A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period,...A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period, during which customer recognition is obtained. In the second period, advertising can be targeted toward different consumer types. Advertising is assumed to be persuasive in the way that consumer valuation is increased. Equilibrium decisions and profits in each period are derived, showing that the firm who loses the current competition will win in the future. As a result, forward-looking firms price less aggressively so that their long-term profits can be enhanced with the help of TACR. Particularly, TACR improves profits through three important effects： valuation increasing, customer poaching, and anti-competition. Finally, this paper investigates the welfare issues, showing that firms enhance profits at the expense of consumer surplus. It is, therefore, suggested that public sectors take a step to protect consumers with the rapid development of targeting technology.展开更多
This paper analyzes attention theory in the cognitive psychology and introduces second language vocabulary acquisition. The filter theory and attention resource theory in the attention theory points out that attention...This paper analyzes attention theory in the cognitive psychology and introduces second language vocabulary acquisition. The filter theory and attention resource theory in the attention theory points out that attention has a key effect on the learner＇s cognitive vocabulary learning by raising students＇ expectations for new words, by increasing the frequency of exposure to them, by enhancing their perceptual salience, and by increasing the task demand for word study. The fact proves that enhancing attention in input could promote students＇ vocabulary acquisition and help them form efficient vocabulary learning strategy suitable for their levels of proficiency.展开更多
The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems t...The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems that humans are facing, no matter how intelligent machines are, they are unable to completely replace humans. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce human cognitive capabilities or human-like cognitive models into AI systems to develop a new form of AI, that is, hybrid-augmented intelligence. This form of AI or machine intelligence is a feasible and important developing model. Hybrid-augmented intelligence can be divided into two basic models： one is human-in-the-loop augmented intelligence with human-computer collaboration, and the other is cognitive computing based augmented intelligence, in which a cognitive model is embedded in the machine learning system. This survey describes a basic framework for human-computer collaborative hybrid-augmented intelligence, and the basic elements of hybrid-augmented intelligence based on cognitive computing. These elements include intuitive reasoning, causal models, evolution of memory and knowledge, especially the role and basic principles of intuitive reasoning for complex problem solving, and the cognitive learning framework for visual scene understanding based on memory and reasoning. Several typical applications of hybrid-augmented intelligence in related fields are given.展开更多
Rural tourism has become a hot spot in China’s tourism development. Based on the AHP model and the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy cognition, this paper builds an evaluation system for the evaluation of rura...Rural tourism has become a hot spot in China’s tourism development. Based on the AHP model and the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy cognition, this paper builds an evaluation system for the evaluation of rural tourism resources, including resource value, environmental factors, reception conditions with three criterion layers, and 25 evaluation factors. We recovered 574 valid questionnaires through two online forms and field research in Lanzhou city, and then used them to complete the empirical analysis. The results show four main aspects of the tourists’ perspective on rural tourism resources. Firstly, rural tourists are concerned about higher service facilities. The evaluation of rural tourism resources pays more attention to the reception conditions, and tourists pay more attention to the facilities of the reception conditions. In addition, the reception condition value accounts for a more concentrated 8–10 points(61.4%), which is higher than environmental elements(58.87%) and the value of the resource itself(54.26%). Secondly, tourists’ attention to rural tourism resources mainly focuses on the pleasurable(0.1152), tour line design(0.1014), experience(0.0765), ornamental(0.0747) and other aspects. Thirdly, the degree of cognition mainly focuses on nature(4508), environmental safety(4469), pleasantness(4387), accommodation conditions(4367), tour line design(4363) and other aspects of the rural tourism resources. Fourthly, the cognition of rural tourism resources is basically given priority with 6–9 points, and environmental factors accounted for the highest portion. However, rural tourists have higher expectations for the popularization and education of rural tourism resources, but the sense of acquisition is relatively low. Through the further improvement and improvement of the naturalness of environmental resources, environmental safety of reception conditions, and the enjoyment of external traffic and resource value, the overall benefit of rural tourism resources is maximized. The results of this study can provide reference for the theoretical foundation of rural tourism resources.展开更多
文摘目的 探讨前庭电刺激对脑卒中患者侧倾功能障碍的疗效。方法 2023年2月至10月,选取南京医科大学第一附属医院脑卒中侧倾患者30例,随机分为对照组(n=15)和试验组(n=15)。对照组接受常规康复训练与前庭伪电刺激,试验组接受常规康复训练与前庭电刺激,共2周。干预前后分别采用侧倾行为评估量表(SCP)、主观视觉垂直感知(SVV)、线段划消试验(LCT)、星消试验(SCT)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Holden功能性步行分级(FAC)和Barthel指数(BI)进行评估。结果 干预后,除对照组SVV方向性和稳定性以及SCT外,两组其余指标均改善(|t|> 2.461, Z> 3.000, P <0.05),且试验组SCP、SVV稳定性、LCT和FAC均优于对照组(|t|> 2.189, Z=-2.862, P <0.05);干预前后差值比较,除LCT外,试验组均大于对照组(|t|> 2.382, P <0.05)。相关性分析显示,SCP与SVV方向性和稳定性、SCT、BBS、BI评分以及FAC均相关(|r|> 0.381, P <0.05)。结论 前庭电刺激能改善脑卒中患者的侧倾、平衡、步行功能和日常生活活动能力,可能与改善空间认知功能障碍,特别是垂直感知有关。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71071033)the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ-0186)
文摘A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period, during which customer recognition is obtained. In the second period, advertising can be targeted toward different consumer types. Advertising is assumed to be persuasive in the way that consumer valuation is increased. Equilibrium decisions and profits in each period are derived, showing that the firm who loses the current competition will win in the future. As a result, forward-looking firms price less aggressively so that their long-term profits can be enhanced with the help of TACR. Particularly, TACR improves profits through three important effects： valuation increasing, customer poaching, and anti-competition. Finally, this paper investigates the welfare issues, showing that firms enhance profits at the expense of consumer surplus. It is, therefore, suggested that public sectors take a step to protect consumers with the rapid development of targeting technology.
文摘This paper analyzes attention theory in the cognitive psychology and introduces second language vocabulary acquisition. The filter theory and attention resource theory in the attention theory points out that attention has a key effect on the learner＇s cognitive vocabulary learning by raising students＇ expectations for new words, by increasing the frequency of exposure to them, by enhancing their perceptual salience, and by increasing the task demand for word study. The fact proves that enhancing attention in input could promote students＇ vocabulary acquisition and help them form efficient vocabulary learning strategy suitable for their levels of proficiency.
基金Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Engi- neering, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. L1522023）, the National Basic Research Program （973） of China （No. 2015CB351703）, and the National Key Research and Development Plan （Nos. 2016YFB1001004 and 2016YFB1000903）
文摘The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems that humans are facing, no matter how intelligent machines are, they are unable to completely replace humans. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce human cognitive capabilities or human-like cognitive models into AI systems to develop a new form of AI, that is, hybrid-augmented intelligence. This form of AI or machine intelligence is a feasible and important developing model. Hybrid-augmented intelligence can be divided into two basic models： one is human-in-the-loop augmented intelligence with human-computer collaboration, and the other is cognitive computing based augmented intelligence, in which a cognitive model is embedded in the machine learning system. This survey describes a basic framework for human-computer collaborative hybrid-augmented intelligence, and the basic elements of hybrid-augmented intelligence based on cognitive computing. These elements include intuitive reasoning, causal models, evolution of memory and knowledge, especially the role and basic principles of intuitive reasoning for complex problem solving, and the cognitive learning framework for visual scene understanding based on memory and reasoning. Several typical applications of hybrid-augmented intelligence in related fields are given.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0704702)The Lanzhou University of Arts and Sciences Outstanding Youth Research Talent Cultivation Program (2018JCQN007)。
文摘Rural tourism has become a hot spot in China’s tourism development. Based on the AHP model and the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy cognition, this paper builds an evaluation system for the evaluation of rural tourism resources, including resource value, environmental factors, reception conditions with three criterion layers, and 25 evaluation factors. We recovered 574 valid questionnaires through two online forms and field research in Lanzhou city, and then used them to complete the empirical analysis. The results show four main aspects of the tourists’ perspective on rural tourism resources. Firstly, rural tourists are concerned about higher service facilities. The evaluation of rural tourism resources pays more attention to the reception conditions, and tourists pay more attention to the facilities of the reception conditions. In addition, the reception condition value accounts for a more concentrated 8–10 points(61.4%), which is higher than environmental elements(58.87%) and the value of the resource itself(54.26%). Secondly, tourists’ attention to rural tourism resources mainly focuses on the pleasurable(0.1152), tour line design(0.1014), experience(0.0765), ornamental(0.0747) and other aspects. Thirdly, the degree of cognition mainly focuses on nature(4508), environmental safety(4469), pleasantness(4387), accommodation conditions(4367), tour line design(4363) and other aspects of the rural tourism resources. Fourthly, the cognition of rural tourism resources is basically given priority with 6–9 points, and environmental factors accounted for the highest portion. However, rural tourists have higher expectations for the popularization and education of rural tourism resources, but the sense of acquisition is relatively low. Through the further improvement and improvement of the naturalness of environmental resources, environmental safety of reception conditions, and the enjoyment of external traffic and resource value, the overall benefit of rural tourism resources is maximized. The results of this study can provide reference for the theoretical foundation of rural tourism resources.
