一种基于WiFi信号的室内人员数量计数方法

针对目前基于图像的室内人员计数方法存在遮挡导致计数不准的问题以及基于红外传感器与无线传感器的室内人员计数方法存在硬件成本高、使用限制大的问题,文章提出了一种使用现有的WiFi设备进行室内人员计数的方法。通过收集室内的WiFi信号数据并提取其中的信道状态信息,网络能够学习WiFi信号变化与室内人员数量之间的映射关系并计算出室内的人员数量。由于缺乏相关的开源数据集,在自行采集到的数据集上进行试验,实验结果表明文章所提出的方法能得到较为准确的计数结果。

政党制度新探——以西方政党制度为例

比较西方两党制和多党制发现,多党制优于两党制。两党制就是两党轮流(或联合)执政,意味着,政权轮流执掌于多数公民代表和少数公民代表之手,基本符合"多数公民与少数公民共同执掌最高权力"的民主根本原则,因而是好的、应该的和具有正价值的民主政党制度。但是,两党制不是最好的民主政党制度;最好的民主政党制度是多党制。因为多党制是三个以上政党联合(或轮流)执政。这意味着,多党制与两党制有所不同:两党制是多数公民代表与第一少数公民代表轮流执政,第二少数公民以下的所有少数派都没有自己的代表执政;多党制则是多数公民代表与第一少数派以及第二少数派以下的众多少数派代表联合执政,最接近完全符合"多数公民与少数公民共同执掌最高权力"的民主根本原则,因而是最好的、最优良的民主政党制度。

Weighted approximation of functions with singularities by Bernstein operators

As an important type of polynomial approximation, approximation of functions by Bernstein operators is an important topic in approximation theory and computational theory. This paper gives global and pointwise estimates for weighted approximation of functions with singularities by Bernstein operators. The main results are the Jackson＇s estimates of functions f∈ （Wwλ）2 andre Cw, which extends the result of （Della Vecchia et al., 2004）.

General Modified Split-Step Balanced Methods for Stiff Stochastic Differential Equations

A class of general modified split-step balanced methods proposed in the paper can be applied to solve stiff stochastic differential systems with m-dimensional multiplicative noise. Compared to some other already reported split-step balanced methods, the drift increment function of the methods can be taken from any chosen ane-step ordinary differential equations （ODEs） solver. The schemes is proved to be strong convergent with order one. For the mean-square stability analysis, the investigation is confined to two cases. Some numerical experiments are reported to testify the performance and the effectiveness of the methods.

Estimation of Geodetic Parameters with VLBI Data of Last 5 Years

The meaning to research the potential of VLBI for geodetic applications is summarized. And the observation models and their related parameters of geodetic interest are investigated. Then, the principle and method of using the random model in VLBI data processing are investigated. With the world wide VLBI data from 2000-2004, the conditions to compute the parameters of geodetic interest are introduced, and so are the computing methods and processes. And the computed resuits of the parameters of geodetic interest are analyzed.

A New Statistical Tool： Scalar Score Function

The basic inference function of mathematical statistics, the score function, is a vector function. The author has introduced the scalar score, a scalar inference function, which reflects main features of a continuous probability distribution and which is simple. Its simplicity makes it possible to introduce new relevant numerical characteristics of continuous distributions. The t-mean and score variance are descriptions of distributions without the drawbacks of the mean and variance, which may not exist even in cases of regular distributions. Their sample counterparts appear to be alternative descriptions of the observed data. The scalar score itself appears to be a new mathematical tool, which could be used in solving traditional statistical problems for models far from the normal one, skewed and heavy-tailed.

Experimental Studies on Debris Flow with Logs Focusing on Specific Weight Difference of Log Species

There are many experimental approaches,field investigations and numerical calculations for movements of woods in a clear water and debris flow.However,kinematic conditions for accumulated logs and the interactions between a main flow and logs have not been fully evaluated.Mitigations for woods need taking into account the characteristics of tree species such as conifer and broad-leaf trees and of shapes such as root swells and crown.In the present study,we focus on the differences in specific weight of conifer and broad-leaf trees with some moisture in a sediment-water mixture flow with narrow flow width,and consider that conifer and broad-leaf tree are floating and submerged solid phase,respectively.Flume tests are conducted in steady flow of clear and debris flow over a rigid bed in order to evaluate conifer and broad-leaf tree movement in clear water and debris flow.Experimental data indicates that dimensionless transverse diffusion coefficient can be 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.3 to 0.9 in flow direction.Those diffusive characteristics seem to be independent of Reynolds number and Froude number,but dependent of bed slope,i.e.,gravity,though detailed considerations are needed to discuss about flow characteristics such as spatial eddy structures,momentum transfer induced by interactions of logs and so on.

Similarity measure design for high dimensional data

Information analysis of high dimensional data was carried out through similarity measure application. High dimensional data were considered as the a typical structure. Additionally, overlapped and non-overlapped data were introduced, and similarity measure analysis was also illustrated and compared with conventional similarity measure. As a result, overlapped data comparison was possible to present similarity with conventional similarity measure. Non-overlapped data similarity analysis provided the clue to solve the similarity of high dimensional data. Considering high dimensional data analysis was designed with consideration of neighborhoods information. Conservative and strict solutions were proposed. Proposed similarity measure was applied to express financial fraud among multi dimensional datasets. In illustrative example, financial fraud similarity with respect to age, gender, qualification and job was presented. And with the proposed similarity measure, high dimensional personal data were calculated to evaluate how similar to the financial fraud. Calculation results show that the actual fraud has rather high similarity measure compared to the average, from minimal 0.0609 to maximal 0.1667.

扶正解毒饮防治乳腺癌术后围化疗期骨髓抑制临床观察

目的:观察扶正解毒饮防治乳腺癌术后围化疗期骨髓抑制的临床效果。方法:将本院收治的116例乳腺癌术后围化疗期女性患者随机分为2组各58例,对照组术后采用CEF化疗方案;观察组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加用扶正解毒饮治疗,治疗3周为1个周期,连续治疗3个周期。记录骨髓抑制发生率及发生程度,分析骨髓抑制发生时间、恢复时间,监测化疗后血清白细胞数量(WBC)、血小板计数(BPC)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量水平。结果:骨髓抑制发生率观察组13.8%,对照组51.7%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组骨髓抑制出现时间较对照组晚,而骨髓抑制恢复时间较对照组早,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。化疗后观察组WBC、BPC、Hb含量较对照组升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者经化疗后的感染、出血等不良反应发生率为19.0%,低于对照组的31.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正解毒饮防治乳腺癌术后围化疗期骨髓抑制效果突出,能明显降低骨髓抑制的程度,延缓骨髓抑制发生的时间、促进骨髓抑制的恢复,降低感染、出血等不良反应的发生率,值得临床运用。

Changes in the number of circulating CD34＋ cells after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors in relation to muscle damage

Background： It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the number of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells such as CD34＋ cells in the blood, but no previous studies have investigated the changes in circulating CD34＋ cells following resistance exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that the number of CD34＋ cells in the blood would increase after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors, but decrease in recovery, and the magnitude of the changes would be dependent on the magnitude of muscle damage. Methods： Nine men （28.0 ± 6.6 years） performed exercises consisting of 10 sets of six maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with their non-dominant arm. Six of them performed the same exercise with the same ann 4 weeks later. Changes in indirect markers of muscle damage were measured before, within 10 min after, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after eccentric exercise. Differential leukocyte counts （total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes） and CD34＋ cells in the blood were measured before, immediately after, and at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following the exercises. Results： After eccentric exercise, significant （p 〈 0.05） decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and increases in delayed onset muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were observed. However, no significant changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were evident. The changes in muscle damage markers were significantly （p 〈 0.05） smaller following the second exercise session as compared with the first exercise session, but the changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were not significantly different between sessions. Conclusion： These results did not support the hypothesis, and showed that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage to the elbow flexors did not influence the number of circulating CD34＋ cells.

Comparison of 3 M^TM Petrifilm^TM Aerobic Count Plates with Pour Plates for Determination of Aerobic Plate Counts in Fermented Chile Mash

Fermented chile pepper mash is a major food product in New Mexico. There are few reports on the fermentation process or on methods to monitor it, In the current study we examined a pour plate procedure with an overlay using plate count agar and 3 MTM PetrifilmTM Aerobic Count （AC） plates for determination of total aerobic bacterial counts during the fermentation of chile mash. Fifty chile mash samples were obtained directly from commercial fermentation vats and examined within 2 h of collection. Serial dilutions of the chile mash were prepared in Butterfield＇s Phosphate Buffer. 1 mL portions of the diluted samples were aliquoted in duplicate onto the AC plates and into empty Petri dishes. Plate count agar was poured and once the plates had solidified, they were overlaid with about 10 mL of PCA to minimize spreaders. Plates were incubated at 30 ℃ for 48 h and enumerated. Paired difference tests were conducted on log transformed data to compare the results of the two plating procedures. For commercial chile mash samples, we did not show any significant differences between the AC plate counts and the pour plate counts （α = 0.05）, 3 MTM PetrifilmTM AC plates are a good alternative to pour plates for the determination of the total aerobic counts in fermented chile mashes.

A Generalized Equation of State for High-Pressure Liquids

An equation of state （EOS） for high-pressure liquids, i.e., Tait EOS, is deduced according to isothermal 1 3V compressibility KT= -1/V· （2V/2p）T·.Based on the equation, a generalized EOS for high pressure-liquids is established by using the reduced state principle and introducing a characteristic parameter-configuration factor ξ. Reasonably satisfactory P-V-T data for many organic compounds, including some polar components, were calculated by using the equation.

Adaptive Surface Reconstruction Based on Tensor Product Algebraic Splines

Surface reconstruction from unorganized data points is a challenging problem in Computer Aided Design and Geometric Modeling. In this paper, we extend the mathematical model proposed by Juttler and Felis （Adv. Comput. Math., 17 （2002）, pp. 135-152） based on tensor product algebraic spline surfaces from fixed meshes to adaptive meshes. We start with a tensor product algebraic B-spline surface defined on an initial mesh to fit the given data based on an optimization approach. By measuring the fitting errors over each cell of the mesh, we recursively insert new knots in cells over which the errors are larger than some given threshold, and construct a new algebraic spline surface to better fit the given data locally. The algorithm terminates when the error over each cell is less than the threshold. We provide some examples to demonstrate our algorithm and compare it with Juttler＇s method. Examples suggest that our method is effective and is able to produce reconstruction surfaces of high quality.

Flow Loss in Screens： A Fresh Look at Old Correlation

Pressure losses in flow components are generally characterized either by pressure loss coefficients or by discharge coefficients. The pressure drop for incompressible flow across a screen of fractional free area a is often calculated from widely used correlation provided in Perry＇s Handbook. This correlation was developed based on experimental work which have covered a wide range of fractional free area （a = 0.14 to 0.79）. The present work aims at validation for a flow in plain square mesh screen with a particular fractional free area （porosity, a） of 0.25 using CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamics） approach. The simulations are carried out for wide range of screen Reynolds number （Re = 0.1 to 105） covering both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Initial simulations are carried out for incompressible fluid （water） and further extended to compressible fluid （air）. Discharge coefficients obtained from the simulations are compared with experimental values. Effect of compressibility on discharge coefficients is described.

计数方法对浮游植物定量分析数据的可靠性影响

计数方法由计数数量和计数步骤两部分组成,而计数步骤又可分为不同粒径个体同时计数或先后计数两种方式。本研究采用不同方法对同一浮游植物样品计数,比较各定量分析结果及其与样品真实值差异,以评估计数方法的稳定性和准确性。研究表明,计数数量能影响鉴定结果中物种数、丰度、生物量、香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数的准确性,准确性随计数数量增加而提高。当计数数量达500时,可基本保证分析结果的可靠性,但藻华发生时的样品除外。而在此计数水平下,如果可以优化计数步骤,可获得更准确的关键指标数据。通过此项研究,可为浮游植物计数方法的改良和规范提供原理参考。

An embedded estimating equation for the additive risk model with biased-sampling data

This paper presents a novel class of semiparametric estimating functions for the additive model with right-censored data that are obtained from general biased-sampling. The new estimator can be obtained using a weighted estimating equation for the covariate coefficients, by embedding the biased-sampling data into left-truncated and right-censored data. The asymptotic properties(consistency and asymptotic normality) of the proposed estimator are derived via the modern empirical processes theory. Based on the cumulative residual processes, we also propose graphical and numerical methods to assess the adequacy of the additive risk model.The good finite-sample performance of the proposed estimator is demonstrated by simulation studies and two applications of real datasets.

ESTIMATION IN A SEMI-VARYING COEFFICIENT MODEL FOR PANEL DATA WITH FIXED EFFECTS

This paper considers a semi-varying coefficient model for panel data with fixed effects,proposes the profile-likelihood-based estimators for the parametric and nonparametric components,and establishes convergence rates and asymptotic normality properties for both estimators.Simulation results show that the proposed estimators behave well in finite sample cases.

A Criterion for Existence of Bivariate Vector Valued Rational Interpolants

In this paper,a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a kind of bivariate vector valued rational interpolants over rectangular grids is given.This criterion is an algebraic method,i.e.,by solving a system of equations based on the given data,we can directly test whether the relevant interpolant exists or not.By coming up with our method, the problem of how to deal with scalar equations and vector equations in the same system of equations is solved.After testing existence,an expression of the corresponding bivariate vector-valued rational interpolant can be constructed consequently.In addition,the way to get the expression is different from the one by making use of Thiele-type bivariate branched vector-valued continued fractions and Samelson inverse which are commonly used to construct the bivariate vector-valued rational interpolants.Compared with the Thiele-type method,the one given in this paper is more direct.Finally,some numerical examples are given to illustrate the result.

Extremes of Shepp statistics for fractional Brownian motion

Define the incremental fractional Brownian field with parameter H ∈ （0, 1） by ZH（τ, s） = BH（s-＋τ） - BH（S）, where BH（s） is a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H ∈ （0, 1）. We firstly derive the exact tail asymptoties for the maximum MH＊（T） = max（τ,s）∈[a,b]×[0,T] ZH（τ, s）/τH of the standardised fractional Brownian motion field, with any fixed 0 〈 a 〈 b 〈 ∞ and T 〉 0; and we, furthermore, extend the obtained result to the ease that T is a positive random variable independent of {BH（s）, s ≥ 0}. As a by-product, we obtain the Gumbel limit law for MH＊r（T） as T →∞.

Partial functional linear quantile regression

This paper studies estimation in partial functional linear quantile regression in which the dependent variable is related to both a vector of finite length and a function-valued random variable as predictor variables. The slope function is estimated by the functional principal component basis. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator of the vector of slope parameters is derived and the global convergence rate of the quantile estimator of unknown slope function is established under suitable norm. It is showed that this rate is optirnal in a minimax sense under some smoothness assumptions on the covariance kernel of the covariate and the slope function. The convergence rate of the mean squared prediction error for the proposed estimators is also established. Finite sample properties of our procedures are studied through Monte Carlo simulations. A real data example about Berkeley growth data is used to illustrate our proposed methodology.