汉字认知器的研制

汉字形声结构构成业已熟悉的认知原型。汉字发展形声结构的能产性,取决于信息处理"打包"认知模式,由此带来认知机制上原型归类识别的方便。二次解构与认知干扰。相对于隶变篆文"解构"过程,草书流行算得上是第二次"解构"。二次解构打乱了各种结构类型认知模式,包括构成部件可以替代归并变换规则(草书章程),释放出成批过渡形体,有的被历史字汇固定为"定型楷字"。二次解构所带来的楷书结构认知干扰,似乎一向并未引起相关调查研究者的充分关注。历代字汇都是静态积淀的结果,毋宁说是历史条件制约的产物,根本无法反映汉字的实际使用情况和异常丰富的演变信息。过渡性形体是观察字形变化趋向的关键环节,也是构建汉字认知关联的途径。因此,努力复原汉字使用历史过程,特别是恢复解构变异过程所产生的大量中介过渡状态字迹线索,是实现对汉字发展史真实观察、客观描写的主要因素。梳理过渡形体,可以实现将被固定为静态的字形置于动态的使用历史过程考察,为汉字的理解提供前所未有的可能性,从而使复杂字际关系定义、各种所谓"疑难字"的辨识,不啻恢复已经失落的联系环节、重建认识线索。中介字迹及过渡形体,对拓展汉字发展的认知渠道具有不可替代的价值。形声结构与认知原型归类、二次解构过程带来过渡形体的各类语料库大数据坐标设定,构成了汉字认知工具即"汉字认知器"的研制平台体系。

人工神经网络认知器用于模式识别的方法研究

认知器是从视觉信息处理机制中导出来的神经网络模型，它在模式识别方面具有独特的能力，适用于视觉信息处理应用。针对认知器的突触连接数量巨大、学习过程计算复杂等问题，通过特殊的训练和识别算法，在微机上模拟认知器神经网络，用它来解决模式识别问题。通过用手写体数字进行训练和识别。

引航中国特色翻译研究与教育——《道器并重,学识兼谈——翻译认知、教育、践行讲谈自选集》评介

《道器并重,学识兼谈——翻译认知、教育、践行讲谈自选集》一书为何刚强教授近十多年的讲座集成,包括学问之道、译论探讨、思接杏坛、技艺识小和附录五个部分。作者就如何进行翻译研究、中国翻译理论创新、翻译人才培养等议题提出了颇具见地的观点。研习本书有助于翻译学习者更深刻地认识翻译,有助于翻译研究者掌握学问之道及找到解决中国翻译理论研究难创新问题的“药方”,也对提升我国翻译专业人才培养质量有益。

认知过程的经验基础

最近几年,法国国家科研中心、社会科学高等研究院共属的心理实验室,在J·Mehler教授的领导下,从多方面特别是心理语言学方面,对认知的心理过程展开了经验研究,获得了许多科学资料,并且提出了若干富有启发性的理论见解。这些成果集中地反映在J.Mehler教授最近发表的“从心理学到认知科学”一文中。本文希望将其中的主要部分,连同该实验室的某些工作一并介绍给国内认知领域的读者。

生物医学知识整合论(Ⅸ)——献给电子病历

本文讨论了病历陈述性数据的认知目标和6类广义数据生成器,病历数据的生成属性、表达属性及数据单元的基本结构、认知属性及顺逆向认知方向,数据的语义运算,最后应用实例再次讨论了生物医学知识整合论的知识背景空间的实质及与推理的关系并描述了建立知识背景空间的过程。

Energy-aware cooperative spectrum sensingfor underground cognitive sensor networks

With the development of wireless technologies,multifarious standards are currently used in the underground coal mine communication systems.In this paper,the coexistence of 802.15.4 based wireless senser networks （WSNs） with other wireless networks using cognitive radio technique are discussed.Multiple sensor nodes are involved in the spectrum sensing to avoid the interference from other wireless users.The more the sensor nodes cooperate in the sensing,the better the detection performance can be obtained; however,more energy is consumed.How to get the tradeoff between energy efficiency and detection performance is a key problem.According to the requirements for detection,we first give the least required detection time of a single sensor node.Then,the voting fusion rule is adopted for the final decision making.Finally,the relationship between final detection performance and energy consumption is analyzed.

Inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherence in patients with mild cognitive impairment at rest and during working memory task

Objective： To assess functional relationship by calculating inter- and intra-hemispheric electroencephalography （EEG） coherence at rest and during a working memory task of patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. Methods： The sample consisted of 69 subjects： 35 patients （n = 17 males, n = 18 females; 52-71 years old） and 34 normal controls （n = 17 males, n = 17 females; 51 -63 years old）. Mini-mental state examination （MMSE） of two groups revealed that the scores of MCI patients did not differ significantly from those of normal controls （P〉0.05）. In EEG recording, subjects were performed at rest and during working memory task. EEG signals from F3-F4, C3-C4, P3-P4, T5-T6 and O1-O2 electrode pairs are resulted from the inter-hemispheric action, and EEG signals from F3-C3, F4-C4, C3-P3, C4-P4, P3-O1, P4-O2, T5-C3, T6-C4, T5-P3 and T6-P4 electrode pairs are resulted from the intra-hemispheric action for delta （1.0-3.5 Hz）, theta （4.0-7.5 Hz）, alpha-1 （8.0-10.0 Hz）, alpha-2 （10.5-13.0 Hz）, beta-1 （13.5-18.0 Hz） and beta-2 （18.5-30.0 Hz） frequency bands. The influence of inter- and intra-hemispheric coherence on EEG activity with eyes closed was examined using fast Fourier transformation from the 16 sampled channels. Results： During working memory tasks, the inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherences in all bands were significantly higher in the MCI group in comparison with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. However, there was no significant difference in inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherences between two groups at rest. Conclusion： Experimental results comprise evidence that MCI patients have higher degree of functional connectivity between hemispheres and in hemispheres during working condition, It suggests that MCI may be associated with compensatory processes during working memory tasks between hemispheres and in hemispheres. Moreover, failure of normal cortical connections may exist in MCI patients.

Determination of Threshold for Energy Detection in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

The Internet of Things （loT） is called the world＇ s third wave of the information industry. As the core technology of IoT, Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks （CRSN） technology can improve spectrum utilization efficiency and lay a sofid foundation for large-scale application of IoT. Reliable spectrum sensing is a crucial task of the CR. For energy de- tection, threshold will determine the probability of detection （Pd） and the probability of false alarm Pf at the same time. While the threshold increases, Pd and Pf will both decrease. In this paper we focus on the maximum of the difference of Pd and Pf, and try to find out how to determine the threshold with this precondition. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively approach the ideal optimal result.

Cooperative Jamming for Enhancing Security of Cognitive Radio Networks with Multiple Primary Users

In cognitive radio networks(CRNs), through recruiting secondary user(SU) as friendly jammer, the secrecy rate obtained by primary user(PU) can be improved. Previous work only considered a simple scenario with a single PU in their frameworks. In this paper, we will consider a more complicated scenario with multiple PUs and try to investigate the cooperative jamming between multiple PUs and a single SU. When there are multiple PUs in CRN, in order to obtain more spectrum for data transmission, SU will cooperate with multiple PUs at the same time. Considering that both PU and SU are rational and selfish individuals, the interaction between PUs and SU is formulated as a multi-leaders and single-follower Stackelberg game, wherein PU is the leader and SU is the follower. And the Stackelberg Equilibrium(SE) is considered as the final decisions accepted by all PUs and SU. Furthermore, we also prove that when a specific condition is satisfied, the existence of SE can be guaranteed. And a Gauss-Jacobi iterative algorithm is proposed to compute a SE. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the performance and demonstrate that both of the PUs' secrecy rate and the SU's transmission rate can be improved through cooperation.

An Autonomous Navigation Methodology for a Pioneer 3DX Robot

Autonomous navigation is a complex challenge that involves the interpretation and analysis of information about the scenario to facilitate the cognitive processes of a robot to perform free trajectories in dynamic environments. To solve this, the paper introduces a Case-Based Reasoning methodology to endow robots with an efficient decision structure aiming of selecting the best maneuver to avoid collisions. In particular, Manhattan Distance was implemented to perform the retrieval process in CBR method. Four scenarios were depicted to run a set of experiments in order to validate the functionality of the implemented work. Finally, conclusions emphasize the advantages of CBR methodology to perform autonomous navigation in unknown and uncertain environments.

Resource allocation for relay assisted cognitive radio network

Different schemes, which performed channel, power and time allocation to enhance the network performance of overall end-to-end throughput for cooperative cognitive radio network, were investigated. Interference temperature limit of corresponding primary users was considered. Due to the constraints caused by multiple dual channels, the power allocation problem is non-convex and NP-hard. Based on geometric programming (GP), a novel and general algorithm, which turned the problem into a series of GP problems by logarithm approximation (LASGP), was proposed to efficiently solve it. Numerical results verify the efficiency and availability of the LASGP algorithm. Solutions of LASGP are provably convergent and globally optimal point can be observed as well as the channel allocation always outperforms power or timeslot allocation from simulations. Compared with schemes without any allocation, the scheme with joint channel, power and timeslot allocation significantly increases the overall end-to-end throughput by no less than 70% under same simulation conditions. This scheme can not only maximize the throughput by increasing total maximum power of relay node, but also outperform other resource allocation schemes when lower total maximum power of source and relay nodes is restricted. As the total maximum power of source node increases, the scheme with joint channel and timeslot allocation performs best in all schemes.

Throughput analysis for relay-aided interference channel in cognitive radio networks

This paper considers a two-user Gaussian interference channel aided by a single relay. Two source-destination pairs and the relay share a single common chaunel, and the relay assists both sources in communicating the messages to their respective destinations. This paper mainly focuses on the ＂amplify-and-forward＂ （AF） relaying strategy for relay, and derives upper bound and lower bound on achievable sum rate accordingly. Next, the application of the above model in cognitive radio （CR） networks is considered. The schemes that can ensure the coexistence of the secondary user with the primary user are proposed, in the sense that there is no rate degradation for the primary user due to sharing of the channel. Further, the throughput of the secondary user in different communication scenarios is investigated.

College English Curriculum Reform and Practice Based on Culture Cognitive Analysis From the New Media Prospective

With the increase of international cultural exchange, training and strengthening college students＇ cultural cognitive ability is a burgeoning research subject in today＇s foreign language teaching profession of colleges and universities Cross-cultural communication skills and cultural cognition abilities have become an important measure of the ability of the modem language talents. This paper tries to implement a comprehensive reform of college English curriculum system through an empirical research in order to improve students＇ cultural cognitive abilities and cross-cultural communicative competence and change the non-ideal situation in college English teaching. Its valuable experience can greatly promote language teaching and help other universities reform their college English curriculum.