谈中国文化史与文学史中的以四论列现象

中国的文化与文学史上有大量的对各种人物与其他事物以四论列的情况。考察这些实例,能够发现它们有很多不是按照历史事实自然建立的,而是一种独特的文化现象。这种现象不易用数理文化来加以解释,而更多地与汉语与中国诗歌文化的一些特点有关。这种现象从宋代开始大量出现,从一个侧面反映了宋代以来中国经济、文化的繁荣。

为什么说“杜牧刚直有奇节、敢论列大事”?

《新唐书·杜牧传》说:"牧刚直有奇节,不为龌龊小谨,敢论列大事,指陈病利尤切至。"但纵观杜牧一生行事,于此出入似乎很大。本文通过论述杜牧对"刘蕡落第"事件的态度、对"甘露之变"的态度以及对"牛李党争"的态度来说明杜牧确实与新唐书上的评价有出入。

再论“杜牧刚直有奇节、敢论列大事”

《新唐书·杜牧传》说:"牧刚直有奇节,不为龌龊小谨,敢论列大事,指陈病利尤切至。"但纵观杜牧一生行事,于此出入似乎很大。本文通过论述杜牧对"刘蕡落第"事件的态度、对"甘露之变"的态度以及对"牛李党争"的态度来说明杜牧确实与新唐书上的评价有出入。

“封建”概念泛化的历史考察

一、问题的提出“封建”作为史学术语,其概念的古今演绎和中外对接,情状复杂,多有困扰人处。笔者思索此题已近二十年,前此所撰《史学术语“封建”误植考辨》一文①论列千虑之一得,然意犹未尽,特续作本文,重点探究“封建”概念泛化的几个关键环节,凡前文已详述者,本文从略。“封建”本来含义明确,所谓“列爵曰封,分土曰建”②,此为古时不刊之论。

Pancreatic Head Carcinoma Versus Chronic Pancreatitis of Pancreatic Head: MR Imaging

Objective: To evaluate the manifestation of pancreatic head carcinoma andchronic pancreatitis of pancreatic head on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine whetherMR imaging can distinguish the two diseases. Methods: A retrospective review of MR findings wasperformed for 24 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma and 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis ofpancreatic head. SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences with and without fat suppression were performed onall 27 cases. Enhanced SE T1WI with fat suppression was performed on 8 patients with carcinomas and3 patients with pancreatitis, respectively. When dilatation of the pancreatic and/or biliary ductswas noted on T2WI sequence, MRCP were performed on 23 patients with carcinoma and 1 patient withpancreatitis, respectively. Results: Cases of carcinoma presented hypointensity (n=8) or mildhypointensity (n=16) on conventional SE T1WI, hy-perintensity (n=8), mild hyperintensity (n=5),isointensity (n=10) or hypointensity (n=1) on conventional FSE T2WI,hyperintensity (n=11),isointensity (n=11) or mild hypointensity (n=2) on FSE T2WI with fat suppression, and hypointensity(n=24) on fat-suppressed SE T1WI. MRCP demonstrated typical 'double duct sign' and abruptinterruption at distal segment of dilated common bile duct. All 8 patients with carcinoma showedlittle enhancement. All 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis showed mild hypointensity oriosintensity on conventional SE T1WI and hyperintensity on conventional FSE T2WI sequences,respectively. Two patients showed isointensity and mild hyperintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI andFSE T2WI sequences, respectively. The remaining patient showed hypointensity and heterogeneousintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences respectively and a mild dilated commonbiliary duct with irregularly dilated proximal pancreatic duct on MRCP. All 3 patients with chronicpancreatitis showed various enhancements. Conclusion: Both pancreatic head carcinoma and chronicpancreatitis show various signals on various sequences and abnormal pancreatic enhancement patternand most cases of pancreatic head carcinoma and some cases of chronic pancreatitis show abnormalMRCP appearances. With the combined use of multiple sequences, especially precontrast andpostcontrast SE T1WI FS and MRCP, pancreatic head carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis of pancreatichead may be distinguished from each other.

PROGRESS OF GREY SYSTEM MODELS

The progress of grey system models is reviewed, and the general grey numbers, the grey sequence op- erators and several most commonly used grey system models are introduced, such as the absolute degree of grey incidence model, the grey cluster model based on endpoint triangular whitenization functions, the grey cluster model based on center-point triangular whitenization functions, the grey prediction model of the model GM （ 1,1）, and the weighted multi-attribute grey target decision model.

Invariant Determinants in Banach Algebras

The invariant determinants ha Banach algebras are discussed and a necessary and sufficient condition for those integral traced unital Barach algebra(A,τ) admitting a G-invari- ant determinant is obtained,where G is a group of trace preserving automorphisms of A.

Determinant Theory in Banach Algebras

A determinant theory is developed for Banach algebras and a characterization of those traced unital Banach algebras admitting a determinant is given.

PERFECT PUNCTURED BINARY SEQUENCE PAIRS

This paper presents the definition of perfect punctured binary sequence pair and the combinatorial admissible conditions for searching the perfect punctured binary sequence pairs and proves that all of the pseudo-random binary sequences satisfy these conditions. Computer calculation verifies that the pseudo-random binary sequences with length up to N=127 can be easily turned into perfect punctured binary sequence pairs.

RESEARCH ON PERFECT DYADIC BINARY SEQUENCE PAIR

In this paper, the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair with one-value dyadic correlation functions is presented. That is, the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair is a perfect discrete signal, for its dyadic relative function is δ-function. The transformation features and some existing admissibility conditions of perfect dyadic binary sequence pair are discussed, and the properties for this kind of code in Walsh transformation spectrum and weight spectrum are also analyzed. From above, It is found that the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair can easily differentiate from its dyadic shifting. So these good signals can used in engineering as synchronization code, multi-user code and so on.

Classifying R-dual Sequence in the Abstract Frame Theory

In this paper,two operators are defined,and their underlying properties are found,then the R-dual relationship is classified from the aspect of the operators defined.Furthermore,the commutability of the bases of constructing R-dual sequence is discussed.In particular,SR-dual sequence is defined and is clarified.At last an example is given.

Analysis and Practical Significance of Lenin＇s Legal Supervision Theory

In order to ensure that law can be effectively implemented, Lenin started from social reality and construction of regime in Soviet Russia, and systematically analyzed value significance and system construction of legal supervision, based on which he proposed to establish unified legal supervision system to fulfill the functions of legal supervision. The paper starts with theoretical basis and content of Lenin＇ s legal supervision, and expounds the importance of legal supervision in Soviet Russia.

Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the major capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the majority of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

A FRACTAL MODEL AND ENERGY DISSIPATION FOR EN ECHELON FRACTURES

observations from the field and the taboratory show that en echelon fractures withinfracture zones have a foede1 within Ricdel structure’ The tensile fallure mecbanism of en echelonfractures can be described by the pile-ups of sbear crack-dislocations. A fractal model can be used tosimulate the Riedel within Xiedel geometry, allowing the direct rneasarement of tbe ftactal dimen sions of en echelon fractare systems. The energy dissipation of tbe en ccbe1on fracture system canbe deduced using a fracil damage evo1ution model which exptalns tbe evo1ution process of en eche lon fracture svstems. The fractal nature of the fractures can be used to dcrive an accurate estimateof total energy dissipation.

Regularity of Solution for a Class Zakharov-Kuznestov Equation

In this paper, we consider the regularity of solution in S for Zakharov-Kuznestov equation in H^s(s>2). Meanwhile, by method of undetermined coefficient we prove that there don't exist and conservative integral include 2 order of higher order derived functions.

A NEW PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION SCHEME BASED ON LUCAS SEQUENCE

Investigated the properties of LUCas sequence(LUC), the paper proposed a new variant of (probabilistic) public-key encryption scheme. Security analysis of the proposed encryption schemes shows that its one-wayness is equivalent to partial LUC discrete logarithm problem in ZN, and for the proposed probabilistic encryption scheme, its semantic security is equivalent to decisional LUC Diffie-Hellman problem in ZN. At last, the efficiency of the proposed schemes is briefly analyzed.

Experiment and Simulation of Large Capacity Air-guns in Deep Structure Exploration

The air-gun source has important applications as a new, environmentally, green active source in regional scale deep exploration. In the past, the air gun source was used mainly in smallscale, high-resolution shallow oil exploration, but has a lack of adequate research in deep exploration. In order to study the selection of work parameters and field conditions of the air gun source in deep exploration, this paper does the following work： （1） analyze the characteristics of the air gun source using air gun experiments; （2） simulate the air gun signal and air gun-array signal based on the theory of free bubble oscillation to analyze the influence of bubble oscillation and study the wavelet energy and spectrum characteristics needed in deep exploration; （3） on the basis of theoretical simulation, study the influence of work parameters, such as air-gun capacity, work stress and depth on air gun signal and analyze the influence of air-gun array inspired moment and spacing of different air guns on air gun-array signals; and （4） study energy reflection and transmission coefficients for different underwater interfaces, which is very useful for choosing suitable field conditions.

Entropy of Partitions on Sequential Effect Algebras

By using the sequential effect algebra theory, we establish the partitions and refinements of quantum logics and study their entropies.

Research on General Permutation Encryption Module Based on Chaos Theory

Replacement and substitution encryption are two basic types of encryption historically. The classical encryption algorithm has been compromised now, but they still can play special role for modem cryptnlogy. For example, in digital image encryption system, substitution can disrupt the original order of the images and eliminate the correlation of image information which not only can realize security of images, but also can resist intentional attack and destruction of clipping and noise. And transposition transformation is introduced into the design of block ciphers. The substitution has the feature of high efficiency and resistance, which makes it meet the specific requirements of encryption. So substitution cypher can be applied to modern encryption system.

DISCUSSION ON AVERAGE GENERATION OF TWODIMENSIONAL DATA SEQUENCE IN GREY SYSTEM THEORY

An unequal time interval sequence or a sequence with blanks is usually completed with average generation in grey system theory. This paper discovers that there exists obvious errors when using average generation to generate internal points of non-consecutive neighbours. The average generation and the preference generation of the sequence are discussed, the concave and convex properties show the status of local sequence and propose a new idea for using the status to build up the criteria of choosing generation coefficient. Compared with the general average method of the one-dimensional data sequence, the two-dimensional data sequence is defined and its average generation is discussed, and the coefficient decision method for the preference generation is presented.