Al合金接触反应钎焊接头力学响应及中间层厚度的确定

接触反应钎焊是目前常用的材料连接方法。为了合理选择中间层材料的厚度 ,本文以Si作中间层接触反应钎焊LF2 1铝合金为例 ,采用有限元 (FEM )模拟的办法 ,对不同宽度的钎缝对外加拉伸载荷的力学响应过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明 ,钎缝对外载荷的力学响应的应力集中区位于接头表面的钎缝与基体的界面处 ;且最大应力值与外载荷呈线性关系。即钎缝对外载荷的力学响应的实质是对外载荷的线性放大 ,因此本文将此放大系数定义为钎缝的力学响应因子。随着钎缝宽度的增加 ,其力学响应因子增大 ,钎缝的承载能力降低。在试验证明FEM计算结果的可靠性的基础上 ,给出了Si为中间层进行LF2 1铝合金接触反应钎焊时 ,其合适的钎缝宽度范围是 5 0～80 μm。最后本文根据相图对相应的Si中间层厚度进行了理论计算 ,得到Si中间层的厚度范围为 6 .6～ 10 .0

地基沉降计算中两个问题的探讨

１计算层厚度的划分国家标准《建筑地基基础设计规范》（ＧＢＪ７－８９）的地基变形计算其压缩模量按实际应力范围取值，即从计算土层自重应力到自重应力与附加应力之和这个范围取值。压缩模量指标ＥＳ取值的这一规定对地基沉降计算带来了一个问题：在沉降计算中，规范并...

排风隔热墙的多孔渗流层临界厚度研究

排风隔热墙是一种新型节能外墙,本文利用其一维稳态传热简化解析模型,结合达西定律,获得了室内空气与外墙内表面之间的换热热流密度与多孔渗流层厚度的关联式.通过对给定压差条件下热流密度的极值分析,论证了渗流层临界厚度的存在,导出了该厚度的一维模型准确解及其近似计算公式.经过与墙体传热过程的二维数值计算结果相比较,发现获得的临界厚度的准确解误差小于2%、近似解误差小于4%,适合工程计算和分析.对排风压差、渗流层导热系数、外层结构热阻对临界厚度的单因素分析表明:随着排风压差、多孔材料导热系数及外层结构热阻的增大,渗流层临界厚度大致呈线性增加的趋势。

A method to calculate displacement factors using SVM

In order to improve the precision of mining subsidence prediction, a mathematical model using Support Vector Machine （SVM） was established to calculate the displacement factor. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting the displacement factor, such as mechanical properties of the cover rock, the ratio of mining depth to seam thickness, dip angle of the coal seam and the thickness of loose layer. Data of 63 typical observation stations were used as a training and testing sample set. A SVM regression model of the displacement factor and the factors affecting it was established with a kernel function, an insensitive loss factor and a properly selected penalty factor. Given an accurate calculation algorithm for testing and analysis, the results show that an SVM regression model can calcu- late displacement factor precisely and reliable precision can be obtained which meets engineering requirements. The experimental results show that the method to calculation of the displacement factor, based on the SVM method, is feasible. The many factors affecting the displacement factor can be consid- ered with this method. The research provides an efficient and accurate approach for the calculation of displacement in mining subsidence orediction.

Thin-bed thickness calculation formula and its approximation using peak frequency

Quantitative thickness estimation below tuning thickness is a great challenge in seismic exploration. Most studies focus on the thin-beds whose top and bottom reflection coefficients are of equal magnitude and opposite polarity. There is no systematic research on the other thin-bed types. In this article, all of the thin-beds are classified into four types： thin-beds with equal magnitude and opposite polarity, thin-beds with unequal magnitude and opposite polarity, thin-beds with equal magnitude and identical polarity, and thin-beds with unequal magnitude and identical polarity. By analytical study, an equation describing the general relationship between seismic peak frequency and thin-bed thickness was derived which shows there is a Complex implicit non-linear relationship between them and which is difficult to use in practice. In order to solve this problem, we simplify the relationship by Taylor expansion and discuss the precision of the approximation formulae with different orders for the four types of thin-beds. Compared with the traditional amplitude method for thin-bed thickness calculation, the method we present has a higher precision and isn＇t influenced by the absolute value of top or bottom reflection coefficient, so it is convenient for use in practice.

Design parameter optimization of beam foundation on soft soil layer with nonlinear finite element

Finite element method was performed to investigate the influences of beam stiffness, foundation width and cushion thickness on the beating capacity of beam foundation on underlying weak laminated clay. The comparison between numerical results and results from field test including plate-bearing test and foundation settlement observation shows reasonable agreement. According to the numerical results, the beam width, length, cross section and cushion thickness were optimized. The results show that the stresses in subgrade soil decrease greatly with increasing the cushion thickness and width of foundation. However, the foundation settlement and influencing depth of displacement also increase correspondingly under conditions of relatively thinner cushion thickness. For the foundations on underlying weak layer, increasing foundation width merely might be inadequate for improving the bearing capacity, and the appropriate width and cushion thickness depend on the response of subgrade. A comparison between rigid and flexible beams was also discussed. The influence of a flexible beam foundation on subgrade is relatively smaller under the same loading conditions, and the flexible beam foundation appears more adaptable to various subgrades. The proposed flexible beam foundation was adopted in engineering. According to the calculation results, beam width of 2.4 m and cushion thickness of 0.8 m are proposed, and a flexible beam foundation is applied in the optimized design, which is confirmed reasonable by the actual engineering.

Prediction of methane emissions during the extraction of close-to-roof layer of a seam of large thickness

Prediction of methane emissions at the stage of longwall planning constitutes the basis for the determination of the appropriate method and parameters of ventilation and selection of prevention means including the methane drainage technol- ogy. The growth of methane saturation of coal seams with the extraction depth, with simultaneously increasing output concen- tration, contributes to the increase of the quantity of methane emitted into longwall areas. The subject matter of the article has been directed at the predicted quantity of methane emissions into planned longwalls with roof caving in the layer of seams adjacent to the roof of large thickness. The performed prognostic calculations of methane emissions into the longwall working were referred to two sources, i.e. methane liberated during coal mining by means of a cutter-loader and methane originating from the degasification of the floor layer destressed by the longwall conducted in the close-to-roof layer. The calculations of predictions allow to refer to the planned longwall, on account of the emitting methane, with possible and safe output quantity. Planning of extraction in the close-to-roof layer of a seam of large thickness with roof caving is especially important in con- ditions of increasing methane saturation with the depth of deposition and should be preceded by a prognostic analysis for de- termining the extraction possibilities of the planned longwall.

Use of Non-uniform Rational B-splines for Discharge Calculation in the Velocity Area Method

The velocity area method belongs to the group of primary methods for discharge measurement in hydropower plants. The measurements require an appropriate application of measuring devices and carrying out correctly the process of data analyzing including integration technique. The authors present their own experiences gathered during many years of utilizing the current meter method for discharge measurement in many hydropower plants. They have developed the special integration techniques using the progressive numerical algorithms. The techniques differ from the recommendations contained in the relevant international standards. The authors＇ own software for calculating the discharge from the measured local velocity distribution （obtained using current meters） adopts advanced spline functions, the so-called NURBS （non-uniform rational B-splines）. Nowadays, this kind of splines is commonly used in modeling of the complex geometrical shapes because of their smoothness. It is assessed that it represents much better quality of interpolation than the classic spline functions （classic cubic spline technique）. Particularly, the better properties of the NURBS splines can be observed for velocity profile area characterized by very strong velocity gradients where boundary layers meet the core regions of the flow （mainstream）. In the developed software the boundary layer thickness and exponent of von Karman function is calculated in accordance with the ISO 3354 standard. The software has been successfully used during many performance tests of the hydraulic turbines in Poland for several years. Paper presents the results of flow rate measurements for two different flow systems of Kaplan turbines. First case concerns the application of the current meters in a long circular penstock whereas the second one in short rectangular turbine intake. A comparative analysis of three flow calculation procedures applied for these two cases is presented in the paper-（1） the integration procedure according to the ISO 3354 standard; （2） the integration procedure based on the NS （natural splines）; and （3） the integration procedure based on the NURBS. The results obtained using these three procedures for the first case （intake via long circular penstock） were compared with the results of discharge measurements conducted using the pressure-time method.

Study on the Wiping Gas Jet in Continuous Galvanizing Line

In the continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, the gas-jet wiping is used to control the coating thickness of moving steel strip. The high speed gas-jet discharged from the nozzle slot impinges on the strip, and at this moment, wipes the liquid coating layer dragged by a moving strip. The coating thickness is generally influenced on the flow characteristics of wiping gas-jet such as the impinging pressure distribution, pressure gradient and shear stress distribution on the surface of strip. The flow characteristics of wiping gas-jet mentioned above depends upon considerably both the process operating conditions such as the nozzle pressure, nozzle-to-strip distance and line speed, and the geometry of gas-jet wiping apparatus such as the height of nozzle slot. In the present study, the effect of the geometry of nozzle on the coating thickness is investigated with the help of a computational fluid dynamics method. The height of nozzle slot is varied in the range of 0.6mm to 1.7mm. A finite volume method (FVM) is employed to solve two-dimensional, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Based upon the results obtained, the effect of the height of nozzle slot in the gas-jet wiping process is discussed in detail. The computational results show that for a given standoff distance between the nozzle to the strip, the effective height of nozzle slot exists in achieving thinner coating thickness.