Extended cognition is the thesis that vehicles realizing cognitive systems can possibly extend beyond traditional boundaries of brain, skin, or skull. It is a popular thesis because of its counterintuitive consequence...Extended cognition is the thesis that vehicles realizing cognitive systems can possibly extend beyond traditional boundaries of brain, skin, or skull. It is a popular thesis because of its counterintuitive consequence that coupled systems of vehicles of very different entities could form a realizer of one cognitive systems. Popular examples consist of human-handy-systems or human-notebook-systems, and it is a thesis that could non-dogmatically decide what individuates the realizers of cognitive systems. But the thesis is in need for individuation-criteria： How could we individuate a coupled system of different systems of vehicles？ We inspect some of the usually handled candidates for individuation-criteria and argue that in principal there will be no successful candidate due to methodological problems. We aim to show this by using a cookbook theory of extended cognition and add different types of candidates. No candidate is non-arbitrary or non-intrinsic, which leads the proponent to the forced selection between arbitrary or intrinsic candidates. We argue that without criteria, the talk about extended cognition is a bottomless pit that should only serve as an example for bottomless theory-building.展开更多
The cognition of low-carbon tourism among tourists is closely related to education level.In this study,the degree of coordination of low-carbon cognition with different educational levels is assessed by the coupling m...The cognition of low-carbon tourism among tourists is closely related to education level.In this study,the degree of coordination of low-carbon cognition with different educational levels is assessed by the coupling model in Wutai Mountain,and the effect of each factor on low-carbon cognition is analyzed by the geographical detector.The results show that:(1)The six cognition aspects of low-carbon tourism gradually transition from the level of intermediate coordination to good coordination with the advancement of the education level.Both the low-level and lower-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon visiting cognition,and the higher-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon shopping cognition,while the high-level tourists show the lag type of low-carbon food cognition.(2)According to the individual factors and interactive effects in the geographical detector,each impacting factor has a decisive effect on tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,and the effect of any two factors after interaction shows either a double-factor or nonlinear enhancement.The findings of this study provide valuable practical implications for helping tourism destinations to educate tourists and improve their low-carbon tourism options.At the same time,this study will provide theoretical standards for measuring tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,so as to enrich and improve the theoretical research related to low-carbon tourism.展开更多
文摘Extended cognition is the thesis that vehicles realizing cognitive systems can possibly extend beyond traditional boundaries of brain, skin, or skull. It is a popular thesis because of its counterintuitive consequence that coupled systems of vehicles of very different entities could form a realizer of one cognitive systems. Popular examples consist of human-handy-systems or human-notebook-systems, and it is a thesis that could non-dogmatically decide what individuates the realizers of cognitive systems. But the thesis is in need for individuation-criteria： How could we individuate a coupled system of different systems of vehicles？ We inspect some of the usually handled candidates for individuation-criteria and argue that in principal there will be no successful candidate due to methodological problems. We aim to show this by using a cookbook theory of extended cognition and add different types of candidates. No candidate is non-arbitrary or non-intrinsic, which leads the proponent to the forced selection between arbitrary or intrinsic candidates. We argue that without criteria, the talk about extended cognition is a bottomless pit that should only serve as an example for bottomless theory-building.
基金Supported by Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(2023W064)。
文摘The cognition of low-carbon tourism among tourists is closely related to education level.In this study,the degree of coordination of low-carbon cognition with different educational levels is assessed by the coupling model in Wutai Mountain,and the effect of each factor on low-carbon cognition is analyzed by the geographical detector.The results show that:(1)The six cognition aspects of low-carbon tourism gradually transition from the level of intermediate coordination to good coordination with the advancement of the education level.Both the low-level and lower-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon visiting cognition,and the higher-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon shopping cognition,while the high-level tourists show the lag type of low-carbon food cognition.(2)According to the individual factors and interactive effects in the geographical detector,each impacting factor has a decisive effect on tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,and the effect of any two factors after interaction shows either a double-factor or nonlinear enhancement.The findings of this study provide valuable practical implications for helping tourism destinations to educate tourists and improve their low-carbon tourism options.At the same time,this study will provide theoretical standards for measuring tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,so as to enrich and improve the theoretical research related to low-carbon tourism.
