Reflections on the Research Status Quo of CDA in China

Since its birth in Britain in the late 1970s, critical discourse analysis （CDA, for short） has attracted great attention of western linguists. At present, some scholars in our country have devoted themselves to the study of CDA and the study results are rewarding. However, some insufficiencies do exist in the research, such as the over-simplification of theories, excessive attention paid to theories rather than practice and neglect of nurturing critical thinking etc. Therefore, the author proposes to associate CDA with cognitive linguistics and interpret the research methods and the practical values of CDA in a wholly new perspective in terms of the analysis of the cohesion of the cognitive schema, ideology and notions from the information receivers and senders.

低年级识字教学三步曲

识字不仅是阅读和写作的基础,也是文化素质养成和提高的第一步,特别是低年级学生的识字能力还关系到开发儿童的智慧潜能,发展他们的创新精神和创造能力。因此,识字教学是语文教学的一项重要任务,是低年级语文教学的重中之重。

关于非主Hopf曲面的模空间(英文)

构造了S1上S3／H-丛的所有复结构的模空间，其中丛的转换函数μ：S3／H→S3／H是S3／H的一个对合，HU（2）；H为有限群且在S3／H上的作用是自由的．真不连续的．

Formal analysis of robust email protocol based on authentication tests

Based on the authentication tests and the strand space model, the robust email protocol with perfect forward secrecy is formally analyzed, and the security shortcomings of the protocol is pointed out. Meanwhile, the man-in-the-middle attack to the protocol is given, where the attacker forges the messages in the receiving phase to cheat the two communication parties and makes them share the wrong session keys with him. Therefore, the protocol is not ensured to provide perfect forward secrecy. In order to overcome the above security shortcomings, an advanced email protocol is proposed, where the corresponding signatures in the receiving phase of the protocol are added to overcome the man-in-the-middle attack and ensure to provide perfect forward secrecy. Finally, the proposed advanced email protocol is formally analyzed with the authentication tests and the strand space model, and it is proved to be secure in authentication of the email sender, the recipient and the server. Therefore, the proposed advanced email protocol can really provide perfect forward secrecy.

Physical, Epistemological and Metaphysical Perspectives on Quantum Theory： Constructed Experience？

This paper will present questions from three perspectives about Quantum Mechanics （QM）： physics, epistemological, and metaphysical. The quantum phenomena do not fit with the parameters of classical physics, so a daily intuition on macroscopic world is dispensable when it is the quantum object investigated. This physical domain induces a new thinking, which requires also new concepts to describe such object. The QM is disturbing and stimulates epistemological reflections, as the issues of access about what is known; and metaphysical theme are not to be left behind with regard to QM： What would the quantum object to？ What is apprehended when this object is perceived, once considered the disturbing characteristics that constitute its physical description： interference and non-separability？ What is its nature？ This paper focuses briefly on the analysis of B. d＇Espagnat in Veiled Reality, which would represent the physical perspective of QT; for epistemological questions, one will resort to the Kantian conception of knowledge; and with regard to the metaphysical perspective, we will rely on an article by Professor J. B. Arenhart. It is necessary to note that the question that pervades in this paper is about if the experience in QM is built. Thus, we will try to seek clarity on the philosophical issues through QT, regarding the problems about the possibility of knowledge of the quantum object and its nature, and whether experience in this case is built. But furthermore, the QM instigates us to think whether metaphysics proceeds on the investigation of nature when it comes to the QM. And such a question is more than to have as problem as the scope of the description of physical data, but rather whether it makes sense or whether metaphysical research is pertinent to the QM.

Subversive Abjection and Sublimity in Jeanette Winterson＇s Representation of the Fantastic A Study of The Passion and Sexing the Cherry

Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.

A comprehensive fractal char combustion model

The char combustion mechanisms were analyzed and a comprehensive fractal char combustion model was developed to give a better understanding and better predictions of the char combustion characteristics. Most of the complex factors affecting the char combustion were included, such as the coupling effects between the pore diffusion and the chemical reactions, the evolution of the char pore structures and the variation of the apparent reaction order during combustion, the CO/CO_2 ratio in the combustion products and the correction for oxy-char combustion. Eleven different chars were then combusted in two drop tube furnaces with the conversions of the partly burned char samples measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion processes of these chars were simulated with the predicted char conversions matching very well with the measured data which shows that this char combustion model has good accuracy. The apparent reaction order of the char combustion decreases, stabilizes and then increases during the combustion process. The combustion rates in the oxy-mode are generally slower than in the air-mode and the effect of the char-CO_2 gasification reaction becomes obvious only when the temperature is relatively high and the O_2 concentration is relatively low.

Informal Logic： Between Logic and Epistemology

Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？

Wittgenstein and Kuhn on Paradigm

Wittgenstein in Philosophical Investigations and On Certainty develops a revolutionary conception of knowledge, of philosophy of language, and of philosophy of science. Very close to language-games is a concept that is important but did not attract much attention, the one of paradigm. In this paper this concept is analyzed together with notions such as context, use, reference, language-games, reality, science, truth, method, propositions, among others by means of which a new view of epistemology emerges. As for Kuhn, paradigm is his most known notion and his biggest contribution to innovate the history of science. I contrast these two conceptions and conclude that they have different uses, and that some difficulties that emerge from Kuhn＇s concept of paradigm would be dissolved if we take into consideration Witt^enstein＇s aooroaches of language and the uses it has in our life forms.

The Colourlessness of the Zener Diode

This short paper is about art and science and the human struggle to figure out the world we live in. It is also about the imagination and human progress, rationality and subjectivity, as well as the development of devices to ascertain out accurate knowledge--and yet the imagination and forms of thought are themselves devices that are integral to mechanical inventions. At the core of the subject under discussion, the aesthetic can be found reasons for the existence of other phenomena, the rational and the sensitive, epistemology and phenomenology, fulfilling human pleasure and necessity, and moving forward a humanized cosmos. Somewhere seems to rise and grow afresh a precise image of what we actually are and it can be revealed simply by being in the world and experiencing it on the basis of the mind-body-worM or by extending human senses through technology.

Trends of the Transformation of Urban Form in Arab Cities with Specific Reference to AI-Khobar

The paper analyzes the current trends of urban transformation and delineates an underlying rationale which enables the comprehension of the current character of Arab city with particular reference to Al-Khobar. The city form is subjected to a re-reading arguments of which are based on critical interpretation of the mechaitisms of urban morphology in relation not only to the impacts of global economy and building boom but also to the means of perception of urban space by different strata of the urban realm. Thus, urban morphology of the city is studied as a medium which manifests a dissociation, and thus duality, between social structure and its physical container. The paper further argues that uncritical import of urban and architectural typologies seem to create a peculiar type of urban-architectural forgery that is usually reduced to skin-deep facade mimicry. Particularly, solo performances of shiny high-rise buildings and sharp contrasts of street fronts between main arteries and back streets depict impressions of fragmentation and segregation. The emerging urban-scape that can be associated with the cultural and economic leap in Arab regions today is critically evaluated. Thus, the paper proposes judicious and critical planning policy instead of direct import of global urban-architectural typologies.

Different Forms of Rationalities in Aristotle： From Being to Acting

Every philosophical system of Aristotle is structured around different forms of rationalities. Each form of rationality, according to its method, object, and purpose, seeks to apprehend and to know a specific dimension of being, because being manifests itself in many ways, that is, the totality of reality. Yet, each form of understanding the being has its epistemological and ontological status, always anchored in the logic criteria. In general, the aim of the paper is to characterize some aspects of the main forms of rationalities in the thought of Aristotle, i.e., demonstrative, dialectic, physics, metaphysics, productive, and practices. But before that, succinctly, it is necessary to talk about the different dimensions of being and teleology.

A Model on the Source of Language Vagueness

Vagueness of language has long been explored in the fields of philosophy and logic. Although Zadeh put forward fuzzy sets theory which was considered to be a decent quantitative instrument for the study of language vagueness, the source of vagueness still remains a disputed issue. As the study of vagueness goes further, researchers attached more and more attention to the relation between language-cognition- reality, especially in the cognitive field. Thus we found that it would be more satisfied with the issue to construct a relation-model between five factors： reality, concept, human, language, and context. This model, which is different from the semantic triangle in explicating the factors, human and context, may help to explain the nature of vagueness and reclassify the language vagueness.

COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT OF INPUT:A MICROANALYSIS OF CLOSE READING

Close Reading (Shen 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006) is a four-volume series of intensive-reading textbooks tailored for Chinese college majors of English. In order to build up a state-of-the-art framework for the design of the textbook, we integrated the achievements of cognitive science with the relevant L2 research because we regarded cognitive science as home to L2 research. This vantage stance led to the attempt to enhance the conceptual dimensions in form-meaning relation. Basically, we have targeted at two kinds of input for enhancement in the series of Close Reading: 1) input embodying culture-specific imaginative concepts, and 2) input embodying conventional imaginative concepts that are yet to be activated for further assimilation by the learner. The present microanalysis examines a number of sample tasks drawn from the series of the textbooks to inquire into the cognitive approach.

BP-PSO-based intelligent case retrieval method for high-rise structural form selection

Modern architectures are developing in the direction of tall buildings and complex structures,and the theoretical analysis and the design experience have seriously lagged behind the construction of super high-rise structures.Structural form selection,especially the case based reasoning (CBR) based structural form selection,is a promising tool for the construction of high-rise structures.In view of the limit of cognitive ability of domain experts,a BP (back propagation)-PSO (particle swarm optimization)-based intelligence case retrieval method for high-rise structural form selection is proposed.The CBR-based case retrieval method and the construction of the BP-PSO neutral network are introduced.And then the BP-PSO-based case retrieval method is validated by some engineering cases.The results of training and prediction indicate that the proposed method has good ability to retrieve the cases of high-rise structures.

Yan’an Writings by Writers from Abroad(1934-1949)

In the 1930s and 1940s,foreign writers gathered in Yan’an drew the curtain back on recognition of China’s international image through their writings on the“red Mecca.”The international perspective on the image of Yan’an was shaped by the combined efforts of Yan’an writings by foreign writers and journalists in the interlocking cultural context of history and society.With revolutionary individual consciousness and high artistic creativity,the Yan’an narration of foreign writers had striking shared characteristics:a real sense of presence and a realistic significance beyond their times.Their discovery of the revolutionary power generated by the Chinese people and their calling for and shaping of“heroes of the masses”and their pursuit of“the character of the people”represented the spiritual dimension of their Yan’an writings,a dimension that was distinct from that of local writers.The foreign writers’creative practice and the creative experience of local writers refracted off each other,juxtaposing mirror images of Yan’an at home and abroad and promoting the modernity and cosmopolitanism of Yan’an literature in the intertextuality between reality and literature.Together with local writers,writers from abroad participated in the creation of Chinese revolutionary history and culture,bringing their personal discourse into the discourse of China’s new era and completing the restatement of their cultural identity.The global identity of Yan’an went through a difficult process of historical self-creation,breaking through the limitations of its international image and realizing the self-proving nature of modern Chinese history.

Formal Analysis of Authentication in 802.11i

Authentication is the basis of the security of IEEE 802.11i standard. The authentication process in 802.11i involves two important protocols： a 4-way handshake and a group key handshake. A formal analysis of authentication in 802.11i is given via a belief multisets formalism. The analysis shows that the 4-way handshake and the group key handshake may provide satisfactory mutual authentication, key management, and issue of a new group temporal key from an access point to a user device, under the guarantee of mutual possession of a confidential palrwise master key. The analysis also shows that there exists a denial of service attack in the 4-way handshake and some seeming redundancies are useful in the protocol implementation.