茶香袅袅 书香氤氲——从许元墓出土文物漫谈北宋士大夫的风雅生活

宋代真州(今仪征)作为漕运咽喉,是朝廷江淮荆浙发运司治所。许元在任江淮荆浙发运判官十三年,为庆历名臣。1993年许元墓被发现,从墓中清理出一批精美的文房、茶具等随葬器物,有端砚、印盒、伊斯兰玻璃瓶、茶罐、茶匙、渣斗、鎏金铜带扣等。为我们了解北宋时期士大夫阶层的风雅生活提供了重要资料。

有感于许元烧船称钉

【评注】 许元烧船称钉的做法，看似有些粗笨和简单，但却十分有效，值得称道。 许元在处理官船用钉量虚报的问题上做了三件事：一是发现了用钉量虚报的问题；二是找出了解决问题的对策；三是确定了标准防止问题反复。他之所以能够根治这个积弊，究其原因．主要还在于他具有一种超强的“盯”的能力，面对问题盯住不放，敢于较真，敢于碰硬，敢于负责，直至问题得到根本解决。

Upper-bound and finite element analyses of multi-row sprocket during cold semi-precision forging process

The cold semi-precision forging of a multi-row sprocket was investigated using upper-bound （UB） and finite element methods combined with experiments. Based on the design of a new tooth profile for the sprocket, a cold semi-precision forging process and a kinematically admissible velocity field for filling the die cavity were proposed. Using the UB method, the velocity fields of the sprocket billet in the forming process were divided theoretically and calculated. The process of forging a multi-row sprocket was simulated using the FEM package Deform-3D V6.1 to obtain the distributions of the velocity field and the effective stress field in filling the die cavity. Similar to the simulated results, the experiment on cold forging a 5052 aluminum alloy sprocket was successfully performed. By comparing the calculated （UB method）, experimental and simulated load-stroke curves, the calculated and simulated results were basically in accordance with the experimental results. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of the precision forging of multi-row sprockets.

“指哪打哪”的南下、西进支队(下)

为了更加真实、具体地体现南下、西进支队的南下过程,以及开展工作情况,我们选摘了几段老同志的回忆文章。