AIM： To introduce the combination method of radio- chemoembolization for the treatment of selected he- patic metastases. METHODS： Twenty patients with biopsy proven hepat- ic metastases were selected from those who ...AIM： To introduce the combination method of radio- chemoembolization for the treatment of selected he- patic metastases. METHODS： Twenty patients with biopsy proven hepat- ic metastases were selected from those who underwent transarterial radiochemoembolization, a novel combina- tion protocol, between .lanuary 2009 and July 2010. Patients had different sources of liver metastasis. The treatment included transarterial administration of three chemotherapeutic drugs （mitomycin, doxorubicin and cisplatin）, followed by embolization with large （50-150 μm） radioisotope particles of chromic 32R Multiphasic computer tomography or computer tomography stud- ies, with and without contrast medium injections, were performed for all patients for a short-term period before and after the treatment sessions. The short-term effec- tiveness of this procedure was evaluated by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors （mRECIST）, which also takes necrosis into account. The subjective percentage of necrosis was also assessed. The re- sponse evaluation methods were based on the changes in size, number, and the enhancement patterns of the lesions between the pre- and post-treatment imaging studies. RESULTS： Patients had liver metastasis from colorectal carcinomas, breast cancer, lung cancer and carcinoid tumors. The response rate based on the mRECIST criteria was 5% for complete response, 60% for par- tial response, 10% for stable disease, and 25% for progressive disease. Regarding the subjective necrosis percentage, 5% of patients had complete response, 50% had partial response, 25% had stable disease, and 20% had progressive disease. Based on traditional RECIST criteria, 3 patients （15%） had partial response, 13 patients （65%） had stable disease, and 4 patients （20%） had disease progression. In most patients, colorectal carcinoma was the source of metastasis （13 patients）. Based on the mRECIST criteria, 8 out of these 13 patients had partial responses, while one remained stable, and 5 showed progressive disease. We also had 5 cases of breast cancer metastasis which mostly remained stable （4 cases）, with only one partial response after the procedure. Six patients had bilobar involvement; three of them received two courses of radiochemoembolization. The follow up imaging study of these patients was performed after the second ses- sion. In the studied patients there was no evidence of extrahepatic occurrence, including pulmonary radioac- tive deposition, which was proven by Bremsstrahlung scintigraphy performed after the treatment sessions. For the short-term follow-ups for the 2 mo after the therapy, no treatment related death was reported. The mostly common side effect was post-embolization syndrome, presented as vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Nineteen （95%） patients experienced this syndrome in different severities. Two patient had asci- tes （with pleural effusion in one patient） not related to hepatic failure. Moreover, no cases of acute liver failure, hepatic infarction, hepatic abscess, biliary necrosis, tu- mor rupture, surgical cholecystitis, or non-targeted gut embolization were reported. Systemic toxicities such as alopecia, marrow suppression, renal toxicity, or cardiac failure did not occur in our study group. CONCLUSION： Radiochemoembolization is safe and effective for selected hepatic metastases in a short- term follow-up. Further studies are required to show the long-term effects and possible complications of this approach.展开更多
The present research is based upon a comprehensive survey which discusses the slightly tolerable water level of Balaton between 2000 and 2003. The low water level of the extreme period caused considerable problems in ...The present research is based upon a comprehensive survey which discusses the slightly tolerable water level of Balaton between 2000 and 2003. The low water level of the extreme period caused considerable problems in recreation. Our goal was to investigate the possible water transfer policies and the water level regulation policy of Lake Balaton by applying the dynamic programming of Markov chains. This iteration supports the cost-benefit analysis of different scenarios and also provides information about the best water governing policy. As a basis of our scientific analysis, Markov chains were created by ARMA （autoregressive moving average） synthetic data generator. Profit was joined to each transition-probability for the economic analysis. In our case the profit was negative, because the harmful effects of the low water level should be estimated, which is based on the calculated willingness-to-pay for improving the water quality of Lake Balaton. In addition, the profit includes the cost of different water supplement scenarios. After computer programming, the method proved to be an efficient tool to buttress the cost-benefit analysis of water supplement scenarios. The result highlights the importance of further climate change monitoring. Calculation confirmed water transfer to be cost-effective, yet scenarios with less ecological risk are also effective, thus preferable.展开更多
As the product of the mutual infiltration of the various disciplines such as the control theory, information theory, system theory, computer science, physiology, psychology, mathematics, philosophy and so on, the rese...As the product of the mutual infiltration of the various disciplines such as the control theory, information theory, system theory, computer science, physiology, psychology, mathematics, philosophy and so on, the research field of the theory and application of artificial intelligence technology covers almost all the areas of human activity. In recent years, the rapid development of computer network technology produces and drives a batch of new scientific research fields. Among them, the application of artificial intelligence in the computer network technology is a hot topic which is academically and technically strong and can bring obvious economic benefit.展开更多
A novel layout has been proposed to reduce the single event upset(SEU) vulnerability of SRAM cells.Extensive 3-D technology computer-aided design(TCAD) simulation analyses show that the proposed layout can recover the...A novel layout has been proposed to reduce the single event upset(SEU) vulnerability of SRAM cells.Extensive 3-D technology computer-aided design(TCAD) simulation analyses show that the proposed layout can recover the upset-state much easier than conventional layout for larger space of PMOS transistors.For the angle incidence,the proposed layout is immune from ion hit in two plans,and is more robust against SEU in other two plans than the conventional one.The ability of anti-SEU is enhanced by at least 33% while the area cost reduced by 47%.Consequently,the layout strategy proposed can gain both reliability and area cost benefit simultaneously.展开更多
文摘AIM： To introduce the combination method of radio- chemoembolization for the treatment of selected he- patic metastases. METHODS： Twenty patients with biopsy proven hepat- ic metastases were selected from those who underwent transarterial radiochemoembolization, a novel combina- tion protocol, between .lanuary 2009 and July 2010. Patients had different sources of liver metastasis. The treatment included transarterial administration of three chemotherapeutic drugs （mitomycin, doxorubicin and cisplatin）, followed by embolization with large （50-150 μm） radioisotope particles of chromic 32R Multiphasic computer tomography or computer tomography stud- ies, with and without contrast medium injections, were performed for all patients for a short-term period before and after the treatment sessions. The short-term effec- tiveness of this procedure was evaluated by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors （mRECIST）, which also takes necrosis into account. The subjective percentage of necrosis was also assessed. The re- sponse evaluation methods were based on the changes in size, number, and the enhancement patterns of the lesions between the pre- and post-treatment imaging studies. RESULTS： Patients had liver metastasis from colorectal carcinomas, breast cancer, lung cancer and carcinoid tumors. The response rate based on the mRECIST criteria was 5% for complete response, 60% for par- tial response, 10% for stable disease, and 25% for progressive disease. Regarding the subjective necrosis percentage, 5% of patients had complete response, 50% had partial response, 25% had stable disease, and 20% had progressive disease. Based on traditional RECIST criteria, 3 patients （15%） had partial response, 13 patients （65%） had stable disease, and 4 patients （20%） had disease progression. In most patients, colorectal carcinoma was the source of metastasis （13 patients）. Based on the mRECIST criteria, 8 out of these 13 patients had partial responses, while one remained stable, and 5 showed progressive disease. We also had 5 cases of breast cancer metastasis which mostly remained stable （4 cases）, with only one partial response after the procedure. Six patients had bilobar involvement; three of them received two courses of radiochemoembolization. The follow up imaging study of these patients was performed after the second ses- sion. In the studied patients there was no evidence of extrahepatic occurrence, including pulmonary radioac- tive deposition, which was proven by Bremsstrahlung scintigraphy performed after the treatment sessions. For the short-term follow-ups for the 2 mo after the therapy, no treatment related death was reported. The mostly common side effect was post-embolization syndrome, presented as vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Nineteen （95%） patients experienced this syndrome in different severities. Two patient had asci- tes （with pleural effusion in one patient） not related to hepatic failure. Moreover, no cases of acute liver failure, hepatic infarction, hepatic abscess, biliary necrosis, tu- mor rupture, surgical cholecystitis, or non-targeted gut embolization were reported. Systemic toxicities such as alopecia, marrow suppression, renal toxicity, or cardiac failure did not occur in our study group. CONCLUSION： Radiochemoembolization is safe and effective for selected hepatic metastases in a short- term follow-up. Further studies are required to show the long-term effects and possible complications of this approach.
文摘The present research is based upon a comprehensive survey which discusses the slightly tolerable water level of Balaton between 2000 and 2003. The low water level of the extreme period caused considerable problems in recreation. Our goal was to investigate the possible water transfer policies and the water level regulation policy of Lake Balaton by applying the dynamic programming of Markov chains. This iteration supports the cost-benefit analysis of different scenarios and also provides information about the best water governing policy. As a basis of our scientific analysis, Markov chains were created by ARMA （autoregressive moving average） synthetic data generator. Profit was joined to each transition-probability for the economic analysis. In our case the profit was negative, because the harmful effects of the low water level should be estimated, which is based on the calculated willingness-to-pay for improving the water quality of Lake Balaton. In addition, the profit includes the cost of different water supplement scenarios. After computer programming, the method proved to be an efficient tool to buttress the cost-benefit analysis of water supplement scenarios. The result highlights the importance of further climate change monitoring. Calculation confirmed water transfer to be cost-effective, yet scenarios with less ecological risk are also effective, thus preferable.
文摘As the product of the mutual infiltration of the various disciplines such as the control theory, information theory, system theory, computer science, physiology, psychology, mathematics, philosophy and so on, the research field of the theory and application of artificial intelligence technology covers almost all the areas of human activity. In recent years, the rapid development of computer network technology produces and drives a batch of new scientific research fields. Among them, the application of artificial intelligence in the computer network technology is a hot topic which is academically and technically strong and can bring obvious economic benefit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60836004 and 60906014)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate (Grant No. CX2011B026)
文摘A novel layout has been proposed to reduce the single event upset(SEU) vulnerability of SRAM cells.Extensive 3-D technology computer-aided design(TCAD) simulation analyses show that the proposed layout can recover the upset-state much easier than conventional layout for larger space of PMOS transistors.For the angle incidence,the proposed layout is immune from ion hit in two plans,and is more robust against SEU in other two plans than the conventional one.The ability of anti-SEU is enhanced by at least 33% while the area cost reduced by 47%.Consequently,the layout strategy proposed can gain both reliability and area cost benefit simultaneously.
