The unified bound on the fundamental limit of quantum dynamics rate, as quietly recently obtainedby Levitin and Toffoli [Phys.Rev.Lett.103 (2009) 160502], is improved and refined.The improvement may bearbitrarily larg...The unified bound on the fundamental limit of quantum dynamics rate, as quietly recently obtainedby Levitin and Toffoli [Phys.Rev.Lett.103 (2009) 160502], is improved and refined.The improvement may bearbitrarily large in certain cases.In particular, this puts a limit on the operation rate of quantum gates allowed byquantum mechanics.展开更多
Shaheen Basma ti was evolved as a salt tolerant fine rice va riety by the Soil Salinity Research Institute,Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan. Water culture studies were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanismexerc...Shaheen Basma ti was evolved as a salt tolerant fine rice va riety by the Soil Salinity Research Institute,Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan. Water culture studies were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanismexercised by this variety in particular and rice plant in general to face the saline environment. Performanceof this rice variety and the concentration and uptake of ions were studied under stress of three salinity levels(30, 60 and 90 mmol L-1) created with NaCl. Recorded data indicated that shoot dry matter was notsignificantly affected by all the three levels of salinity. However, NaCl levels of 60 and 90 mmol L-1 affectedthe root dry matter significantly. Sodium concentration and uptake was enhanced significantly in root andshoot at the first level of salinity (30 mmol L-1) but thereafter the differences were non-significant, indicatingthe preferential absorption of this cation. The K concentration decreased significantly in shoots at all thelevels. The impact was less pronounced in roots as far as K absorption was concerned. The effect on Ca andMg concentrations was not significant. The values of K:Na, Ca:Na and (Ca+Mg):Na ratios in shoot and rootwere comparatively low under stress conditions, indicating that selective ion absorption may be the principalsalt tolerance mechanism of variety Shaheen Basmati when grown in a saline medium.展开更多
This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half bein...This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.展开更多
In the numerical prediction of weather or climate events,the uncertainty of the initial values and/or prediction models can bring the forecast result’s uncertainty.Due to the absence of true states,studies on this pr...In the numerical prediction of weather or climate events,the uncertainty of the initial values and/or prediction models can bring the forecast result’s uncertainty.Due to the absence of true states,studies on this problem mainly focus on the three subproblems of predictability,i.e.,the lower bound of the maximum predictable time,the upper bound of the prediction error,and the lower bound of the maximum allowable initial error.Aimed at the problem of the lower bound estimation of the maximum allowable initial error,this study first illustrates the shortcoming of the existing estimation,and then presents a new estimation based on the initial observation precision and proves it theoretically.Furthermore,the new lower bound estimations of both the two-dimensional ikeda model and lorenz96 model are obtained by using the cnop(conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation)method and a pso(particle swarm optimization)algorithm,and the estimated precisions are also analyzed.Besides,the estimations yielded by the existing and new formulas are compared;the results show that the estimations produced by the existing formula are often incorrect.展开更多
Anhua-Xupu fault belt plays a very important role in the formation of Xuefeng Mountains. The fault belt shows an arc-structure extruding towards NW. Fault rocks, microstructures and homogeneous temperature (concentrat...Anhua-Xupu fault belt plays a very important role in the formation of Xuefeng Mountains. The fault belt shows an arc-structure extruding towards NW. Fault rocks, microstructures and homogeneous temperature (concentrated around 160℃) of fluid inclusions in the quartz veins shows that the fault belt mainly underwent shallow brittle deformation and the highest-grade dynamic metamorphic rock is mylonitized sericite phyllite. The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating from the quartz veins in the fault rocks shows that the fault belt underwent two intense fluid movement stages at Yanshanian (156.9~136.2Ma, 119.8~90.6Ma); moreover not only the occurrence and microstructures but also the homogeneous temperature of the quartz veins developed in that two stages show obvious diversity, which can prove that there exists the reversion period of Mesozoic extension and compression movement of Xuefeng mountains between these two stages .展开更多
Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers....Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of nerve growth f actor (NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerv e following mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis. Methods:Unilateral man...Objective:To study the effect of nerve growth f actor (NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerv e following mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis. Methods:Unilateral mandibular osteodistraction was performed i n 9 healthy adult male goats with a distraction rate of 1 mm/d. Every 3 goats we re killed on days 7, 14 and 28 after mandibular lengthening, respectively. The i nferior alveolar nerves in the distraction callus were harvested and processed f or ultrastructural and NGF immunohistochemical study. The inferior alveolar nerv es from the contralateral side were used as controls. Results:On day 7 after distraction, axon degeneration and Schw ann cell proliferation were observed, and very strong staining of NGF in the dis tracted nerve was detected. On day 14 after distraction, axon regeneration and r emyelination were easily observed, and NGF expression started to decline. On day 28 after distraction, the gray scale of NGF immunoreactivity recovered to the n ormal value and the Schwann cells almost recovered to their normal state. Conclusions:Gradual mandibular osteodistraction can result in mild or moderate axon degeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve. Nerve trauma may stimulate the proliferation of Schwann cells and promote the synthesis and s ecretion of NGF in the Schwann cells. Schwann cells and NGF might play important roles in axon regeneration of the injured inferior alveolar nerve following man dibular lengthening.展开更多
We establish the theory of Orlicz-Hardy spaces generated by a wide class of functions.The class will be wider than the class of all the N-functions.In particular,we consider the non-smooth atomic decomposition.The rel...We establish the theory of Orlicz-Hardy spaces generated by a wide class of functions.The class will be wider than the class of all the N-functions.In particular,we consider the non-smooth atomic decomposition.The relation between Orlicz-Hardy spaces and their duals is also studied.As an application,duality of Hardy spaces with variable exponents is revisited.This work is different from earlier works about Orlicz-Hardy spaces H（Rn）in that the class of admissible functions is largely widened.We can deal with,for example,Ф（r）≡（rp1（log（e＋1/r））q1,0〈r≤1,r^p2 （log（e＋r））q2,r〉1,with p1,p2∈（0,∞）and q1,q2∈（.∞,∞）,where we shall establish the boundedness of the Riesz transforms on H（Rn）.In particular,is neither convex nor concave when 0〈p1〈1〈p2〈∞,0〈p21〈p1〈∞or p1=p2=1 and q1,q20.If（r）≡r（log（e＋r））q,then H（Rn）=H（logH）q（Rn）.We shall also establish the boundedness of the fractional integral operators I of order∈（0,∞）.For example,I is shown to be bounded from H（logH）1^1-α/n（Rn）to Ln/（n-α）（log L）（Rn）for 0〈α〈n.展开更多
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the combined electron oscillations and electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Recently Huck et al. [Huck A, et al. Phys Rev Le...Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the combined electron oscillations and electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Recently Huck et al. [Huck A, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 102: 246802] proved that SPPs can be in a squeezed state, and the squeezed surface plasmons can propagate in a gold waveguide. In this paper, we introduce a quantum mechanical description of the squeezed surface plasmons at first, and discuss the influence of the waveguide losses on the squeezed surface plasmons.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10771208the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups under Grant No.10721101the Key Lab of Random Complex Structures and Data Science,CAS,under Grant No.2008DP173182
文摘The unified bound on the fundamental limit of quantum dynamics rate, as quietly recently obtainedby Levitin and Toffoli [Phys.Rev.Lett.103 (2009) 160502], is improved and refined.The improvement may bearbitrarily large in certain cases.In particular, this puts a limit on the operation rate of quantum gates allowed byquantum mechanics.
文摘Shaheen Basma ti was evolved as a salt tolerant fine rice va riety by the Soil Salinity Research Institute,Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan. Water culture studies were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanismexercised by this variety in particular and rice plant in general to face the saline environment. Performanceof this rice variety and the concentration and uptake of ions were studied under stress of three salinity levels(30, 60 and 90 mmol L-1) created with NaCl. Recorded data indicated that shoot dry matter was notsignificantly affected by all the three levels of salinity. However, NaCl levels of 60 and 90 mmol L-1 affectedthe root dry matter significantly. Sodium concentration and uptake was enhanced significantly in root andshoot at the first level of salinity (30 mmol L-1) but thereafter the differences were non-significant, indicatingthe preferential absorption of this cation. The K concentration decreased significantly in shoots at all thelevels. The impact was less pronounced in roots as far as K absorption was concerned. The effect on Ca andMg concentrations was not significant. The values of K:Na, Ca:Na and (Ca+Mg):Na ratios in shoot and rootwere comparatively low under stress conditions, indicating that selective ion absorption may be the principalsalt tolerance mechanism of variety Shaheen Basmati when grown in a saline medium.
文摘This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41331174)
文摘In the numerical prediction of weather or climate events,the uncertainty of the initial values and/or prediction models can bring the forecast result’s uncertainty.Due to the absence of true states,studies on this problem mainly focus on the three subproblems of predictability,i.e.,the lower bound of the maximum predictable time,the upper bound of the prediction error,and the lower bound of the maximum allowable initial error.Aimed at the problem of the lower bound estimation of the maximum allowable initial error,this study first illustrates the shortcoming of the existing estimation,and then presents a new estimation based on the initial observation precision and proves it theoretically.Furthermore,the new lower bound estimations of both the two-dimensional ikeda model and lorenz96 model are obtained by using the cnop(conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation)method and a pso(particle swarm optimization)algorithm,and the estimated precisions are also analyzed.Besides,the estimations yielded by the existing and new formulas are compared;the results show that the estimations produced by the existing formula are often incorrect.
基金This study was financially supported by China National Science Foundation Grant No.40334037SINOPEC key project.
文摘Anhua-Xupu fault belt plays a very important role in the formation of Xuefeng Mountains. The fault belt shows an arc-structure extruding towards NW. Fault rocks, microstructures and homogeneous temperature (concentrated around 160℃) of fluid inclusions in the quartz veins shows that the fault belt mainly underwent shallow brittle deformation and the highest-grade dynamic metamorphic rock is mylonitized sericite phyllite. The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating from the quartz veins in the fault rocks shows that the fault belt underwent two intense fluid movement stages at Yanshanian (156.9~136.2Ma, 119.8~90.6Ma); moreover not only the occurrence and microstructures but also the homogeneous temperature of the quartz veins developed in that two stages show obvious diversity, which can prove that there exists the reversion period of Mesozoic extension and compression movement of Xuefeng mountains between these two stages .
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (Grant Nos.2012AA10A408 and 2012AA10A402)
文摘Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.
基金ThisstudywassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .3 9970 797)
文摘Objective:To study the effect of nerve growth f actor (NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerv e following mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis. Methods:Unilateral mandibular osteodistraction was performed i n 9 healthy adult male goats with a distraction rate of 1 mm/d. Every 3 goats we re killed on days 7, 14 and 28 after mandibular lengthening, respectively. The i nferior alveolar nerves in the distraction callus were harvested and processed f or ultrastructural and NGF immunohistochemical study. The inferior alveolar nerv es from the contralateral side were used as controls. Results:On day 7 after distraction, axon degeneration and Schw ann cell proliferation were observed, and very strong staining of NGF in the dis tracted nerve was detected. On day 14 after distraction, axon regeneration and r emyelination were easily observed, and NGF expression started to decline. On day 28 after distraction, the gray scale of NGF immunoreactivity recovered to the n ormal value and the Schwann cells almost recovered to their normal state. Conclusions:Gradual mandibular osteodistraction can result in mild or moderate axon degeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve. Nerve trauma may stimulate the proliferation of Schwann cells and promote the synthesis and s ecretion of NGF in the Schwann cells. Schwann cells and NGF might play important roles in axon regeneration of the injured inferior alveolar nerve following man dibular lengthening.
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No. 24540159)Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No. 24540085)
文摘We establish the theory of Orlicz-Hardy spaces generated by a wide class of functions.The class will be wider than the class of all the N-functions.In particular,we consider the non-smooth atomic decomposition.The relation between Orlicz-Hardy spaces and their duals is also studied.As an application,duality of Hardy spaces with variable exponents is revisited.This work is different from earlier works about Orlicz-Hardy spaces H（Rn）in that the class of admissible functions is largely widened.We can deal with,for example,Ф（r）≡（rp1（log（e＋1/r））q1,0〈r≤1,r^p2 （log（e＋r））q2,r〉1,with p1,p2∈（0,∞）and q1,q2∈（.∞,∞）,where we shall establish the boundedness of the Riesz transforms on H（Rn）.In particular,is neither convex nor concave when 0〈p1〈1〈p2〈∞,0〈p21〈p1〈∞or p1=p2=1 and q1,q20.If（r）≡r（log（e＋r））q,then H（Rn）=H（logH）q（Rn）.We shall also establish the boundedness of the fractional integral operators I of order∈（0,∞）.For example,I is shown to be bounded from H（logH）1^1-α/n（Rn）to Ln/（n-α）（log L）（Rn）for 0〈α〈n.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB923202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10704010)
文摘Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the combined electron oscillations and electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Recently Huck et al. [Huck A, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 102: 246802] proved that SPPs can be in a squeezed state, and the squeezed surface plasmons can propagate in a gold waveguide. In this paper, we introduce a quantum mechanical description of the squeezed surface plasmons at first, and discuss the influence of the waveguide losses on the squeezed surface plasmons.
