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认证程序化:无公害蔬菜顺利进入市场的保证 被引量:1
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作者 李寒 翁克瑞 《农业经济》 北大核心 2004年第10期28-30,共3页
无公害蔬菜的发展不仅保障了居民的消费安全,而且也丰富了的我国的蔬菜市场.在国内无公害蔬菜出现以前,我国的蔬菜市场基本上是处于一种完全竞争的状态,市场上的各种蔬菜产品并没有根本的品质差别,但是元公害蔬菜的出现完全改变了这种局... 无公害蔬菜的发展不仅保障了居民的消费安全,而且也丰富了的我国的蔬菜市场.在国内无公害蔬菜出现以前,我国的蔬菜市场基本上是处于一种完全竞争的状态,市场上的各种蔬菜产品并没有根本的品质差别,但是元公害蔬菜的出现完全改变了这种局面,现在我国的蔬菜市场已经进入从普通低级产品到以无公害蔬菜为标志的高级产品的不同级别的竞争状态.在现阶段的蔬菜市场竞争中,蔬菜生产者若想要使自己的产品在市场上占有有利地位,必须能够提供优质、营养、安全的高级产品.然而,从市场的角度上讲,无公害蔬菜的一些本身固有特性决定了市场本身并不能自动提供无公害蔬菜,而且正因如此,也带来了无公害蔬菜生产和销售的一系列问题,而解决这些问题的根本措施便是通过产品的无公害蔬菜标志认证或绿色产品标志认证来约束生产者和中间商的行为和提高购买者对无公害蔬菜产品的识别能力.此外,从购买者角度上讲,无公害蔬菜的购买者并不能从外观有效识别普通蔬菜与无公害蔬菜之间的差别,因此必须对无公害蔬菜产品质量进行控制和监督,而产品认证为无公害蔬菜的质量控制和监督提供了很好的手段. 展开更多
关键词 无公害蔬菜 中国 绿色产品标志认证 蔬菜质量 信任危机 出口创汇 绿色壁垒 认证程序化
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Suggestion of Criteria and Certification Process to Secure the Safety of Railway Software
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作者 Eui Jin Joung 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2012年第5期809-816,共8页
One of the significant differences between the digital system and the analog system is software. The software takes charge of the functions and the management of the digital system. Nowadays railway equipment has begu... One of the significant differences between the digital system and the analog system is software. The software takes charge of the functions and the management of the digital system. Nowadays railway equipment has begun to be designed and implemented based on digital technology with online and real time performance to achieve high speed and high density operation. The software is designed, coded and implemented into the system, and controls hardware components in order to satisfy the functional requirements of the system. As the functions that are implemented by software are increased, it becomes very difficult to predict the soil-ware failures because of its complexity. Therefore, it has become one of the key issues how to assure that the sottware is reliable, safe and secure. In this paper, the safety criteria are suggested to secure the software safety for the field of railway system. Characteristic of railway software and review safety related standards are analyzed. The authors also suggest development methodology and certification procedure for the developer and assessor to easily make safety critical railway software with following the safety criteria. 展开更多
关键词 Railway software safety critical safety criteria development methodology certification.
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