There are many experimental approaches,field investigations and numerical calculations for movements of woods in a clear water and debris flow.However,kinematic conditions for accumulated logs and the interactions bet...There are many experimental approaches,field investigations and numerical calculations for movements of woods in a clear water and debris flow.However,kinematic conditions for accumulated logs and the interactions between a main flow and logs have not been fully evaluated.Mitigations for woods need taking into account the characteristics of tree species such as conifer and broad-leaf trees and of shapes such as root swells and crown.In the present study,we focus on the differences in specific weight of conifer and broad-leaf trees with some moisture in a sediment-water mixture flow with narrow flow width,and consider that conifer and broad-leaf tree are floating and submerged solid phase,respectively.Flume tests are conducted in steady flow of clear and debris flow over a rigid bed in order to evaluate conifer and broad-leaf tree movement in clear water and debris flow.Experimental data indicates that dimensionless transverse diffusion coefficient can be 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.3 to 0.9 in flow direction.Those diffusive characteristics seem to be independent of Reynolds number and Froude number,but dependent of bed slope,i.e.,gravity,though detailed considerations are needed to discuss about flow characteristics such as spatial eddy structures,momentum transfer induced by interactions of logs and so on.展开更多
Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, lea...Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.展开更多
开放存取(open access,OA)是当前科技期刊出版的焦点,为科技期刊的发展带来了机遇和挑战。本文概述OA运动中占有主导地位的两方在OA出版中的现状:公共基金资助机构对OA出版的诉求和传统大型出版商的OA转型;结合Web of Science数据库对O...开放存取(open access,OA)是当前科技期刊出版的焦点,为科技期刊的发展带来了机遇和挑战。本文概述OA运动中占有主导地位的两方在OA出版中的现状:公共基金资助机构对OA出版的诉求和传统大型出版商的OA转型;结合Web of Science数据库对OA出版现状进行计量学调查,提出了OA出版处于初级阶段的论点并总结了各学科OA出版的发展程度。从论文的出版数量和期刊的数量及影响力来看,传统期刊和混合期刊是目前主要的出版模式。展开更多
基金supported by Research Budget from Research and Development Center,NIPPON KOEI Co.,Ltd (Research theme:Modeling for debris flow with woods and their applicability)
文摘There are many experimental approaches,field investigations and numerical calculations for movements of woods in a clear water and debris flow.However,kinematic conditions for accumulated logs and the interactions between a main flow and logs have not been fully evaluated.Mitigations for woods need taking into account the characteristics of tree species such as conifer and broad-leaf trees and of shapes such as root swells and crown.In the present study,we focus on the differences in specific weight of conifer and broad-leaf trees with some moisture in a sediment-water mixture flow with narrow flow width,and consider that conifer and broad-leaf tree are floating and submerged solid phase,respectively.Flume tests are conducted in steady flow of clear and debris flow over a rigid bed in order to evaluate conifer and broad-leaf tree movement in clear water and debris flow.Experimental data indicates that dimensionless transverse diffusion coefficient can be 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.3 to 0.9 in flow direction.Those diffusive characteristics seem to be independent of Reynolds number and Froude number,but dependent of bed slope,i.e.,gravity,though detailed considerations are needed to discuss about flow characteristics such as spatial eddy structures,momentum transfer induced by interactions of logs and so on.
文摘Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.
文摘开放存取(open access,OA)是当前科技期刊出版的焦点,为科技期刊的发展带来了机遇和挑战。本文概述OA运动中占有主导地位的两方在OA出版中的现状:公共基金资助机构对OA出版的诉求和传统大型出版商的OA转型;结合Web of Science数据库对OA出版现状进行计量学调查,提出了OA出版处于初级阶段的论点并总结了各学科OA出版的发展程度。从论文的出版数量和期刊的数量及影响力来看,传统期刊和混合期刊是目前主要的出版模式。
