我国言语-语言障碍康复现状及发展策略

在我国，言语-语言障碍康复是一门新兴的学科和行业。本文从言语、语言障碍的定义、分类出发，分析了目前我国言语语言康复需求与供给间的巨大差距。人才培养方面，涉及该学科人才培养的高校仅有11所；科研方面，以满足基本生命需求的吞咽障碍研究为主，而为提高生活质量、增强语言沟通能力的研究比重则较少，导致整体言语语言康复水平偏低。为此，笔者提出三条发展策略：在人才培养方面，应职前培养和职后培训双线并行；在康复服务方面，应发展康复技术，以缓解康复服务人员不足；在康复质量保障方面，应建立独立的职业认证体系，保证该职业的良性发展。

言语-语言障碍洽疗专业人才培养模式研究

加大言语-语言障碍治疗专业人才培养力度，对于听障儿童的全面康复具有重要意义。本文在介绍美国言语治疗师培养模式的基础上，结合我国当前言语病理学专业和言语一语言障碍治疗专业人才培养现状，笔者提出通过短期培训、编写相关教材、合作办学等途径培养我国言语-语言障碍治疗相关人才的建议。

Visualizing Aphasia in Linguistics From 2000 to 2019

This paper aims to visualize the research of aphasia from a linguistic perspective for the two decades from 2000 to 2019,identifying the changes in research focus and the future emerging trends of aphasia studies in linguistics.Applying the bibliometric approach,the present study reviewed 3,004 publications with the topic word“aphasia”in the framework of linguistics.The dataset was created from the Web of Science database ranging from 2000 to 2019.Using the CiteSpace tool,document co-citation analysis,betweenness centrality(BC)measurement and citation burst detection were conducted to explore and determine the thematic patterns,critical studies,and emerging trends of this knowledge domain.Twelve thematic patterns in these two decades were identified,indicating that researchers have focused on language impairment in aphasia,aphasia therapy and other topics associated with aphasia.Meanwhile,papers with high BC reveal the connections among different research clusters.In addition,bursts of detected citations demonstrate that treatment aiming at the enhanced quality of daily life,the utilization of discourse tasks and treatments at the discourse level,deeper exploration of primary progressive aphasia in terms of clinical data and the application of working memory assessment,and the role of working memory(WM)training in rehabilitation will possibly attract more attention in the future.On the basis of the cluster landscape,BC and citation bursts,the review found that scholars paid extensive attention to the alleviation of communication deficits in the linguistic exploration of aphasia.

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Motor Speech Disorders:A Scientific Review(2000-2019)

This review visualizes the knowledge domain of motor speech disorders(MSDs) in linguistics between 2000 and 2019 by means of scientometric methods. With topic searches, the study collected 869 bibliographic records and 20, 411 references from Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) of Thomson Reuter. The clustered and visualized document co-citation network of the MSDs knowledge domain in CiteSpace identifies 15 research foci in different periods, including apraxia of speech, acoustics, children, technology, aphemia, childhood apraxia of speech, primary progressive aphasia, speech motor delay, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rhythm,foreign accent syndrome, phonation, phonological awareness, dose and speech perception.Revolving around linguistics, these foci could be divided into studies on speech characteristics of MSDs in terms of phonology and phonetics, remedies for MSDs in terms of neurolinguistics and acoustic phonetics, dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases based on pathological linguistics,subtypes of apraxia of speech, methods of MSDs based on auditory phonetics and a newly recognized subtype of MSDs. Meanwhile, the emerging trends of MSDs in linguistics are detected by the analysis of reference citation bursts, suggesting growing research in remedies for MSDs with the focus on assessments and effectiveness of treatments, speech characteristics and indexes of dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases and assistance to diagnose apraxia of speech. To sum up, the review has indicated that the acoustic measures to assess MSDs and acoustic remedies for dysarthria may not only be the past foci but also be future trends.

Speech Disorders of Aphasia

Disorders of speech and communication that affect the elderly population may result from stroke, cancer, disease of the larynx, Parkinson＇s disease, or other neurological disorders. They vary widely and include difficulty speaking and understanding verbal and/or written information. In many cases, the effects of speech impairments may be overwhelming and frustrating for the patient and caregiver. This paper presents the definition, causes, and classification of aphasia. We have a better understanding of aphasia from the perspectives of phonological disorders, syntactic disorders, and pragmatic disorders. As the study of aphasia and linguistics are closely related, a combination of them will make the study of aphasia more accurate.

Clinical observation of scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation for Broca's aphasia after cerebral stroke

Objective：To explore the clinical efficacy of scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation in treating Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke, for providing novel evidences for the treatment. Methods：Ninety-one eligible patients with Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Forty-six cases in the observation group were intervened by scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation, while 45 cases in the control group were treated by speech rehabilitation alone. The aphasia battery of Chinese （ABC） and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination （BDAE） were adopted to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results：After the treatment, the scores of oral expression, reading and writing and global score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （allP〈0.05）. There was a significant difference in comparing the BDAE grading between the two groups after the treatment （P〈0.05）. After intervention, the basically-recovered plus markedly-effective rate was 45.7% in the observation group versus 24.4% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion：Scalp acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation is effective in treating Broca＆#39;s aphasia after cerebral stroke, and worth promoting.