生物监视是生物威胁预警中的关键环节。成功的生物监视能对潜在的生物威胁做出准确的提前预判,对做出及时有效的应对决策至关重要。本文拟对美国生物监视计划的发展历程做一全面而深入的探究。文章梳理了自生物监视计划启动以来,从第一...生物监视是生物威胁预警中的关键环节。成功的生物监视能对潜在的生物威胁做出准确的提前预判,对做出及时有效的应对决策至关重要。本文拟对美国生物监视计划的发展历程做一全面而深入的探究。文章梳理了自生物监视计划启动以来,从第一、二代到第三代系统,再到生物探测技术提升计划,直至21世纪生物探测计划(Biological Detection for the 21st Century,BD21)这一发展过程中不断转型、升级的原因,深入比较了各代计划的优劣势,详细分析了当下BD21建设面临的挑战,并对其未来可能的发展前景有所预判。文章认为,该计划在发展过程中尽管历经坎坷,且当前依然存在诸多不成熟之处,然而作为当今世界上最先进的生物预警手段,在生物危机可能性日益加大的时代背景下依然具有极高的价值。美国政府自始至终对其持坚定支持态度,其发展前景较为乐观。鉴于此,我国应对该计划的未来进展保持高度关注。此外,该计划发展过程中内部监督的不足与外部监督的充分也值得借鉴。展开更多
A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,...A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,it includes part of SSSI No.8 adjacent to the area but outside of the glacial drainage basin.Three stations and six refuges are located in the area.Using a SPOT satellite image map,the limits of the ASMA are marked and its area is re_calculated.It consists of 362 km 2,including 186 km 2 island ice field and small cirque glaciers and 32 km 2 ice_free field.The rest comprises water of the bay and a small adjacent area (8 km 2) of the Bransfield Strait.The ASMA_GIS will consists of 12 data layers ranging from the physiographic settings to the biological and administrative features.All data will be implemented into Arc/Info GIS according to the cartographic guidelines of the SCAR WG_GGI.First,five plans of information will be realised using a topographic database compiled from various sources and data from the revised bathymetric chart published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Survey and also including: 1) Limits of the ASMA and protected areas;2) Glaciological features (e.g.drainage basin limits) and 3) Human presence (e.g.stations and historical sites).These basic GIS layers will be operational in early 2001.Then,additional data on the remaining layers (e.g.hydrology,geology and geomorphology) will be included from published sources. The ASMA_GIS will form an important database for environmental monitoring and studies surveying temporal changes of features such as glacier front positions or bird breading sites.展开更多
文摘生物监视是生物威胁预警中的关键环节。成功的生物监视能对潜在的生物威胁做出准确的提前预判,对做出及时有效的应对决策至关重要。本文拟对美国生物监视计划的发展历程做一全面而深入的探究。文章梳理了自生物监视计划启动以来,从第一、二代到第三代系统,再到生物探测技术提升计划,直至21世纪生物探测计划(Biological Detection for the 21st Century,BD21)这一发展过程中不断转型、升级的原因,深入比较了各代计划的优劣势,详细分析了当下BD21建设面临的挑战,并对其未来可能的发展前景有所预判。文章认为,该计划在发展过程中尽管历经坎坷,且当前依然存在诸多不成熟之处,然而作为当今世界上最先进的生物预警手段,在生物危机可能性日益加大的时代背景下依然具有极高的价值。美国政府自始至终对其持坚定支持态度,其发展前景较为乐观。鉴于此,我国应对该计划的未来进展保持高度关注。此外,该计划发展过程中内部监督的不足与外部监督的充分也值得借鉴。
文摘A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,it includes part of SSSI No.8 adjacent to the area but outside of the glacial drainage basin.Three stations and six refuges are located in the area.Using a SPOT satellite image map,the limits of the ASMA are marked and its area is re_calculated.It consists of 362 km 2,including 186 km 2 island ice field and small cirque glaciers and 32 km 2 ice_free field.The rest comprises water of the bay and a small adjacent area (8 km 2) of the Bransfield Strait.The ASMA_GIS will consists of 12 data layers ranging from the physiographic settings to the biological and administrative features.All data will be implemented into Arc/Info GIS according to the cartographic guidelines of the SCAR WG_GGI.First,five plans of information will be realised using a topographic database compiled from various sources and data from the revised bathymetric chart published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Survey and also including: 1) Limits of the ASMA and protected areas;2) Glaciological features (e.g.drainage basin limits) and 3) Human presence (e.g.stations and historical sites).These basic GIS layers will be operational in early 2001.Then,additional data on the remaining layers (e.g.hydrology,geology and geomorphology) will be included from published sources. The ASMA_GIS will form an important database for environmental monitoring and studies surveying temporal changes of features such as glacier front positions or bird breading sites.
