构筑历史概念,培养学生比较概括能力

将相关的基本概念和基本史实梳理成一个纵向的结构系统,用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点和方法从中找出规律性的认识。把某一历史事件或人物所处的历史背景,时代的各个侧面逐项加以归纳,构成一个历史横断面的结构系统,通过分析各个侧面和对各个侧面的综合分析,找出该历史事件或人物所具有的历史特点及其成因,对历史事件或人物做出历史的全面的公正的评价。构筑纵横交叉全方位的知识网络结构系统。这种结构系统,既可对历史现象从纵中找规律,横中寻特点,又可以从历史现象的相互影响和制约中进行深度和广度上的研究,从错综复杂的历史现象中得到本质性、规律性的认识。

作文不妨集体写

《语文课程标准》指出：“写作是运用语言文字进行表达和交流的重要方式，是认识世界，认识自我，进行创造性表达的过程。”作文教学的本质，就是教会学生正确使用熟悉的语言准确地表达自己的思想观点。因此，

CCPA: Component-based communication protocol architecture for embedded systems

For increased and various communication requirements of modem applications on embedded systems, general purpose protocol stacks and protocol models are not efficient because they are fixed to execute in the static mode. We present the Component-Based Communication Protocol Architecture （CCPA） to make communication dynamic and configurable. It can develop, test and store the customized components for flexible reuse. The protocols are implemented by component assembly and support by configurable environments. This leads to smaller memory, more flexibility, more reconfiguration ability, better concurrency, and multiple data channel support.

刍议建筑结构设计中的抗震设计分析

地震灾害是建筑设计过程中必须予以考虑的重要灾害内容,其对于建筑结构的安全性、稳定性以及实用性等有着非常重要的影响,高烈度地震作用下建筑结构的变化甚至会直接影响到人体的生命和财产安全,做好建筑结构设计过程中的建筑抗震设计工作,是设计师在进行建筑设计过程中必须重点思考的问题。设计师应该在建筑结构的设计过程中,针对建筑的具体抗震能力完成建筑空间平面、建筑结构以及建筑施工场地的具体设计工作,通过上述内容的设计有效的保证建筑物具备一定的抗震性能,提高建筑物在地震影响下的安全性以及稳定性,保证人体生命财产的安全。内容仅供参考。

Epiphenomenalism Meets Qualia in Practical Deliberation and Action： Seeing Is Not Believing？

This paper examines the tension between the standard （common sense） theory of action and the epiphenomenalist view of the mind. The theory of action that is appealed to is one that emphasizes the calculative ＂means-ends＂ structure of rational deliberation--a structuring that appears to place practical reasoning at odds with other forms of causal explanation. The epiphenomenalist view presented is one that attempts to preserve certain foundational tenets of physicalism in the face of worries generated by the existence of qualia. In the latter part of the paper, the author makes use of a novel thought experiment involving phenomenal qualia in order to undermine the epiphenomenalist position and to vindicate the view that properties of consciousness matter to human agency.

ON PERFORMANCE OF APPLICATION TRIGGERING ARCHITECTURE IN IMS NETWORK

The modeling of Application Triggering Architecture （ATA） in the IP Multimedia Sub- system （IMS） is presented. The session setup delay and system throughput are employed as the measurement to investigate the performance of ATA and the Serving Call Session Control Punction （S-CSCF）. With theoretical analysis and simulation results, we find that, the number of the ASs （Application Servers）, the use of the subsequent Filter Criteria （sFC） and the arrival rate have heavy impact on the session setup delay and the S-CSCF is the major bottleneck in IMS network. The results are useful in constructing IMS network. At last, we propose several possible solutions to reduce the session setup delay and decrease the load of the S-CSCF.

Formalization of the Abstract Architecture of MAS Based on FIPA Specification

The FIPA specification of MAS (multi agent system)is accepted by most of the applications of MAS in the world, and has been used in many projects. This paper draws an Abstract architecture from the FIPA based MAS, and gives formalization about it.

The Design of Wireless Sensor Network System based on ZigBee Technology

The paper design hardware platform based on network node, and analyze ZigBee protocol architecture and standards of each layer; on based of ZigBee protocol stack, we design the application program of network coordinator and terminal node to realize the data acquisition; design of network system has the characteristics of low cost, small volume, test results show that the mesh topology, network support, can be rapidly deployed, temperature, humidity, light intensity information of the smooth reading environment, that can be used for domestic environmental monitoring field.

Consensus tracking protocol and formation control of multi-agent systems with switching topology

Consensus tracking control problems for single-integrator dynamics of multi-agent systems with switching topology are investigated. In order to design effective consensus tracking protocols for a more general class of networks, which are aimed at ensuring that the concerned states of agents converge to a constant or time-varying reference state, new consensus tracking protocols with a constant and time-varying reference state are proposed, respectively. Particularly, by contrast with spanning tree, an improved condition of switching interaction topology is presented. And then, convergence analysis of two consensus tracking protocols is provided by Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, consensus tracking protocol with a time-varying reference state is extended to achieve the fbrmation control. By introducing formation structure set, each agent can gain its individual desired trajectory. Finally, several simulations are worked out to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results. The test results show that the states of agents can converge to a desired constant or time-varying reference state. In addition, by selecting appropriate structure set, agents can maintain the expected formation under random switching interaction topologies.

Surface modification of TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding with TiC+Ti powders

Laser surface cladding was applied on a TC4 Ti alloy to improve its surface properties. Mixed TiC and Ti powders with a TiC-to-Ti mass ratio of 1：3 were put onto the TC4 Ti alloy and subsequently treated by laser beam. The microstructure and composition modifications in the surfaee layer were carefully investigated by using SEM, EDX and XRD. Due to melting, liquid state mixing followed by rapid solidification and cooling, a layer with graded microstructures and compositions formed. The TiC powders were completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The inter-dendritic areas were filled with fine a＇ phase lamellae enrich in A1. Mainly due to the reduced TiC volume fraction with increasing depth, the hardness decreases with increasing depth in the laser clad layer with a maximum value of HV1400, about 4.5 times of the initial one.

Cryptanalysis of Two Dynamic Identity Based Authentication Schemes for Multi-Server Architecture

Since network services are provided cooperatively by multiple servers in the lnternet, the authentication protocols for multiserver architecture are required by Internetbased services, such as online game, online trade and so on. Recently, Li et al. analyzed Lee et al.＇s protocol and proposed an improved dynamic identity based authentication protocol for multi-server architecture. They claimed that their protocol provides user＇s anonymity, mutual authentication and the session key agreement against several kinds of attacks. In this paper, a cryptanalysis on Lee et al.＇s scheme shows that Lee et al＇s protocol is also vulnerable to malicious server attack, stolen smart card attack and leak-of-verifier attack. Moreover, Li e/ al.＇s improved protocol is also vulnerable to all these attacks. Further cryptanalysis reveals that Li et al.＇s improved protocol is susceptible to collusion attack.

Optimized Multicast Routing Algorithm Based on Tree Structure in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc Networks(MANETs) play an important role in emergency communications where network needs to be constructed temporarily and quickly.Since the nodes move randomly,routing protocols must be highly effective and reliable to guarantee successful packet delivery.Based on the data delivery structure,most of the existing multicast routing protocols can be classified into two folders:tree-based and mesh-based.We observe that tree-based ones have high forwarding efficiency and low consumptions of bandwidth,and they may have poor robustness because only one link exists between two nodes.As a treebased multicast routing protocol,MAODV(Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Vector) shows an excellent performance in lightweight ad hoc networks.As the load of network increases,QoS(Quality of Service) is degraded obviously.In this paper,we analyze the impact of network load on MAODV protocol,and propose an optimized protocol MAODV-BB(Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Vector with Backup Branches),which improves robustness of the MAODV protocol by combining advantages of the tree structure and the mesh structure.It not only can update shorter tree branches but also construct a multicast tree with backup branches.Mathematical analysis and simulation results both demonstrate that the MAODV-BB protocol improves the network performance over conventional MAODV in heavy load ad hoc networks.

A Novel Stateful PCE-Cloud Based Control Architecture of Optical Networks for Cloud Services

The next-generation optical network is a service oriented network,which could be delivered by utilizing the generalized multiprotocol label switching(GMPLS) based control plane to realize lots of intelligent features such as rapid provisioning,automated protection and restoration(P&R),efficient resource allocation,and support for different quality of service(QoS) requirements.In this paper,we propose a novel stateful PCE-cloud(SPC)based architecture of GMPLS optical networks for cloud services.The cloud computing technologies(e.g.virtualization and parallel computing) are applied to the construction of SPC for improving the reliability and maximizing resource utilization.The functions of SPC and GMPLS based control plane are expanded according to the features of cloud services for different QoS requirements.The architecture and detailed description of the components of SPC are provided.Different potential cooperation relationships between public stateful PCE cloud(PSPC) and region stateful PCE cloud(RSPC) are investigated.Moreover,we present the policy-enabled and constraint-based routing scheme base on the cooperation of PSPC and RSPC.Simulation results for verifying the performance of routing and control plane reliability are analyzed.

Research on Network Security Algorithm based on ZigBee Technology

Paper study the MAC layer security mechanism and data frame structure in ZigBee protocol, improve the algorithm for random Fuzzing test technology, and test method of attack fusion boundary, structure of Fuzzing and the node clone, proposed a ZigBee routing protocol for the MAC layer security comprehensive detection algorithm. Fuzzing test show that the testing algorithm can not only greatly improve the test efficiency in Fuzzing, more than the structure of Fuzzing is increased by 50% in path coverage.

Improved Consensus Speed for Discrete-Time Multi-agent Systems

The consensus problem of a linear discrete-time multi- agent system with directed communication topologies was investigated. A protocol was designed to solve consensus with an improved convergence speed achieved by designing protocol gains. The clo6ed-loop multi.agent system converged to an expected type of consensus function, which was divided into four types： zero, non- zero constant vector, bounded trajectories, and ramp trajectories. An algorithm was further provided to construct the protocol gains, which were determined in terms of a classical pole placement algorithm and a modified algebraic Riccati equation. Finally, an example to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results was presented.

High pressure, a protocol to identify the weak dihydrogen bonds:experimental evidence of C–H···H–B interaction

Pressure, as a thermodynamic parameter, provides an appropriate method to detect weak intermolecular interactions. The C–H···H–B dihydrogen bond is so weak that the experimental evidence of this interaction is still limited. A combination of in situ high pressure Raman spectra and angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction(ADXRD) experiments was utilized to explore the dihydrogen bonds in dimethylamine borane(DMAB). Both Raman and ADXRD measurements suggested that the crystal structure of DMAB is stable in the pressure region from 1 atm(1 atm=1.01325×10~5 Pa) to 0.54 GPa. The red shift of CH stretching and CH_3 distortion modes gave strong evidence for the existence of C–H···H–B dihydrogen bonds. Further analysis of Raman spectra and Hirshfeld surface confirmed our proposal. This work provided a deeper understanding of dihydrogen bonds.And we wish that high pressure could be applied to identify other unconfirmed hydrogen or dihydrogen bond.

Sequential Quantum Secret Sharing Using a Single Qudit

In this paper we propose a novel and efficient quantum secret sharing protocol using d-level single particle,which it can realize a general access structure via the thought of concatenation. In addition, Our scheme includes all advantages of Tavakoli's scheme [Phys. Rev. A 92 (2015) 030302(R)]. In contrast to Tavakoli's scheme, the efficiency of our scheme is 1 for the same situation, and the access structure is more general and has advantages in practical significance. Furthermore, we also analyze the security of our scheme in the primary quantum attacks.

Wavelength Reservation Scheme with Switch Fabric Status in Distributed Mesh Optical Networks

A new wavelength reservation scheme is proposed the reconfiguration times of optical cross-connects （OXCs） for we consider the reconfiguration information of switch fabrics to mitigate the connection setup time and minimize WDM optical networks in this study. In this scheme, in the signaling protocol, which is designated as the signaling with switch fabric status （SWFS）. Distributed reservation algorithms will reserve the wavelength with minimum of reconfiguration times of OXCs along the route. Simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes with switch fabrics status have shorter setup time, lower switching ratio as well as better blocking performance than those of the traditional classic schemes. Moreover, the proposed schemes with SWFS significantly reduce the number of switch fabrics that need to be reconfigured.

Strategically supported cooperation in dynamic games with coalition structures

The problem of strategic stability of long-range cooperative agreements in dynamic games with coalition structures is investigated. Based on imputation distribution procedures, a general theoretical framework of the differential game with a coalition structure is proposed. A few assumptions about the deviation instant for a coalition are made concerning the behavior of a group of many individuals in certain dynamic environments.From these, the time-consistent cooperative agreement can be strategically supported by ε-Nash or strong ε-Nash equilibria. While in games in the extensive form with perfect information, it is somewhat surprising that without the assumptions of deviation instant for a coalition, Nash or strong Nash equilibria can be constructed.