To better assimilate Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder(ATOVS) radiance data and provide more accurate initial fields for a numerical model,two bias correction schemes are employed to correct the ATOVS radian...To better assimilate Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder(ATOVS) radiance data and provide more accurate initial fields for a numerical model,two bias correction schemes are employed to correct the ATOVS radiance data.The difference in the two schemes lies in the predictors use in air-mass bias correction.The predictors used in SCHEME 1 are all obtained from model first-guess,while those in SCHEME 2 are from model first-guess and radiance observations.The results from the two schemes show that after bias correction,the observation residual became smaller and closer to a Gaussian distribution.For both land and ocean data sets,the results obtained from SCHEME 1 are similar to those from SCHEME 2,which indicates that the predictors could be used in bias correction of ATOVS data.展开更多
MTP(Management Training Program)风行企业界已有50余年历史,现今已被翻译成六种语言,并经多次修订改版,目前已到第11版。MTP的精髓主要强调如何从人性的角度来处理人的问题,而非过去科学管理强调的把人当作工具使用,也就是我国近年来...MTP(Management Training Program)风行企业界已有50余年历史,现今已被翻译成六种语言,并经多次修订改版,目前已到第11版。MTP的精髓主要强调如何从人性的角度来处理人的问题,而非过去科学管理强调的把人当作工具使用,也就是我国近年来极力提倡的“以人为本”的管理理念。其主要内容是从实务面让学员了解和体会管理的原理、原则及如何应用,特别是提醒与教导管理者要以科学的方法来处理日常的管理,以达到管理的人性化与合理化。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875021, 40930951)Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences ( KZCX2-YW-Q03-3)
文摘To better assimilate Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder(ATOVS) radiance data and provide more accurate initial fields for a numerical model,two bias correction schemes are employed to correct the ATOVS radiance data.The difference in the two schemes lies in the predictors use in air-mass bias correction.The predictors used in SCHEME 1 are all obtained from model first-guess,while those in SCHEME 2 are from model first-guess and radiance observations.The results from the two schemes show that after bias correction,the observation residual became smaller and closer to a Gaussian distribution.For both land and ocean data sets,the results obtained from SCHEME 1 are similar to those from SCHEME 2,which indicates that the predictors could be used in bias correction of ATOVS data.
文摘MTP(Management Training Program)风行企业界已有50余年历史,现今已被翻译成六种语言,并经多次修订改版,目前已到第11版。MTP的精髓主要强调如何从人性的角度来处理人的问题,而非过去科学管理强调的把人当作工具使用,也就是我国近年来极力提倡的“以人为本”的管理理念。其主要内容是从实务面让学员了解和体会管理的原理、原则及如何应用,特别是提醒与教导管理者要以科学的方法来处理日常的管理,以达到管理的人性化与合理化。
