yielded fruitful findings on the use of chunks in aspects of quantitative, syntactic, semantic, functional, and psychological features; however, each has their pros and cons

The Application of the Psychological Linguistics Theory in College English Reading Teaching

The training of reading skill is the focal point of college English teaching. Psychological linguistics provides a new point of view for college English teaching. From the aspect of psychological linguistics theory this paper discusses some issues, including how to train students to complete the reading process independently, how to build the schema to achieve integrated discourse comprehension, how to choose the most appropriate reading model, in order to improve the English reading skill and provide some enlightenment for college English reading teaching.

The Significance of Image Schema in Embodied Cognition

As a recurring pattern of sensory-motor-affective experience, image schema is not only a concept discussed in linguistics and psychology, but also a significant one in the study of embodied cognition. Through analyzing the features of image schema considered by the authors as embodiment, recessiveness, sedimentation, logicality, scientificity, and dependency to cognitive metaphors and reviewing the definition of embodied cognition, the paper argues that image schema is an integration of bodily property and mental property, and accordingly a core and inseparable concept of embodied cognition by bridging body and mind. Image schema can help to explain how abstraction and inference generate from body-environment interactions, thus making the theory of embodied cognition more persuasive and reliable.

Language Learner Motivation Related Theoretical Framework

Interest in studying individual differences （IDs） is driven by a trend characteristic of educational psychology in general and of second language acquisition （SLA） research in particular. Language learning motivation and self-determination theory （SDT） and an SDT-sub theory framework termed cognitive evaluation theory （CET） are reviewed in this article.

Paradigm Shifts in Translation Studies： Focus on Linguistic, Cultural, Social and Psychological Turns

Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn＇s paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn （1970）, paradigm originates from one or some famous people＇s achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies （TS）, to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.

English Teachers＇ Classroom Verbal Strategy in the Dialogue Teaching

The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learning through conversation and listening. One of the marked differences between dialogue teaching and traditional teaching is that dialogue teaching highlights the essence of the teaching process of communication and cooperation. At the same time dialogue teaching is based on students＇ psychological demand, which makes the teaching full of strong emotion. Using the dialogue teaching as the background, this paper mainly provides the guiding principles and practical advice for the teachers＇ classroom language strategies so as to achieve more effective teaching effect.

Ethics and Its Relations With Education and Research

Brazilian studies in （Critical） Applied Linguistics＇ field have being carried out focusing on ethics. They focused on the relation between ethics and two main contexts： education and research. This paper aims at discussing what ethical procedures were taken in international studies. The data were collected at ERIC （Educational Resources Information Centre） database during the first semester of 2016. As analytical categories, we used the ethical procedures established by Brazilian Applied Linguists. The contribution is addressed to both BAL and International Applied Linguists once it offers an overview about a specific topic of research （viz., ethics）. As results, we observed that most of the topics presented by the Brazilian applied linguists were also covered by the research analyses. However, the social relevance was not reported properly by the data and that may be improved.

Skills of English Vocabulary Teaching in Middle School

Words are the basic material of language. Vocabulary is one of the important standards for measuring English levels. Mastering a certain amount of vocabulary is the key to learning English well. However, the obstructions of learning vocabulary still exist. According to students＇ psychological features, the author discusses fresh and flexible ways of English vocabulary teaching. It makes vocabulary teaching vivid and easy to understand and memorize. This paper discusses some methods that how the teachers learn to teach words and how the students learn to grasp words, which based on the importance and the current situation of vocabulary teaching in middle school.

Two Main Linguistic and Semantic Approach in Islamic Theologoical Tradition

Theology is one of the main areas in which linguistics and semantics take up a significant space. The same issue also appears in the Islamic theological works known ＂kalam＂. There are two main semantical approaches regarding the theological doctrines in the Islamic thought. However the theological reasons are the primary aims in these semantical works, but they include serious philosophical and linguistic content. One of them is the main Islamic strand （orthodox Islam） represented by some astonishing Islamic scholars such as Ici, Guwaini, Sahristani, Ghazali, and Razi. According to this tradition, meaning is an inner state and a state of mind which is specified by the intent of the interlocutor or the author. The utterances have only an instrumentel role in speech. This approach can also be compared to the primary semantic view ranging from Aristotele to P. Grice---with some variations in the Western philosophical tradition. The second thesis is argued by the Mu＇tazili sect who are called Islamic rationalists that objected to Ahl us-Sunnah in their prominent ideas. From Mu＇tazila＇s point of view meaning should only be looked for among linguistic facts. There is no intentional content in the mind before the utterances. Meaning is produced within the structure of language itself and the conventional social context. In other words, meaning is nothing but the usage of the language, These two approaches also mean that there is going to arise different forms of interpretation in the theological perception. The aforementioned approach carries similarities with the approaches of Western thinkers like Wittgenstein and his followers. In this paper, the author deal with these two theological approaches by focusing on their linguistic and semantic views and comparing them with some modem western theories.

Gait Recorded by Smart Phone Can Reveal Your Emotion

So far,a lot of scientific studies have been carried out on nonverbal signals,which are considered as extrinsic expression of human’s intrapsychic state.Among them,emotion detection aims to automatically determine a person’s affective state,with immense potentials in many areas from health care,psychological detection to human-computer interaction.Traditional emotion detection is based on expressions,or linguistic and acoustic features in speech.However,