颗粒移动床内不稳定运动的计算颗粒动力学模拟

采用考虑滚动摩擦的三方程离散单元法(DEM)模型对侧开孔的移动床中的颗粒流动进行了数值研究。结果表明,计算颗粒动力学(CGD)方法可对复杂颗粒系统内颗粒的运动行为进行准确的预测,包括时均速度场和脉动速度场。讨论了模型中颗粒摩擦参数的重要影响,并对颗粒流动表现出的间歇现象进行了分析。颗粒流动与流体流动有相似之处,都存在随机的脉动,但颗粒流的随机脉动机理与流体中的湍流机理有很大不同,颗粒流动会表现出很强的不连续性。

基于计算颗粒流体动力学的流化床气固两相流场特性分析

基于计算颗粒流体动力学数值模拟方法,研究了喷动速度、背景流速和颗粒粒径等参数对流化床气固两相流场特性的影响。研究表明,喷动速度对流化床流场特性影响最大;在一定范围内,喷动速度越快,背景流速越慢,越有利于流化床的内循环;颗粒粒径对流化床气固流场的影响则无明显规律。

啤酒糟流化床气化中颗粒粒径对气固流动和产气影响的CPFD模拟

我国酿酒工业每年产生大量废弃啤酒糟,其具有挥发分含量高、硫含量低的特点,特别适合作为气化原料,而流化床气化炉以优异的气固混合和温度均匀性而著称,通过流化床气化实现啤酒糟的资源化和能源化利用具有重要意义。为探究啤酒糟流化床气化过程中颗粒粒径对气固流动行为和产气的影响,基于计算颗粒流体动力学(CPFD)方法,对以空气和水蒸气为气化剂的啤酒糟鼓泡流化床气化过程进行了数值模拟,研究了床料粒径和啤酒糟粒径的影响。通过CPFD数值模拟,获得了鼓泡流化床气化炉内颗粒体积分数分布、酒糟和床料的颗粒分布等流动特征,以及产气中主要气体组分的摩尔分数。借助鼓泡流化床气化实验装置,研究了床料粒径和啤酒糟粒径对产气中各气体组分体积分数的影响规律,并对数值模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明,床料粒径的增加不利于气化炉内的充分流态化和颗粒混合,使气化炉内温度沿高度的分布不均匀,并且不利于碳颗粒和水蒸气的充分混合以及气固反应和气相反应的均匀吸放热,造成H_(2)摩尔分数显著降低;啤酒糟粒径的适当增大有助于延长其在气化炉内的停留时间,从而提高固态碳与水蒸气、二氧化碳之间的反应转化率,生成更多的H_(2)和CO,但过大的啤酒糟粒径会造成啤酒糟和床料的混合较差,使啤酒糟比表面积减小,不利于热解和气化反应,导致H_(2)、CO、CH_(4)和NH_(3)等可燃组分的摩尔分数均降低。

循环流化床生物质颗粒掺混流动特性CPFD模拟

针对循环流化床(CFB)燃煤锅炉掺混生物质颗粒对床内颗粒流动特性的影响,文中基于计算颗粒流体动力学(CPFD)方法对CFB内煤炭颗粒掺混生物质颗粒的混合流动特性进行模拟研究,考察床层压降,并分析生物质掺混比以及不同的掺混方式对颗粒流动特性的影响。结果表明:掺混质量分数15%生物质的混合颗粒最小流化速度为0.7 m/s;生物质掺混比例的增加使最小流化速度有所提升,但提升程度不大;此外,2种颗粒的堆积方式对颗粒流动特性存在影响,当生物质堆积在煤炭上方时,会阻碍床层内颗粒的正常流化,出现节涌现象。

Size dependent flow behaviors of particles in hydrocyclone based on multiphase simulation

To investigate the flow behaviors of different size particles in hydrocyclone,a designed process was numerically simulated by the transient solver,where the quartz particles possessing a size distribution were injected into a 100 mm diameter hydrocyclone with the steady water field and air core inside.A lab experimental work has validated the chosen models in simulation by comparing the classification efficiency results.The simulated process shows that the 25 μm quartz particles,close to the cut size,need much more time than the finer and coarser particles to reach the steady flow rate on the outlets of hydrocyclone.For the particles in the inner swirl,with the quartz size increasing from 5 to 25 μm,the particles take more time to enter the vortex finder.The 25 μm quartz particles move outward in the radial direction when they go up to the vortex finder,which is contrary to the quartz particles of 5 μm and 15 μm as they are closely surrounding the air core.The studies reveal that the flow behaviors of particles inside the hydrocyclone depend on the particle size.

煤气化装置中的粉煤流量调节阀数值模拟研究

粉煤流量调节阀是气流床粉煤气化技术中用于控制粉煤流量的关键装置,其内部流场特性研究对粉煤调节阀的结构设计和工艺操作控制具有重要影响。借助计算颗粒流体动力学(CPFD)的数值模拟方法,研究了粉煤流量调节阀内气固两相流动特征。结果表明,CPFD数值模拟方法适合于研究工业规模的粉煤流经调节阀的气固两相流动过程,并获得了阀门流量特性曲线和气固两相流经调节阀的沿程压力、速度和浓度等分布规律。

300MW循环流化床气固流动及燃烧过程数值模拟研究及工程应用

基于计算颗粒流体动力学(computational particle fluid dynamics,CPFD)数值模拟方法,开展了300 MW循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉数值模拟研究。通过现场试验获得了数值模拟的关键参数,数值模拟与现场试验结果的对比验证了数值模拟结果的有效性。在此基础上,对循环流化床炉内气固流动特性、温度场分布规律等进行了分析,为现场优化运行提供了理论基础。

干煤粉气化工艺煤粉流量调节阀数值模拟

高压粉煤流量调节阀是在煤气化工艺装置中用于调节氧-煤比的关键设备。利用计算颗粒流体动力学(CPFD)方法对带有稳流管的高压粉煤流量调节阀在100%和16%开度下的工况进行模拟,重点考察了沿程压力、沿程颗粒速度、沿程颗粒质量浓度等流动特性参数的变化。结果表明:气固两相流经过调节阀一定距离后达到稳定流动,稳定流动下100%和16%开度下颗粒平均速度分别为8,6.6 m/s,颗粒平均质量浓度分别为250,240 kg/m^3;基于阀门出口压力、颗粒速度和颗粒质量浓度分布特性的分析,建议稳流管段至少为500 mm以确保气固两相流动充分发展。研究结果对高压粉煤流量调节阀的设计和控制具有一定的参考价值。

Effect of auxiliary ventilations on diesel particulate matter dispersion inside a dead-end entry

Diesel particulate matter(DPM) is considered carcinogenic after prolonged exposure. This paper used computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method to study the effect of four auxiliary ventilation systems on DPM distribution in a dead-end entry with loading operation. The auxiliary ventilation systems considered include: blower fan and tubing; exhaust fan and tubing, jet fan, and push–pull system. A species transport model with buoyancy effect was used to examine the DPM dispersion pattern with unsteady state analysis. During the 200 s of the loading operation, high DPM levels were identified in the face and dead-end entry regions. This study can be used for mining engineer as guidance to design and setup of local ventilation. It can also be used for selection of DPM control strategies and DPM annual training for underground miners.

Effect of floor level slit exhaust ventilation system on distribution of house dust

Based on the fact that the house dust usually falls on the ground, the floor level slit exhaust ventilation system including inlet located at the ceiling and outlet of slit exhaust installed at comer between wall and floor was considered. Experiments and simulations were performed to investigate the flow and diffusion fields that are affected by this floor level slit exhaust ventilation system. The characteristics of airflow with experiments and computation fluid dynamics （CFD） are generally similar except airflow at the location of impinging flow and the location right below the inlet. Riboflavin particles were used as the house dust. For the spatial distribution of riboflavin particles in the ventilation system before operation, due to the influence of gravity, different sizes of particles show smooth decay curve. After floor level slit exhaust ventilation system is operated, the decay rate of the particles becomes faster than that after the ventilation system is powered on, and the particles with diameter of 0.5-3.0 μm in the experimental data and calculated values show good agreement.

Numerical simulation of particle deposition in obstructive human airways

To investigate airflow pattern and its impact on particle deposition, finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were conducted in the diseased triple-bifitrcation airways. Computations were carried out for twenty Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 2 000 in the step of 100. Particles in the size range of 1-10 μm were conducted. Two particle deposition mechanisms （gravitational sedimentation and inertial impaction） were considered. The results indicate that there are strong relationship between airflow structures and particle deposition patterns. Deposition efficiency is different for different particles in the whole range of the respiratory rates. Particles in different sizes can deposit at different sites. Smaller particles can be uniformly deposited at the inside wall of the considered model. Larger particles can be mainly deposited in the proximal bifurcations. Deposition fraction varies a lot for different inlet Reynolds numbers. For lower Reynolds numbers, deposition fraction is relatively small and varies a little with varying the diameters. For Reynolds number to target the aerosols at the specific site. higher Reynolds numbers, there is a most efficient diameter for each

基于后燃烧技术的CFB锅炉低氮燃烧数值模拟

为促进循环流化床(Circulating Fluidized Bed,CFB)锅炉氮氧化物(NO_(x))深度抑制,采用计算颗粒流体动力学(Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics,CPFD)方法建立了CFB锅炉全回路流动及燃烧数值模型,通过与锅炉运行数据的对比验证了模型的可靠性。耦合后燃烧技术后,分别研究循环流化床中过量空气比、一次风率和上下二次风比对炉膛燃烧和NO_(x)排放的影响。结果表明,贫氧燃烧造成的高CO摩尔分数区有利于NO_(x)还原。使用后燃烧技术后,炉膛还原氛围增强,NO_(x)排放由174.6 mg/m^(3)降至114.2 mg/m^(3)。结合空气分级,优化一次风率及上下二次风比例后,CO排放由基础工况的3.4×10^(-5)增至7.1×10^(-5),燃烧效率略微降低,NO_(x)排放进一步减少。较优工况下,NO_(x)排放由174.6 mg/m^(3)降至76.3 mg/m^(3),NO_(x)排放减少了56.3%,炉膛温度分布均匀。研究结果可为后燃烧技术应用于CFB锅炉提供理论支持。