SAP(Systems Applications and Productsin Data Processing)是一个基于客户或服务机构的开放系统,该系统有机结合企业资源计划系统,涵盖营销、项目管理、后勤、生产、人力资源管理、财务等方面内容,利于促进企业的发展。文章对SAPERP...SAP(Systems Applications and Productsin Data Processing)是一个基于客户或服务机构的开放系统,该系统有机结合企业资源计划系统,涵盖营销、项目管理、后勤、生产、人力资源管理、财务等方面内容,利于促进企业的发展。文章对SAPERP系统进行论述,包括SAPERP系统的概念、ERP系统对企业内部控制的影响、ERP环境中完善企业内部控制的有效策略等。为了更好的诠释SAPERP系统下制造费用计划分配率的制定与应用,以A公司为例,论述A公司使用德国SAP公司ERP系统进行企业管理过程中如何制定制造费用的计划分配率,以及如何将制定好的制造费用计划分配率运用于产品成本的核算。展开更多
To reduce energy consumption while maintaining users＇ Quality of Service （QoS） in Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul- tiplex Access （OFDMA） relay-enhanced net- works, an adaptive energy saving subcarrier, bit and ...To reduce energy consumption while maintaining users＇ Quality of Service （QoS） in Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul- tiplex Access （OFDMA） relay-enhanced net- works, an adaptive energy saving subcarrier, bit and power allocation scheme is presented. The optimal subcarrier, bit and power alloca- tion problems based on discrete adaptive modula- tion and coding scheme have been previously formulated for relay-enhanced networks, and have been reformulated into and solved by integer programming in optimization theory. If the system still has a surplus of subcarriers after resource allocation, we carry out Band- width Exchange （BE） to enable more subcar- riers to participate in transmission to save en- ergy. In addition, as the relay selection scheme is closely linked with heuristic energy saving resource allocation, a relay selection scheme is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm consumes less energy when transmitting the same number of bits than greedy energy saving schemes, although its spectrum efficiency is worse.展开更多
文摘SAP(Systems Applications and Productsin Data Processing)是一个基于客户或服务机构的开放系统,该系统有机结合企业资源计划系统,涵盖营销、项目管理、后勤、生产、人力资源管理、财务等方面内容,利于促进企业的发展。文章对SAPERP系统进行论述,包括SAPERP系统的概念、ERP系统对企业内部控制的影响、ERP环境中完善企业内部控制的有效策略等。为了更好的诠释SAPERP系统下制造费用计划分配率的制定与应用,以A公司为例,论述A公司使用德国SAP公司ERP系统进行企业管理过程中如何制定制造费用的计划分配率,以及如何将制定好的制造费用计划分配率运用于产品成本的核算。
基金supported partially by the 973 Program under Grant No. 2012CB316100National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61071108, No. 61032002the Central Universities Basic Scientific Research Special Fund under Grant No.SWJTU12CX097
文摘To reduce energy consumption while maintaining users＇ Quality of Service （QoS） in Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul- tiplex Access （OFDMA） relay-enhanced net- works, an adaptive energy saving subcarrier, bit and power allocation scheme is presented. The optimal subcarrier, bit and power alloca- tion problems based on discrete adaptive modula- tion and coding scheme have been previously formulated for relay-enhanced networks, and have been reformulated into and solved by integer programming in optimization theory. If the system still has a surplus of subcarriers after resource allocation, we carry out Band- width Exchange （BE） to enable more subcar- riers to participate in transmission to save en- ergy. In addition, as the relay selection scheme is closely linked with heuristic energy saving resource allocation, a relay selection scheme is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm consumes less energy when transmitting the same number of bits than greedy energy saving schemes, although its spectrum efficiency is worse.
