More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short p...More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology,The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal a...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology,The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time perjod.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the joural are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （ineluding those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue ）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journ...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are gratful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
GENERAL INFORMATION Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liver diseases, etc., from all over the world are we...GENERAL INFORMATION Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liver diseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition that they have not been published previously and have not been submitted simultaneously elsewhere.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluation the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
The ＂Pictorial＂ or ＂Iconic Turn＂ is a central issue in the contemporary theory of images and visual cultural studies. Should the theories concerning the ＂Iconic Turn＂ and formulated in the last 20 years by schol...The ＂Pictorial＂ or ＂Iconic Turn＂ is a central issue in the contemporary theory of images and visual cultural studies. Should the theories concerning the ＂Iconic Turn＂ and formulated in the last 20 years by scholars such as Gottfried Boehm, William Mitchell, Hans Belting be taken as critical theories of crisis？ Is the currently experienced ＂turn towards images＂ （and their progressive rehabilitation after a long standing philosophical and theological rejection） a sign and symptom of some crisis of people＇s relation with images, language and, generally speaking, with the representation forms of reality？ The main hypothesis of this essay envisages two sets of problems： first, the analysis of the relation between the possible idea of turning point and the concept of crisis; secondly, the thorough investigation of the relation connecting the iconic turn to the project of ＂critical iconology＂ or ＂critique of visual culture,＂ as outlined by Hans Belting and William Mitchell. From the interpretation of the ＂Iconic Turn＂ as situation of crisis and aesthetic, anthropological, and epistemological transformation follows the need for the sciences of image to provide a ＂critical iconology＂ in order to be able to theoretically reformulate the ideological and political presuppositions of some dominant contemporary forms of visual representation.展开更多
Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with t...Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with the potentiality of multiple choices. Thereafter, reductive deliberation is led by determinism to the final decision, which realises only one of the potential choices. The reductive deliberation phase tries to find out the best alternative and simultaneously satisfying vague motivations, contextual conditions and personal preferences. The essential sense of free will is the introduction of personal preferences, which allows a higher diversity of reactions to vague motivations. With an oversimplified model of determinism as a chain of events, incompatibilists define ＂free＂ as ＂undetermined＂ so that determinism becomes incompatible with any free choice between alternatives. In consciousness, free will requires a more complex model of network determinism as well as the consideration of unconsciousness as a causal factor. When ＂free＂ defined as ＂undetermined＂ is applied to the context of consciousness, it should be reinterpreted as ＂unconscious of being determined＂ or not aware of underlying determinism. Lacking information on determinism generates a feeling of ＂free＂ in consciousness and, therefore, gives the impression of indeterminism. Lacking information may be induced by an uncertain future without determined events--an unconscious past with biological reactions suddenly emerging from the unconsciousness or an unknown present unable to distinguish determinism of complex events. Therefore, at the level of human consciousness, the experience of free will is associated with apparent indeterminism although it is based on unconscious determinism. The concepts of compatibilism and incompatibilism are only two different aspects of the same phenomenon and correspond to consciousness and unconsciousness. Nevertheless, they can be considered together with a free will concept based on relativity depending on two different reference frames--the first person＇s experience frame or the Laplace＇s demon frame with knowledge on every molecule of the universe. Only relativity of the free will concept avoids the contradiction between ＂free＂ and ＂unfree＂ for the same phenomenon and could be a compromise for considering compatibilism and incompatibilism equally.展开更多
The peer review policy of the World Journal of Gastroenterology （WJG） states that all articles received are subjected to peer review. Normally, three experts are invited to review each article. Decision for acceptan...The peer review policy of the World Journal of Gastroenterology （WJG） states that all articles received are subjected to peer review. Normally, three experts are invited to review each article. Decision for acceptance is made only when at least two experts recommend. Otherwise, the article is rejected. This is to ensure that high standards are maintained and the work is original. In medical sciences, there is a tendency for work to be incremental, ideas being developed gradually, with major breakthroughs being relatively rare. Consequently there tends to be significant overlap in which a field already investigated is researched from a different angle or using alternative methods.展开更多
Amphioctopus fangsiao is one of the most economically important species and has been considered to be a candidate for aquaculture. In order to facilitate its fine-scale genetic analyses, we constructed a normalized fu...Amphioctopus fangsiao is one of the most economically important species and has been considered to be a candidate for aquaculture. In order to facilitate its fine-scale genetic analyses, we constructed a normalized full-length library successfully and developed a set of microsatellite markers in this study. The normalized full-length library had a storage capacity of 6.9×105 independent clones. The recombination efficiency was 95% and the average size of inserted fragments was longer than 1000 bp. A total of 3440 high quality ESTs were obtained, which were assembled into 1803 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 450(25%) were assigned into 33 Gene Ontology terms, 576(31.9%) into 153 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and 275(15.3%) into 22 Clusters of Orthologous Groups. Seventy-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.167 and 0.967 and between 0.326 and 0.944, respectively. Twelve loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction and no linkage disequilibrium was found between different loci. This study provided not only a useful resource for the isolation of the functional genes, but also a set of informative microsatellites for the assessment of population structure and conservation genetics of A. fangsiao.展开更多
Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the con...Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the controversial issue whether a human being possesses free will to make free choices or is determined. It is the stance of this study that if one does not have free will then one cannot be morally responsible for one＇s actions and consequently praise and blame would then have no value. The paper, therefore, is of the view that notwithstanding the many bonds within which they live, humans, with their special dignity, have free will that operate within the respective constraints set by the bonds of human life. Furthermore, since morality involves good and bad, the paper asserts that for an act to be designated as morally good or bad, it implies that the agent was free to perform the said act or do otherwise to merit praise or blame respectively. Thus, for human freedom to be significant, it must be responsible.展开更多
Clinical DataCase selection: 100 cases who met thediagnostic criteria of senile dementiaformulated by American Association ofPsychiatry in Handbook of Diagnosis andStatistics (DSM-Ⅲ-R, 3rd revised edition)
文摘More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology,The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time perjod.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the joural are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （ineluding those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue ）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are gratful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liver diseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition that they have not been published previously and have not been submitted simultaneously elsewhere.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluation the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘The ＂Pictorial＂ or ＂Iconic Turn＂ is a central issue in the contemporary theory of images and visual cultural studies. Should the theories concerning the ＂Iconic Turn＂ and formulated in the last 20 years by scholars such as Gottfried Boehm, William Mitchell, Hans Belting be taken as critical theories of crisis？ Is the currently experienced ＂turn towards images＂ （and their progressive rehabilitation after a long standing philosophical and theological rejection） a sign and symptom of some crisis of people＇s relation with images, language and, generally speaking, with the representation forms of reality？ The main hypothesis of this essay envisages two sets of problems： first, the analysis of the relation between the possible idea of turning point and the concept of crisis; secondly, the thorough investigation of the relation connecting the iconic turn to the project of ＂critical iconology＂ or ＂critique of visual culture,＂ as outlined by Hans Belting and William Mitchell. From the interpretation of the ＂Iconic Turn＂ as situation of crisis and aesthetic, anthropological, and epistemological transformation follows the need for the sciences of image to provide a ＂critical iconology＂ in order to be able to theoretically reformulate the ideological and political presuppositions of some dominant contemporary forms of visual representation.
文摘Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with the potentiality of multiple choices. Thereafter, reductive deliberation is led by determinism to the final decision, which realises only one of the potential choices. The reductive deliberation phase tries to find out the best alternative and simultaneously satisfying vague motivations, contextual conditions and personal preferences. The essential sense of free will is the introduction of personal preferences, which allows a higher diversity of reactions to vague motivations. With an oversimplified model of determinism as a chain of events, incompatibilists define ＂free＂ as ＂undetermined＂ so that determinism becomes incompatible with any free choice between alternatives. In consciousness, free will requires a more complex model of network determinism as well as the consideration of unconsciousness as a causal factor. When ＂free＂ defined as ＂undetermined＂ is applied to the context of consciousness, it should be reinterpreted as ＂unconscious of being determined＂ or not aware of underlying determinism. Lacking information on determinism generates a feeling of ＂free＂ in consciousness and, therefore, gives the impression of indeterminism. Lacking information may be induced by an uncertain future without determined events--an unconscious past with biological reactions suddenly emerging from the unconsciousness or an unknown present unable to distinguish determinism of complex events. Therefore, at the level of human consciousness, the experience of free will is associated with apparent indeterminism although it is based on unconscious determinism. The concepts of compatibilism and incompatibilism are only two different aspects of the same phenomenon and correspond to consciousness and unconsciousness. Nevertheless, they can be considered together with a free will concept based on relativity depending on two different reference frames--the first person＇s experience frame or the Laplace＇s demon frame with knowledge on every molecule of the universe. Only relativity of the free will concept avoids the contradiction between ＂free＂ and ＂unfree＂ for the same phenomenon and could be a compromise for considering compatibilism and incompatibilism equally.
文摘The peer review policy of the World Journal of Gastroenterology （WJG） states that all articles received are subjected to peer review. Normally, three experts are invited to review each article. Decision for acceptance is made only when at least two experts recommend. Otherwise, the article is rejected. This is to ensure that high standards are maintained and the work is original. In medical sciences, there is a tendency for work to be incremental, ideas being developed gradually, with major breakthroughs being relatively rare. Consequently there tends to be significant overlap in which a field already investigated is researched from a different angle or using alternative methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31302215, 31272643)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Nos. BS2014NY010, ZR2013CQ030)the Shandong Provincial Primary Research and Development Projects (No. 2015GNC110017)
文摘Amphioctopus fangsiao is one of the most economically important species and has been considered to be a candidate for aquaculture. In order to facilitate its fine-scale genetic analyses, we constructed a normalized full-length library successfully and developed a set of microsatellite markers in this study. The normalized full-length library had a storage capacity of 6.9×105 independent clones. The recombination efficiency was 95% and the average size of inserted fragments was longer than 1000 bp. A total of 3440 high quality ESTs were obtained, which were assembled into 1803 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 450(25%) were assigned into 33 Gene Ontology terms, 576(31.9%) into 153 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and 275(15.3%) into 22 Clusters of Orthologous Groups. Seventy-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.167 and 0.967 and between 0.326 and 0.944, respectively. Twelve loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction and no linkage disequilibrium was found between different loci. This study provided not only a useful resource for the isolation of the functional genes, but also a set of informative microsatellites for the assessment of population structure and conservation genetics of A. fangsiao.
文摘Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the controversial issue whether a human being possesses free will to make free choices or is determined. It is the stance of this study that if one does not have free will then one cannot be morally responsible for one＇s actions and consequently praise and blame would then have no value. The paper, therefore, is of the view that notwithstanding the many bonds within which they live, humans, with their special dignity, have free will that operate within the respective constraints set by the bonds of human life. Furthermore, since morality involves good and bad, the paper asserts that for an act to be designated as morally good or bad, it implies that the agent was free to perform the said act or do otherwise to merit praise or blame respectively. Thus, for human freedom to be significant, it must be responsible.
文摘Clinical DataCase selection: 100 cases who met thediagnostic criteria of senile dementiaformulated by American Association ofPsychiatry in Handbook of Diagnosis andStatistics (DSM-Ⅲ-R, 3rd revised edition)
