The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract fu...The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Several software network models are constructed based on the relationships between classes in the object-oriented software systems.Then,a variety of well-known open source software applications are statistically analy...Several software network models are constructed based on the relationships between classes in the object-oriented software systems.Then,a variety of well-known open source software applications are statistically analyzed by using these models.The results show that: (1) Dependency network does play a key role in software architecture;(2) The exponents of in-degree and total-degree distribution functions of different networks differ slightly,while the exponent of out-degree varies obviously;(3) Weak-coupling relationships have greater impact on software architecture than strong-coupling relationships.Finally,a theoretically analysis on these statistical phenomena is proposed from the perspectives of software develop technology,develop process and developer’s habits,respectively.展开更多
Construction of high resolution images from low resolution sequences is often im- portant in surveillance applications. In this letter, an affine based multi-scale block-matching image registration algorithm is first ...Construction of high resolution images from low resolution sequences is often im- portant in surveillance applications. In this letter, an affine based multi-scale block-matching image registration algorithm is first proposed. The images to be registered are divided into overlapped blocks of different size according to its motions. The Least Square (LS) image reg- istration algorithm is extended to match the blocks. Then an object based Super Resolution (SR) scheme is designed, the Maximum A Priori (MAP) super resolution algorithm is extended to enhance the resolution of the interest objects. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-scale registration method provides more accurate registration between frames. Further more, the object based super resolution scheme shows an enhanced performance compared with the traditional MAP method.展开更多
To eliminate the mismatch between words of relevant documents and user's query and more seriousnegative effects it has on the performance of information retrieval,a method of query expansion on the ba-sis of new t...To eliminate the mismatch between words of relevant documents and user's query and more seriousnegative effects it has on the performance of information retrieval,a method of query expansion on the ba-sis of new terms co-occurrence representation was put forward by analyzing the process of producingquery.The expansion terms were selected according to their correlation to the whole query.At the sametime,the position information between terms were considered.The experimental result on test retrievalconference(TREC)data collection shows that the method proposed in the paper has made an improve-ment of 5%～19% all the time than the language modeling method without expansion.Compared to thepopular approach of query expansion,pseudo feedback,the precision of the proposed method is competi-tive.展开更多
The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, ...The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, mathematics has permeated from natural scientific technology to agricultural construction, from economic activities to all areas of social life. Generally, when the actual problem requires us to provide quantitative results of analysis, forecasting, decision making, control and other aspects for real object under study, we are often inseparable from the application of mathematics. Mathematical modeling is the key to this process, whose purpose is to make mathematics applied to social and social services, and using mathematics to solve practical problems is through mathematical models. When using mathematical methods to solve some practical problems, we usually first transfer practical problems into mathematical language, and then abstract them into a mathematical model.展开更多
Because it is hard to search similar structure for low similarity unknown structure proteins directly from the Protein Data Bank （PDB） database, 3D-structure is modeled in this paper for secondary structure regular ...Because it is hard to search similar structure for low similarity unknown structure proteins directly from the Protein Data Bank （PDB） database, 3D-structure is modeled in this paper for secondary structure regular fragments （α-Helices, β-Strands） of such proteins by the protein secondary structure prediction software, the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLAST） and the side chain construction software SCWRL3. First, the protein secondary structure prediction software is adopted to extract secondary structure fragments from the unknown structure proteins. Then, regular fragments are regulated by BLAST based on comparative modeling, providing main chain configurations. Finally, SCWRL3 is applied to assemble side chains for regular fragments, so that 3D-structure of regular fragments of low similarity unknown structure protein is obtained. Regular fragments of several neurotoxins are used for test. Simulation results show that the prediction errors are less than 0.06nm for regular fragments less than 10 amino acids, implying the simpleness and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the simulation model have different development process. A simulation model developing process based on Five-Object Framework (FOF) is discussed in this p...Different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the simulation model have different development process. A simulation model developing process based on Five-Object Framework (FOF) is discussed in this paper. An example is given to demonstrate the applications of the proposed method.展开更多
An identity-based verifiably committed signature scheme (IB-VCS) was proposed, which is proved secure in the standard model (i.e., without random oracles). It enjoys the setup-free property and stand-alone property, b...An identity-based verifiably committed signature scheme (IB-VCS) was proposed, which is proved secure in the standard model (i.e., without random oracles). It enjoys the setup-free property and stand-alone property, both of which make an exchange protocol more practical. The scheme is unconditionally secure against the cheating signer, its security against the cheating verifier is reduced to the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem in the underlying group, it is secure against the cheating trusted third party if the underlying Paterson Schuldt's identity based signature (IBS) scheme is secure, which is proven true based on the CDH assumption in the standard model.展开更多
Through the establishment of music teaching effect evaluation model and the multimedia courseware evaluation model, which can effectively avoid the influence of subjective evaluation, the evaluation process will be si...Through the establishment of music teaching effect evaluation model and the multimedia courseware evaluation model, which can effectively avoid the influence of subjective evaluation, the evaluation process will be simple and objective. Through the issuance of assessment questionnaire, each index is divided into four grades of excellent, good, poor, according to percentile scoring, the score of every index multiply corresponding weight, and then addition, and finally we can obtain the evaluation results.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from US National Institute of Health with No. 1RO1DK072616-01A2Karen Elise Jensen Fond
文摘The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.
基金The paper is supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （No.2009AA01Z439） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （U0835001）
文摘Several software network models are constructed based on the relationships between classes in the object-oriented software systems.Then,a variety of well-known open source software applications are statistically analyzed by using these models.The results show that: (1) Dependency network does play a key role in software architecture;(2) The exponents of in-degree and total-degree distribution functions of different networks differ slightly,while the exponent of out-degree varies obviously;(3) Weak-coupling relationships have greater impact on software architecture than strong-coupling relationships.Finally,a theoretically analysis on these statistical phenomena is proposed from the perspectives of software develop technology,develop process and developer’s habits,respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (No.60472036)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.4052007)the Beijing Novel Program (No.2005B08).
文摘Construction of high resolution images from low resolution sequences is often im- portant in surveillance applications. In this letter, an affine based multi-scale block-matching image registration algorithm is first proposed. The images to be registered are divided into overlapped blocks of different size according to its motions. The Least Square (LS) image reg- istration algorithm is extended to match the blocks. Then an object based Super Resolution (SR) scheme is designed, the Maximum A Priori (MAP) super resolution algorithm is extended to enhance the resolution of the interest objects. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-scale registration method provides more accurate registration between frames. Further more, the object based super resolution scheme shows an enhanced performance compared with the traditional MAP method.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA01Z150)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60435020)
文摘To eliminate the mismatch between words of relevant documents and user's query and more seriousnegative effects it has on the performance of information retrieval,a method of query expansion on the ba-sis of new terms co-occurrence representation was put forward by analyzing the process of producingquery.The expansion terms were selected according to their correlation to the whole query.At the sametime,the position information between terms were considered.The experimental result on test retrievalconference(TREC)data collection shows that the method proposed in the paper has made an improve-ment of 5%～19% all the time than the language modeling method without expansion.Compared to thepopular approach of query expansion,pseudo feedback,the precision of the proposed method is competi-tive.
文摘The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, mathematics has permeated from natural scientific technology to agricultural construction, from economic activities to all areas of social life. Generally, when the actual problem requires us to provide quantitative results of analysis, forecasting, decision making, control and other aspects for real object under study, we are often inseparable from the application of mathematics. Mathematical modeling is the key to this process, whose purpose is to make mathematics applied to social and social services, and using mathematics to solve practical problems is through mathematical models. When using mathematical methods to solve some practical problems, we usually first transfer practical problems into mathematical language, and then abstract them into a mathematical model.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60374069） and the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technology （000Y01-3）.
文摘Because it is hard to search similar structure for low similarity unknown structure proteins directly from the Protein Data Bank （PDB） database, 3D-structure is modeled in this paper for secondary structure regular fragments （α-Helices, β-Strands） of such proteins by the protein secondary structure prediction software, the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLAST） and the side chain construction software SCWRL3. First, the protein secondary structure prediction software is adopted to extract secondary structure fragments from the unknown structure proteins. Then, regular fragments are regulated by BLAST based on comparative modeling, providing main chain configurations. Finally, SCWRL3 is applied to assemble side chains for regular fragments, so that 3D-structure of regular fragments of low similarity unknown structure protein is obtained. Regular fragments of several neurotoxins are used for test. Simulation results show that the prediction errors are less than 0.06nm for regular fragments less than 10 amino acids, implying the simpleness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the simulation model have different development process. A simulation model developing process based on Five-Object Framework (FOF) is discussed in this paper. An example is given to demonstrate the applications of the proposed method.
基金The National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2005AA145110)The Pudong New Area Technology Innovation Public Service Platform of China (No. PDP2005-04)
文摘An identity-based verifiably committed signature scheme (IB-VCS) was proposed, which is proved secure in the standard model (i.e., without random oracles). It enjoys the setup-free property and stand-alone property, both of which make an exchange protocol more practical. The scheme is unconditionally secure against the cheating signer, its security against the cheating verifier is reduced to the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem in the underlying group, it is secure against the cheating trusted third party if the underlying Paterson Schuldt's identity based signature (IBS) scheme is secure, which is proven true based on the CDH assumption in the standard model.
文摘Through the establishment of music teaching effect evaluation model and the multimedia courseware evaluation model, which can effectively avoid the influence of subjective evaluation, the evaluation process will be simple and objective. Through the issuance of assessment questionnaire, each index is divided into four grades of excellent, good, poor, according to percentile scoring, the score of every index multiply corresponding weight, and then addition, and finally we can obtain the evaluation results.
