沥青路面表面纹理三维评价方法及其计算边界条件分析

为了综合评价沥青路面表面纹理的三维特征,推广表面纹理三维评价方法的应用,提出了一套适用性强、计算边界条件明晰的沥青路面表面纹理三维评价指标。首先,利用激光纹理扫描仪采集了不同沥青路面表面纹理的三维点云数据,并分别基于灰度共生矩阵理论和表面纹理偏离基准面的均匀程度,构建了表面纹理水平三维评价指标f_(8mac)、f_(9mac)、f_(8mic)、f_(9mic)和表面纹理分布均匀性三维评价指标σ;然后,以铺砂法、步行式摩擦系数仪和组合表面纹理分布均匀性的测试结果为基准,通过对比三维评价指标和现有二维评价指标与基准指标的相关性,验证了三维评价指标的有效性和优越性;最后,基于表面纹理三维评价指标的计算过程,明确了表面纹理三维评价指标的计算边界条件。研究结果表明:f_(8mac)和f_(8mic)与基准指标的相关系数R分别为0.934 8和0.803 0,优选f_(8mac)和f_(8mic)为表面纹理水平三维评价指标;现有的二维评价指标难以准确表征表面纹理的三维分布状态,指标σ可以有效地评价沥青路面表面纹理的三维分布均匀性;只有在相同的计算边界条件下,表面纹理三维评价指标才具有可比性。研究成果有望为沥青路面表面纹理三维评价方法的推广应用提供理论借鉴。

济青高速铁路(40+70+70+40)m槽型连续梁设计研究

槽型连续梁的优点是能够最大限度地降低线路纵断面,节约投资。国内槽型梁应用较晚,在建的济青高铁(40+70+70+40)m槽型连续梁将成为国内外跨度最大的高速铁路双线预应力混凝土槽型连续梁。为推进连续槽型梁在铁路桥梁中的应用,为类似的桥梁设计提供参考,本文充分研究了桥面布置、温度荷载、横向计算边界条件、车桥耦合动力分析等槽型梁关键设计参数。研究结果表明:(1)采用把人行道放在边箱顶的截面布置。(2)提出了运营阶段的温度荷载加载模式。(3)研究了跨中横框六片腹板下弹性支撑刚度。(4)确定了支反力在支点横梁六片腹板处的分配比例。(5)列车运行安全性和平稳性满足规范要求。

Solution of pavement temperature field in“Environment-Surface”system through Green's function

In order to simplify the boundary conditions of pavement temperature field,the "Environment-Surface" system which considered the natural environment and pavement surface was established.Based on this system,the partial differential equations of the one-dimensional heat conduction in the pavement were established on the basis of the heat transfer theory.Furthermore,the function forms of the initial and boundary conditions of the equations were created through the field experiments.The general solution of the pavement one-dimensional heat conduction partial differential equations was acquired by using Green's function,and the explicit expression of pavement temperature field under specific constraint conditions was derived.For the purpose of analysis,the pavement temperatures in different seasons were calculated using the explicit expression of pavement temperature field,and the calculation accuracy was analyzed through the comparison between measured and calculated values.Then,the relationship between fitting accuracy and calculation accuracy of pavement temperatures was analyzed.The analysis results show that: the usage of "Environment-Surface" system simplifies the calculation of pavement temperature field; the relative error between calculated and measured values is generally less than 7% and is seldom influenced by seasons; there is a positive correlation between the calculation accuracy and the fitting accuracy of pavement surface temperature; high fitting accuracy would result in less error of pavement temperature prediction.

Comparisons between unsteady sediment-transport modeling

The comparative study between unsteady flow models in alluvial streams shows a chaotic residue as for the choices of a forecasting model. The difficulty resides in the choice of the expressions of friction resistance and sediment transport. Three types of mathematical models were selected. Models of type one and two are fairly general, but require a considerable number of boundary conditions, which related to each size range of sediments. It can be a handicap during rivers studies which are not very well followed in terms of experimental measurements. Also, the use of complex models is not always founded. But then, the model of type three requires a limited number of boundary conditions and solves only a system of three equations at each time step. It allows a considerable saving in calculating times.

The implementation of an improved NPML absorbing boundary condition in elastic wave modeling

In elastic wave forward modeling, absorbing boundary conditions （ABC） are used to mitigate undesired reflections from the model truncation boundaries. The perfectly matched layer （PML） has proved to be the best available ABC. However, the traditional splitting PML （SPML） ABC has some serious disadvantages： for example, global SPML ABCs require much more computing memory, although the implementation is easy. The implementation of local SPML ABCs also has some difficulties, since edges and corners must be considered. The traditional non-splitting perfectly matched layer （NPML） ABC has complex computation because of the convolution. In this paper, based on non-splitting perfectly matched layer （NPML） ABCs combined with the complex frequency-shifted stretching function （CFS）, we introduce a novel numerical implementation method for PML absorbing boundary conditions with simple calculation equations, small memory requirement, and easy programming.

Consolidation analysis of composite foundation with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles under changing permeable boundary conditions

Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the underlying untreated stratum. Due to the changing permeability property of CFG piles, the whole consolidation process of the composite ground with CFG piles was divided into two stages, i.e., the early stage(permeable CFG pile bodies) and the later stage(impermeable pile bodies). Then, the consolidation equation of the composite foundation with CFG piles was established by using the Terzaghi one-dimensional consolidation theory. Consequently, the unified formula to calculate the excess pore water pressure was derived with the specific solutions for the consolidation degree of composite ground, reinforced area and underlying stratum under instant load obtained respectively. Finally, combined with a numerical example, influencing rules by main factors(including the replacement rate m, the treatment depth h1, the permeability coefficient Ks1, Kv2 and compression modulus Es1, Es2 of reinforced area and underlying stratum) on the consolidation property of composite ground with CFG piles were discussed in detail. The result shows that the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slower than that of the reinforced area. However, the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slow at first then fast as a result of the transferring of effective stress to the underlying stratum during the dissipating process of excess pore water pressure.

The Impacts of Initial Perturbations on the Computational Stability of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

The impacts of initial perturbations on the computational stability of nonlinear evolution equations for non-conservative difference schemes and non-periodic boundary conditions are studied through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments for the case of onedimensional equations.The sensitivity of the difference scheme to initial values is further analyzed.The results show that the computational stability primarily depends on the form of the initial values if the difference scheme and boundary conditions are determined.Thus,the computational stability is sensitive to the initial perturbations.

端部受压物体的承载极限

对端部受压物体的承载极限进行了研究,并给出了端都受压物体承载极限的计算公式。

Large deflection of clamped circular plate and accuracy of its approximate analytical solutions

A different set of governing equations on the large deflection of plates are derived by the principle of virtual work(PVW), which also leads to a different set of boundary conditions. Boundary conditions play an important role in determining the computation accuracy of the large deflection of plates. Our boundary conditions are shown to be more appropriate by analyzing their difference with the previous ones. The accuracy of approximate analytical solutions is important to the bulge/blister tests and the application of various sensors with the plate structure. Different approximate analytical solutions are presented and their accuracies are evaluated by comparing them with the numerical results. The error sources are also analyzed. A new approximate analytical solution is proposed and shown to have a better approximation. The approximate analytical solution offers a much simpler and more direct framework to study the plate-membrane transition behavior of deflection as compared with the previous approaches of complex numerical integration.

Boundary element method for calculation of elastic wave transmission in two-dimensional phononic crystals

A boundary element method(BEM) is presented to compute the transmission spectra of two-dimensional(2-D) phononic crystals of a square lattice which are finite along the x-direction and infinite along the y-direction.The cross sections of the scatterers may be circular or square.For a periodic cell,the boundary integral equations of the matrix and the scatterers are formulated.Substituting the periodic boundary conditions and the interface continuity conditions,a linear equation set is formed,from which the elastic wave transmission can be obtained.From the transmission spectra,the band gaps can be identified,which are compared with the band structures of the corresponding infinite systems.It is shown that generally the transmission spectra completely correspond to the band structures.In addition,the accuracy and the efficiency of the boundary element method are analyzed and discussed.