赞“以事为名指声符”说

从古代汉语的发展历史角度看,许慎的六书说,的确在汉字发展史上占有非常重要的地位,但问题亦复不少。形声字定义当如何正确理解,即亟应取得一致认识。本文对于一个探本抽薪、很有价值和力量、恢复一千八百年前形声定义原貌的论断非常赞成,因而为之简介、阐述、申论,期于早日得到广泛共识。

Implementing VLPR systems based on TMS320DM642

This paper gives a practical schema for using DSP boards to construct Vehicle License Plate Recognition (VLPR) modules that could be embedded in any Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Using DSP can avoid the heavy investment in dedicated VLPR system and improve the computational power compared to PC software environment. Low cost, high computational power, and high flexibility of DSP provide the License Plate Recognition System (LPRS) an excellent cost-effective solution to execute the major part of the recognition tasks. This paper describes a successful implementation of VLPR system based on Texas Instruments (TI)'s TMS320DM642. The DSP board acquires video (which could be output to a monitor for surveillance) from a camera, captures images from the video, locates and recognizes the license plates in images, and then sends the recognized results and related images after compression to a host PC through the network. Finally, the overall software is optimized according to the features of DM642 chip. Experiments showed that the DSP VLPR system performs well on the local license plates, and that the processing speed and accuracy can meet the requirement of practical applications.

Key Management Using Certificate-Based Cryptosystem in Ad Hoc Networks

This paper proposed a distributed key management approach by using the recently developed concepts of certificate-based cryptosystem and threshold secret sharing schemes. Without any assumption of prefixed trust relationship between nodes, the ad hoc network works in a self-organizing way to provide the key generation and key management services using threshold secret sharing schemes, which effectively solves the problem of single point of failure. The proposed approach combines the best aspects of identity-based key management approaches (implicit certification) and traditional public key infrastructure approaches (no key escrow).

Intensity Allocation Criteria of Carbon Emissions Permits and Regional Economic Development in China——Based on a 30-Province/Autonomous Region Computable General Equilibrium Model

The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China＇s regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium （CGE） model. Simulation results show that： industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development; regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development, but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries. The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.

Capping stack:An industry in the making

This paper gives an overview of recent development of the marine well containment system (MWCS) after BP Macondo subsea well blowout occurred on April 20,2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Capping stack,a hard-ware utilized to contain blowout well at or near the wellhead is the center piece of MWCS. Accessibility to the dedicated capping stacks is gradually becoming a pre-requirement to obtain the permit for offshore drilling/workover, and the industry for manufacturing,maintenance,transportation and operation of the capping stack is in the making.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the surface-piercing propellers for the planing craft

Demand for high-speed marine vehicles (HSMVs) is high among both commercial and naval users. It is the duty of the marine vessel's designer to provide a hull and propulsion system that diminishes drag, improves propulsive efficiency, increases safety and improves maneuverability. From the propulsor side, surface piercing propellers (SPPs) should improve performance. Unlike immersed propellers, behavior of the SPP is affected by depth of immersion, Weber number and shaft inclination angle. This paper uses a practical numerical method to predict the hydrodynamic characteristics of an SPP. The critical advance velocity ratio is derived using the Weber number and pitch ratio in the transition mode, then the potential based boundary element method (BEM) is used on the engaged surfaces. Two models of three and six-bladed SPPs (SPP-1 and SPP-2) were selected and some results are shown.

Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting Institutionalized

External Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting （CSER） finds its raison d＇etre in corporations＇ search for both a license to operate and accountability towards society. This suggests a relationship between corporations and society. In this study, that relationship is analyzed, specifically the relationship between levels of CSER and economic institutions. A strong link with institutions is an outcome of institutionalization. The economic institutions applied are economic freedom and legal origin as a proxy for national corporate governance systems. The results of this descriptive study show associations between CSER levels and economic freedom. CSER is also related to national corporate governance systems through legal origin. CSER appears to be institutionalized, or in any case, corporations seem to be aware of the economic institutionalization of CSER.

Pricing and Permit Loads Impact on Overlay Costs for Highways in Louisiana

A methodology for the evaluation of the economic impact of overweight permitted vehicles hauling agricultural products on state highways is presented in this study. The different gross vehicle weight scenarios that are selected for this investigation range between 80,000 lb. and 100,000 lb. Uniform distribution of axle loads and lumped loads are considered in this study. This study evaluates the proposed higher truck loads and their economic impact to the highways and to the industry. The effects of adapting higher truck loads on the existing highways are evaluated using a deterministic load capacity evaluation as well as a reliability assessment. The target reliability level is derived from AASHTO （American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials） standard design specifications to satisfy safe and adequate performance level. The overlay thickness required to carry traffic from each gross vehicle weight scenario for the overlay design period is determined. Differences in overlay life were calculated for different gross vehicle weight scenarios with uniform and lumped axle loads. The overlay thickness and costs were determined for a twenty year analysis period using statistical methods. The result showed that lumped loads with allowable axle load of 48,000 lb. produce more pavement damage than the current permitted gross vehicle weight for timber trucks with equally loaded axles.

Regulation of Private Security Companies and Equitable Policing in Nigeria

Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national development In order to fully benefit from their contribution and prevent them from engaging in illegal activities, states formulate and enforce policies that seek to regulate their activities. This paper examines the regulation of private guards companies in Nigeria using Abuja as its empirical core. The main aim is to promote understanding of how the private security industry is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory policy. Data for the paper were generated from in-depth interviews with the NSCDC （Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps）, analysis of the policy for PSCs （private security companies）, and a review of the annual performance report of the regulatory agency. The results revealed that the current system of PSC regulation is characterized by a lack of specialty classification of private security licences, limited regulatory scope with a focus on licensing of companies, lack of uniform standards on training, and high cost/difficulties in obtaining operational license. The paper concludes that the current regulatory setup for PSCs in Nigeria is ineffective and unsustainable and recommends an urgent review of the legal framework to alien its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry.

Oil Import and Export in China

Domestic economic growth slowed down and supply exceeded demand in oil market in 2015, so the growth of refineries＂ processing volume was limited. Nevertheless, the gradual decontrol of market and the storage requirement under low oil price, crude oil imports hit a record high of 335.5 million tons, with the growth rate approximating 9%. Refined oil exports soared and imports decreased, which made China become a net refined oil exporter for the first time for 24 years, and net imports reached 6.22 million tons. Robust requirement on chemical raw materials propelled imported liquefied petroleum gas market to go on expanding. Imports exceeded 12 ,zillion tons in 2015, thus China leaped into the world＇s largest liquefied petroleum gas importer. In 2016, oil consumption growth would be kept at lower level. However, China would further decontrol crude oil import and refined oil export permits and put incremental storage capacity, into use. Therefore, crude oil imports would continue to rise up, and refined oil exports may hit a new historic high. hnported liquefied petroleum gas market will enter into a stage of stable growth after two years rapid development.

Description of squeezed surface plasmons

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the combined electron oscillations and electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Recently Huck et al. [Huck A, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 102: 246802] proved that SPPs can be in a squeezed state, and the squeezed surface plasmons can propagate in a gold waveguide. In this paper, we introduce a quantum mechanical description of the squeezed surface plasmons at first, and discuss the influence of the waveguide losses on the squeezed surface plasmons.

Which Plays a Decisive Role in Technology Licensing Involved in Technology Standards, Patented Technology or Know-how？

It is wen-known that patented technology licensing is closely related to technology standards, and whether a technology standard contains a specific patented technology solution or not, there is always a patented technology hcensing imphed, for patented technology hcensing is a prerequisite for the existence and development of technology standards. Therefore, technology standards create a good many potential chances for hcensing patented technologies concerning them. Superficially speaking, patent holders achieve huge profits mainly by means of hcensing patented technologies through a standard mainly in the form of a patent pool; however, in fact, it is know-how licensing behind the patented technology involved in the standard that really helps patent holders make huge profits.