言语流畅度评价刍论

言语流畅度评价刍论中央教育科学研究所徐方一、言语流畅评价研究的必要性口吃是一种很常见的言语障碍。口吃者与正常人的主要区别在于言语不流畅，说起话来结结巴巴，属于言语节奏失调。我国从五十年代初就有人从事口吃矫冶工作．至今已有四十多年的历史，可是迄今为止，...

英语语音的篇章功能

英语作为有声语言，其代表声音符号的语音模式贯穿在篇章的整个过程中。英语作为重音语言或语调语言，其节奏、语调是体现篇章语音结构和语音意义的主要因素。研究语音的篇章功能，有助于了解字符表层意义和语音深层意义的搭配。

颅内异物存留误诊1例报告

患者,男,16岁,因左额部一痿管,反复流脓半月余入院,追述病史24天前被不明飞行物击中额面部,当时意识清楚、自动体位,曾到某医院检查,CT示额骨凹陷性骨折,清创缝合,创口继发感染,形成瘘管,流脓不止。查体:T37℃,P76次/min,R24次/min,Bp16/10kPa神智清楚,自动体位,言语流利,眼球活动自如,双眼视力均为5.2,光反射灵敏,无触压痛。

Language Mirrors Culture With Speech Styles

Knowledge of the culture difference in inter-cultural communicative is of primary importance. It is so in Sino-American communication, especially in speech, one of the two means of communication through language, with the other being writing. American and Chinese, brought up in different cultures, have different speech styles. Diversity in speech styles not only involves communication through verbal speech, but also through such non-verbal acts as kinesics, proxemics, and paralinguistic elements. Here the speech styles in the two cultures, American and Chinese, are contrasted with examples from a cultural perspective.

On L2 English Learners’Formulaic Language Use and Spoken English Fluency

This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship between the English learners’ use of formulaic language and their spoken English fluency. A CCA(canonical correlation analysis) was conducted to examine the correlations between two sets of fluency variables(dependent variables) and linguistic variables of English formulaic language use(independent variables). The fluency variable set consists of:(1)temporal indices such as SR(speech rate), AR(articulation rate), MLR(mean length of run), and PTR(phonation time ratio);(2) linguistic variables of English formulaic language like F2 R(twoword formulaic sequences/run ratio, B3 R(three-word lexical bundles/run ratio), and B4 R(fourword lexical bundles/run ratio). These are calculated according to the frequency of the English formulaic language in the speech samples of the participants(n = 86) across three academic levels.The results indicate that the learners’ spoken English fluency is highly related to their use of English formulaic language. Its limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

On Impacts of Cultural Soft Power on Translation -by Analyzing Popularity of Yu Hua’s Works in US

With the emergence of the Cultural School in the 1990s, researchers began to deem that translation is inevitably associated with political tendencies and aspirations of social groups, and the relationship between source language and target language has never gone beyond politics and are always entangled with power. From political perspective, this thesis will take the popularity of Yu Hua’s works in US into account to analyze and explore how cultural soft power, has impacts on translation activities, especially translation direction and source text selection.

Important role of schemata in language communication： Based on a real case

When we communicate with others, we are about to encounter certain types of discourse, and transfer some new information. If we want to be understood correctly, we should try to connect with the schemata which exist in the participants, arousing their experienced knowledge of what we mentioned in our expression. The real sample in the thesis is a strong support to this opinion.

A Stream Pattern Matching Method for Traffic Analysis

In order to identify any traces of suspicious activities for the networks security, Network Traffic Analysis has been the basis of network security and network management. With the continued emergence of new applications and encrypted traffic, the currently available approaches can not perform well for all kinds of network data. In this paper, we propose a novel stream pattern matching technique which is not only easily deployed but also includes the advantages of different methods. The main idea is： first, defining a formal description specification, by which any series of data stream can be unambiguously descrbed by a special stream pattern; then a tree representation is constructed by parsing the stream pattern; at last, a stream pattern engine is constructed with the Non-t-mite automata （S-CG-NFA） and Bit-parallel searching algorithms. Our stream pattern analysis system has been fully prototyped on C programming language and Xilinx Vn-tex2 FPGA. The experimental results show the method could provides a high level of recognition efficiency and accuracy.

From Different Thinking Discussing the Principles of Intercultural Translation

Translation, in the traditional notion, is only a conversion between two languages, ignoring the cultural issues. In fact, the greatest difficulties translator encounter in the process is not the language, but the culture. Translation itself is a product of exchanges between different cultures. Translation is passing through a cross-cultural. In the process of language communication, people in two different countries or nationalities can communicate with each other; it not only depends on their understanding of the language itself, but also depends on their cultural understanding of language.

On preferred and dispreferred second turns in interaction

Conversation analysis （CA） is an integral part of the study of language in communication, in which preference organization is an important topic for pragmatic research. This paper makes a study of preferred and dispreferred second turns in naturally occurring interactions to show structurally expected or unexpected responses from the second parts of the adjacent pairs. The study is based on the analysis of examples of people＇s actual conversations. It is concluded that in actual conversations, the speaker may make a preferred or dispreferred answer in either marked or unmarked form according to the speaker＇s intention and conversation circumstances.

On Difference of Non-language Culture Between China and America

This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between Sino-American non-verbal communication. It contrasts and demonstrates the following aspects： specific body language, time language, space language and paralanguage. It puts forward some effective strategies, namely, how to get deeper acquaintance with non-verbal communication, how to strengthen cultural mastery and develop the cross-cultural sense and open thought, how to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence. The article aims to improve the abilities of cross-cultural communication, in order to help both parties of China and America reduce misunderstandings and establish a better relationship.

Chinese and foreign film and TV drama translation from the perspective of cross cultural communication

. Chinese and foreign film and cultural exchanges, the translation is necessary to ensure the realization of information across language barriers to effective communication. Particularity TV drama text language determines the TV drama translation from other forms of translation particularity. According to the analysis of the speci？ c case, we discussed the basics of film and television drama translation. In recent years, foreign film and television works more and more popular in China, Subtitling received more attention. Filmography is an important medium for intercultural communication that subtitling has a very important role in cross-cultural communication. By analyzing the subtitle translation of particularity, we propose the appropriate translation approach. News translation is an interlingual intercultural communication activities and news translation there are a lot of cultural barriers that improper handling will seriously affect the effect of news media, and even misleading. News translator should understand the source culture, and appropriate use of domesticating translation strategy interpretive translation means to overcome cultural barriers in order to achieve intercultural communication.

Communicative Ability and Cross-cultural Competence in China＇s English Teaching

Traditional grammar-translation ：method in China＇s English teaching has long been putting emphasis on the teaching of linguistic knowledge. It is no doubt that it has got many achievements. However, it has produced many bad byproducts as well. For instance, it may produce some students who are good in grammatical achievements but lacking in responding to the actual situation. Therefore linguistic knowledge is not the whole field that English teaching should touch upon. Inducing from two instances, this article presents the importance of communicative ability and cross-cultural competence in China＇s English teaching, together with proper solutions.

Illocutionary Force and Translation： A Case Study of Chinese Renditions of The Merry Wives of Windsor

This research seeks to contribute to translation studies by examining the illocutionary force of the speech act theory. It identifies two senses of illocutionary force： The active function of language is defined as lFl and the varying degrees of the strength of the speech act are defined as IF2. The implications of the two senses ofillocutionary force for translation studies are discussed in a case study of the translation of directives in Chinese versions of Shakespeare＇s play, The Merry Wives of Windsor. Translation shifts in transferring IF2, as manifested in pragmatic duality features of directness/indirectness, tone articles, repetition of verbs, action measure verbs, upgrader ＂,给我＂ and honorific addressing terms and vocatives are discussed. The notion＇s potential as a criterion to evaluate translation quality is also explored.

The Language of Food and Intercultural Exchanges and Relationships

The article discusses the role of food as an instrument of identity and a channel of contact through cultures. This is discussed drawing from three cases of Italian food culture hybridization spanning from the early 20th century to the first decade of the 2000s： the role of Italian food in Italian-American identity as depicted in Leonardo Coviello＇s work, the meeting of Southern and Northern food cultures following the Italian internal migrations in the 50s and 60s, the food practices of international migrants in the context of the global flows of people and commodities in present day Italy. In this regard, food plays an essential role in the rebuilding of a familiar context in which migrants can feel temporarily ＂at home＂. At the same time, food is an important form of communication and contact between different cultures and social contexts. In this process of exchange both migrants＇ and hosts＇ food habits and diets are modified as they incorporate elements and ingredients from each other, making boundaries more porous.

On the teaching content of Language and Culture

To cultivate English majors＇ culture awareness and improve their English integrated competence, this paper clarifies the reasons and the choice of the content for the teaching of Language and Culture. The results of the teaching and the investigation conducted by the author show that the choice of the teaching materials and the topics for the class must be included in the teaching plan. Besides, this paper also probed into the most difficult topic, the easiest topic, the topics that need to be explained more and the topics that need to be explained less in class; and the similarity and differences of the teaching contents for students in different grades are also analyzed. In the end, proper sources of the comparison of English and Chinese languages and cultures are revealed in order to enlarge students＇ knowledge and improve their competence in using English.

Differences between Chinese and Western Culture in Business English Teaching

In the 21st century, with gradually accelerating process of globalization, international exchanges are increasingly frequent. We should understand that within the range of the same cultural context, people have little difficulties in communicating with others; however, if we use the same way to treat the one who is under other cultural backgrounds, they tend to have misunderstanding or confliction, affecting the interaction and communication and causing undue loss. Business English translation is communication process and tools held between people speaking different languages to conduct commercial communication. Culture is a factor in translation that cannot be ignored, different nations have different historical backgrounds, manners, customs, cultural traditions, therefore, business English translation must understand the cultural differences between China and the West, and tried to make these differences disappear in the interpretation process and find the exact words in the target language, so exotic cultural can represented in the target language.

Language base of university courses scenery creation

This paper provides a students＇ mode of artistic creativity where we should pay attention to in the landscape painting. It initially introduces the art of creative training methods, learning from nature to produce landscapes of methods, which are well-known empirical basis for this style genre painter and artistic ideas on the formation process. It points out that the law of the session and the composition sketch pursued in university education in landscape creation, meanwhile, it talks about many of the same problems encountered in the creation of light and dark scenery in teaching college students ; in this article, it highlights painting features, and the genre and landscape aesthetic style, such as the relationship of the ability to use artistic language.

Metaphor Competence for Second Language Learners

This paper shows that metaphoric competence depends heavily on the psychological processes of associative recognition and analogical reasoning, and that to form interactive mental image can activate these psychological processes. Students＇ cognitive styles were found to affect their tendency and ability to use these strategies. Students can be trained to use metaphoric strategy, just as to use grammar rules, to help them in second language studies.