基于精细化热网模型的电热综合能源系统时序潮流计算

综合能源系统包含多热源环状管网且以电热耦合元件为平衡节点。然而,潮流计算中未能详细考虑热网中热能传输动态特性和管道水流局部阻力,也未能清晰定义热网负荷节点类型。文中提出一种基于精细化热网模型的电热综合能源系统时序潮流计算方法。首先,综合考虑热网管道中各种阻力对管道水流量的影响,建立了考虑精细化阻力的水力模型。基于热网管道中各微元之间的相互影响分析,构建了考虑热网动态特性的热力模型和管道温度求解模型。然后,文中重新定义了热网负荷节点类型,修正了热网中水力-热力计算方法和电热耦合处的迭代处理方法,并结合电/热系统间顺序计算方法,提出了兼顾热网动态特性与精细化水力模型的电热综合能源系统时序潮流计算方法。最后,通过实际算例验证所提模型在电热综合能源系统潮流计算中的可行性与必要性。

基于时序计算的电力系统风电并网接纳能力研究

为了准确评估区域电力系统风电并网接纳能力．针对目前风电规划问题，给出了一种基于时序计算的分步优化方法。根据序列相等性原则，将系统负荷与系统机组出力视作供需双方，对系统机组出力进行序列化分析，在时序上达到供需匹配平衡。将系统消纳风电过程分解为两级过程，以分步求取系统最优运行方式。利用时序计算方法，定性分析系统风电消纳空间，结合风资源信息及系统负荷信息定量计算系统可接纳的风电电量。结合实际区域电网负荷数据及机组发电数据进行了仿真计算，仿真结果表明，该规划方法能准确评估区域电力系统风电接纳能力，从而可为风电产业规划提供技术参考指标。

基于国密算法的云计算数据加密研究

传统加密算法仅包含一个密钥,安全性较低,为此,文章提出基于国密算法的云计算数据加密研究,利用国密算法中的SM2构建双密钥认证机制,在云计算中心预置包含云计算时序的唯一性认证信息;在访问认证阶段,以公钥作为第一层验证标准,私钥作为第二层验证标准,在双重验证都通过的前提下,才允许访问请求。实验结果表明:处理后的密文与密钥之间保持高度一致,未出现差异,表明本文方法的加密效果可以确保云计算数据的安全性,具有良好的实际应用效果。

基于改进接口算法的移频分析与电磁暂态混合多速率实时仿真

“双高”电力系统对实时仿真算法的计算效率提出了更高的要求,采用单一的仿真算法往往难以兼顾计算效率与仿真精度。为解决这一问题,提出了一种混合使用移频分析(shifted frequency analysis,SFA)与传统电磁暂态(electromagnetic transients program,EMTP)方法的多速率实时仿真方案,并对子系统的接口算法进行了改进。首先,充分发挥SFA方法的高效性优势,建立了在移频相量下联立子系统诺顿等效电路的SFA-EMTP混合仿真框架。随后,从减少计算量的角度出发,提出了一种滑窗离散傅里叶变换与三相坐标变换相结合的解析信号构造方法。进而,为兼顾计算的实时性与仿真精度,提出了一种开关状态更新时刻与仿真节点错位的多速率仿真计算时序。最后,对含分布式电源接入的配电网算例采用所提算法与其他多种算法进行仿真,并将仿真结果与PSCAD(Power Systems Computer Aided Design)的离线仿真结果进行对比,验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性。

The Physical Significance of the Synthetic Running Correlation Coefficient and Its Applications in Oceanic and Atmospheric Studies

In order to study the temporal variations of correlations between two time series,a running correlation coefficient(RCC)could be used.An RCC is calculated for a given time window,and the window is then moved sequentially through time.The current calculation method for RCCs is based on the general definition of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient,calculated with the data within the time window,which we call the local running correlation coefficient(LRCC).The LRCC is calculated via the two anomalies corresponding to the two local means,meanwhile,the local means also vary.It is cleared up that the LRCC reflects only the correlation between the two anomalies within the time window but fails to exhibit the contributions of the two varying means.To address this problem,two unchanged means obtained from all available data are adopted to calculate an RCC,which is called the synthetic running correlation coefficient(SRCC).When the anomaly variations are dominant,the two RCCs are similar.However,when the variations of the means are dominant,the difference between the two RCCs becomes obvious.The SRCC reflects the correlations of both the anomaly variations and the variations of the means.Therefore,the SRCCs from different time points are intercomparable.A criterion for the superiority of the RCC algorithm is that the average value of the RCC should be close to the global correlation coefficient calculated using all data.The SRCC always meets this criterion,while the LRCC sometimes fails.Therefore,the SRCC is better than the LRCC for running correlations.We suggest using the SRCC to calculate the RCCs.

Effect of Timing of Tracheotomy on Clinical Outcomes: an Update Meta-analysis Including 11 Trials

Objective To estimate the relative effect of early vs. late tracheotomy on clinical end-points in unselected intensive care unit （ICU） patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methods We searched electronic databases （up to February 27, 2013） for both randomized control trials and observational studies satisfying the predefined inclusion criteria.

Computer Programs for Prediction of Mining Area Deformation with Time Factor Taken into Consideration

This paper discussed the current of works on computerisation of all problems related to mining subsidence, including the time factor,carried out in the Division of Mining Geodesy of Technical University of Silesia, Poland. First, the formulas implemented in the programs were presented. These formulas considerably increase the description accuracy of final deformations by taking into uncaved strip along extraction rib (extraction margin). They also improve the deformation description of areas located far from the extraction place. Then, the research results aiming to improving the description of deformation with time were introduced. Finally, the Windows based version of the program for the creation of mining geological opinions were presented in the form accepted by Mining Offices of Poland.

Airflow adjustment and minimization of the air power of ventilation network

It is often required to know which roadway （adjustment roadway） resistances and how much values of the resis- tances should be changed to make the airflow rates in roadways （target roadways） to certain required values in the practice of mine ventilation. In this case, the airflow rates of the target roadways and the resistances of the roadways other than the ad- justment roadways are the given conditions and the resistances of the adjustment roadways are the solutions to be found. No straightforward method to solve the problem has been found up to now. Therefore, trial and error method using the ventilation network analysis program is utilized to solve the problem so far. The method takes long calculation time and the best answer is not necessarily obtained. The authors newly defined ＂airflow element＂ as an element of the ventilation network analysis. The resistances that satisfy the airflow requirements can be calculated straight forwardly by putting the function of the airflow element into the ventilation network analysis. The air power required for the ventilation can be minimized while meeting the airflow requirements by the advanced application of the method. The authors made the computer program fulfill the method. The program was applied to actual ventilation network and it was found that the method is very practical and the time required for the analysis is short.

Deterministic and randomized scheduling problems under the lp norm on two identical machines

Parallel machine scheduling problems, which are important discrete optimization problems, may occur in many applications. For example, load balancing in network communication channel assignment, parallel processing in large-size computing, task arrangement in flexible manufacturing systems, etc., are multiprocessor scheduling problem. In the traditional parallel machine scheduling problems, it is assumed that the problems are considered in offline or online environment. But in practice, problems are often not really offline or online but somehow in-between. This means that, with respect to the online problem, some further information about the tasks is available, which allows the improvement of the performance of the best possible algorithms. Problems of this class are called semi-online ones. In this paper, the semi-online problem P2|decr|lp (p>1) is considered where jobs come in non-increasing order of their processing times and the objective is to minimize the sum of the lp norm of every machine’s load. It is shown that LS algorithm is optimal for any lp norm, which extends the results known in the literature. Furthermore, randomized lower bounds for the problems P2|online|lp and P2|decr|lp are presented.

Calculation of Significant Wave Height Using the Linear Mean Square Estimation Method

Significant wave height is an important criterion in designing coastal and offshore structures.Based on the orthogonality principle, the linear mean square estimation method is applied to calculate significant wave height in this paper.Twenty-eight-year time series of wave data collected from three ocean buoys near San Francisco along the California coast are analyzed.It is proved theoretically that the computation error will be reduced by using as many measured data as possible for the calculation of significant wave height.Measured significant wave height at one buoy location is compared with the calculated value based on the data from two other adjacent buoys.The results indicate that the linear mean square estimation method can be well applied to the calculation and prediction of significant wave height in coastal regions.

A scheduling strategy for finite element analysis on the computational grid

The computational grid provides a promising platform for the deployment of various high-performance computing applications. A grid system consists of heterogeneous resource domains, while the computational tasks of finite element analysis may differ in demand of computing power. The cost-effective utilization of resources in the grid can be obtained through scheduling tasks to optimal resource domains. Firstly, a cost-effective scheduling strategy is presented for finite element applications. Secondly, aiming at the conjugate gradient solver stemming from finite element analysis, a performance evaluation formula is presented for determining optimal resouree domains, which is derived from phase parallel model and takes the heterogeneous characteristic of resource domains into account. Finally, experimental results show that the presented formula delivers a good estimation of the actual execution time, and indicate that the presented formula can be used to determine optimal resource domains in the grid environment.

Multiple Reader Algorithm for Sports Timing Systems and Its Application at Low Frequency Bandwidth

In sports timing systems,P2P communication is used at low frequency bandwidths(under 135 KHz) between tags and readers in the RFID field.However,in such cases,collisions tend to occur when a reader deals with multiple RFID tags simultaneously.To overcome this issue,a sports timing system including a Multi Reader Controller(MRC)loaded with an advanced multiple reader algorithm and application was created and applied at large-scale citizens' marathon events.In these cases,a large number of people pass over the installed urethane type's antenna mat continually during a short period of time.This study verified the superiority of the improved algorithm and application through the on-thespot application of the multi reader algorithm and application program,which allows us to smoothly measure runners' times through multiaccess reading for rapid collision avoidance.

Study on the chaotic behavior of mining rock seepage system

One dimensional non-steady, non-Darcy flow of water in a rock stratum was reduced into a system described by six ordinary differential equations involving five controlling parameters. Through response computations and time series analysis, chaotic behavior in the reduced system was discussed in details. Firstly, the dynamical response of the reduced system under a set of parameters was calculated, and the power spectrum of the attractor was obtained through fast Lagrangian transformation; then the phase space was reconstructed by fixing embedding dimension to be 6 and delay time to range from 1 to 20, and the correlation dimension of the attractor was calculated based on the curves under the coordinates of logarithm of correlation integral vs. logarithm of covering radius; and lastly, the Lyapunov indices of the attractor were calculated by using Gram-Schmit's orthogonalization method. The results show that the power spectrum of the attractor is continuous; the correlation dimension of the attractor is equal to 2.36; among the Lyapunov indices, LE1, LE2, LE3 are positive, LE5, LE6 are negative, and LE4 fluctuates near zero. All the analysis indicates that there may exist chaos in the system of non-steady, non-Darcy flow.

Real-Time Animation of Cloth Based on Rigid Rods Model

A rigid rods model for real-time simulation of cloth is presented, which can be used in e-commerce applications, games or Wirtual Reality environment. The proposed algorithm simplifies the basic mass-spring model by replacing the springs of masses with the rigid rods, and using the Verlet Integration method to calculate the position and velocity of the masses. Compared the efficiency and the effect of sinmulation with other similar systems, this algorithm is faster and realistic for some real-time applications.

Time Collocation Method for Structural Dynamic Problems

In order to achieve highly accurate and efficient numerical calculations of structural dynamics, time collocation method is presented. For a given time interval, the numerical solution of the method is approximated by a polynomial. The polynomial coefficients are evaluated by solving algebraic equation. Once the polynomial coefficients are evaluated, the numerical solutions at any time in the interval can be easily calculated. New formulae are derived for the polynomial coefficients,which are more practical and succinct than those previously given. Two structural dynamic equations are calculated by the proposed method. The numerical solutions are compared with the traditional fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the method proposed is highly accurate and computationally efficient. In addition, an important advantage of the method is the simplicity in software programming.

The Model Research on the Flooding Time of the Warship Damaged Compartment

Research on damage stability and unsinkability is a valuable source of knowledge of behaving a ship while flooding its compartments. The time when compartment is flooded （ty） and stability parameters are key elements which have influence on a rescue action. The knowledge of the time mentioned is very important for a commanding officer to make decisions while fighting for survival of the ship. Therefore, the purpose of research was to develop a method to accurately and quickly calculate the flooding time of selected ship compartment. To provide the information about the time ty, a new method was designed. This method was based on an accurate determination of the amount of water entering to the compartment. For this purpose, the permeability depends on the water level in the compartment. Next, the computer program was built for both the time tfcalculation and showing the flooding process. This method was tested experimentally and the results of the tests are presented in the paper. In the next part of research, which was carried out on the laboratory stand bed, the flooding time of damaged compartment of warship model was measured. The results of calculation are compared to the experiments and discussed.

多种显示模式可切换的交通信号灯控制电路的仿真设计

显示模式可切换的交通信号灯控制器较好地解决了目前交通信号灯显示模式固定不变的不合理现状,可以根据车流量变化情况,通过手工设置,及时调整绿灯的放行时间,既可避免车流高峰时十字路口交通阻塞,又可减少车流稀疏时过多的等待时间,从而使交通秩序更加合理有序。

Stability Analysis of Cylindrical Tanks under Static and Earthquake Loading

Large thin walled cylindrical above ground tanks have become more susceptible to failure by buckling during earthquakes. In this study, three different geometries of tanks with H/D （height to diameter） ratios of 2.0, 0.56, 1.0, and D/t （depth to thickness） ratios of 960.0, 1,706.67 and 640.0 respectively were analyzed for stability when subjected to the E1 Centro earthquake at the base. The Budiansky and Roth procedure was used to find the buckling loads when the tanks were empty and when they were filled with liquid up to 90% of their depth. Also, nonlinear time history analysis using ANSYS finite element computer program was performed. Analysis results show that the dynamic buckling occurs for empty tanks at very high PGA （peak ground accelerations） which are unrealistic even for major earthquakes. Furthermore, when the tanks filled with water up to 90% of its height, analysis results show that when the H/D ratio reduced by two times （i.e., from 2 to 1）, the PGA for the buckling increased by six times （increase from 0.25g to 1 .Sg）. Hence, H/D ratio plays an important role in the earthquake stability design of over ground steel tanks.

An Objective-Based Gradient Method for Locating the Pareto Domain

In this paper, an objective-based gradient multi-objective optimization （MOO） technique, the Objective-Based Gradient Algorithm （OBGA）, is proposed with the goal of defining the Pareto domain more precisely and efficiently than current MOO techniques. The performance of the OBGA in locating the Pareto domain was evaluated in terms of precision, computation time and number of objective function calls, and compared to two current MOO algorithms： Dual Population Evolutionary Algorithm （DPEA） and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm I1 （NSGA-II）, using four test problems. For all test problems, the OBGA systematically produced a more precise Pareto domain than DPEA and NSGA-II. With the adequate selection of the OBGA parameters, computation time required for the OBGA can be lower than that required for DPEA and NSGA-II. Results clearly show that the OBGA is a very effective and efficient algorithm for locating the Pareto domain.

PLC应用于喷泉控制系统的方案设计

采用PLC与计算机组成的喷泉控制系统,充分利用PLC的通信功能和编程特点,实现上位机与下位机之间的通信和控制,由远程计算机与PLC之间进行通信,通过PLC实现对喷泉各种水型和灯光的快速控制;另一方面,利用PLC的自诊断功能,可实现喷泉控制系统的故障诊断,不但缩短了维修时间,而且提高了控制系统的稳定性。