郭象《论语体略》研究

郭象是魏晋南北朝玄学的代表,其玄学思想不仅体现在《庄子注》中,而且体现在九条《论语体略》中。郭象《论语体略》九条包含有以"性"、"情"注"德"、"政"、"礼"的思想,"因循"思想和"与众玄同"的思想。

移动学习的特征与手机出版

文章描述了移动学习的特征是零散时间、点滴摄入的碎片式阅读,经过一定积累,建立了一个完整的知识拼图,同时分析了这一特征是建立在个体习惯、偏好的个性化学习基础之上。因此以满足移动学习为基本目标的手机出版,便捷、即时性的知识服务是其内容特征,而打破传统纸介出版的线性结构、以非系统、非线性的,即"形散而神不散"的"论语体"为手机出版的内容表现形式。

Thesaurus-based approach for building domain ontology with a case study of military aircraft prototype ontology construction

To alleviate the amount of work involved in constructing a domain ontology, starting with the base of an existing terminological-rich thesaurus is better than starting from scratch. With a case study of reengineering the Defense Science and Technology Thesaurus into a prototype military aircraft ontology, a four-phase thesaurus-based methodology is introduced and investigated, which consists of identifying the application purpose, overall design, designing in detail and evaluation. Designing in detail is the core step, converting the terms and semantic relationships of the thesaurus into an ontology and supplementing richer semantic relationships. The resulting prototype ontology includes 87 concepts and 34 relationships, and can be extended and scaled up to a full-fledged domain ontology in the future. Eight universal genres of relationships of this ontology are preliminarily summarized and analyzed, including equivalent relationships, approximate relationships, generic/abstract relationships, part/whole relationships, cause/effect relationships, entity/location relationships etc., and the normalization of semantic relationships is critical to the merging and reusing of follow-up multiple ontologies.

An OWL-based WordNet lexical ontology

This paper discribes a data representation for WordNet 2.1 based on Web Ontology Language (OWL). The main components of WordNet database are transformed as classes in OWL, and the relations between synsets or lexcial words are transformed as OWL properties. Our conversion is based on the data file of WordNet instead of the Prolog database. This work can be used to enrich the work in progress of standard conversion of WordNet to the RDF/OWL representation at W3C.

Data Migration for Ontology Evolution

Ontology is the conceptual backbone that provides meaning to data on the semantic web. However, ontology is not a static resource and may evolve over time, which often leaves the meaning of data in an undefined or inconsistent state. It is thus very important to have a method to preserve the data and its meaning when ontology changes. This paper proposed a general method that solves the problem using data migration. It analyzed some of the issues in the method including separation of ontology and data, migration specification, migration result and migration algorithm. The paper also instantiates the general mothod in RDF(S) as an example. The RDF(S) example itself is a simple but complete method for migrating RDF data when RDFS ontology changes.

The Application of Stylistics in British and American Literature Teaching

Stylistics applies modem linguistic theory to the description of and analysis into varieties of language and their stylistic features. As such it may serve to investigate the styles of British and American literary works, thus facilitating the teaching of British and American literature. This paper, after surveying the basic stylistic theory and its relevance to research on and teaching of literature, illustrates how to effectively adopt the method of stylistic analysis in the teaching of British and American literature

The Melodramatic Narrative and Ontological Quest in Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue

The study deals with Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue （1994）, which is a love story between a Mexican American woman and a Salvadoran refugee. The female protagonist, Mary, delves into connotations of love, expanding it to understanding of the other. The story deploys politically imbricated religious practices in relation to the U.S. Sanctuary movement in the 80s. Mary＇s amorous encounter with the other leads her to discover the expansion of friendship and solidarity and, ultimately to rediscover religiosity based on reawakened ethics. This study argues that the melodramatic mode employed in this novel implicitly reveals an inherent aspiration for the sacred, albeit not fully representable. The author＇s involvement in the genre of romance and the melodramatic mode ironically attests to her striving for the spiritual ideal and ontological answer. In the end, this essay reveals that drawing on the popular melodramatic narrative, the romantic engagement with the alterity can be more efficiently introduced into the ontological quest for the absolute presence.

Investigating Social Presence in Audio and Text Online Interaction for Language Learning

This study aimed at comparing the level of social presence generated in a voice-based chat room and a text-based forum when learners tried to build personal relationships and form an online community for learning on an online language course in China. A mixed-method approach was taken for the study, drawing on data from questionnaires to find out about student perception of social presence, and postings of text messages and audio messages in the communication of the student learning process to search for students’ projected social presence in terms of affective, interactive and cohesive features. Interviews were also conducted to supplement additional information with the hope of forming a complete picture of social presence in the reality of an online learning environment. The text-based forum and the voice-based chat room were found to have a different impact on student social presence. In terms of student perception, most of them were more likely to get to know peers in the text-based forum and thus developed a sense of community in their learning process of the online course. Yet they believed that the voice-based chat room had the advantage of helping them with course learning. In the actual interaction, the voice-based chat room was more interactive although the text-based forum was more affective and cohesive. But in terms of the affective category, the problem with the existing framework in literature was that there were no prosodic features included. Therefore, in future more research is needed to probe for the relationship between prosodic sound features and social presence, and the present theoretic framework must be extended. In interviews, students explained that in the voice-based chat room prosodic features led to higher peer awareness, which further reinforced this need.

Semantic Indexing of Algorithms Courses Based on a New Ontology

Since the publication of the indexation documents and queries are represented by keywords from their content. The use of words to represent the document content and query generates several problems, the ambiguity of words and their disparity. The semantic indexing is as a solution that answers these problems. The goal context where the ambiguity is present, the semantic indexing is meant is to index by the meaning of words rather than words. In a to improve the performance of IRS （Information Retrieval System）. In this sense we will soon overcome the problems of traditional indexing approaches. What we propose is a new approach that will allow semantically indexing algorithms courses written in French language, based on a new application ontology. The aim of our approach is to adjust a semantic annotation tool with the reference ontology. The semantic annotation tool we generate an index that will be used in e-Learning as needed （question answering performance on the field. systems, information retrieval systems ） while improving

＂Oh Wow. Oh Wow. Oh Wow＂ Ontological Contexts and Transconceptual Interpretations of Death and Dying

In this paper, I examine Apple Founder Steve Job＇s final words ＂Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow＂ as uttered to his half-Sister Mona Simpson as a framework to explore how pre-experiential linguistic, social, and ontological patterns shape and construct consciousness and expressions at the final moment of death. Final words of passage provide society with insight into the experience of being human in the transition from life to death, both in their limitations and in their potential for providing a continuous fluidity of transformation. Understanding how these final words are transconceptual experiences will encourage us to reflect on alternative interpretative possibilities sensitive to ontological and logical contexts of death and dying providing a holistic alternative framework which is more congruent with individual spiritual needs.

A Brief View of Practice Ontology Aesthetics in the Context of Contemporary China

In recent years, Practice Ontology Aesthetics takes shape in academic discussion and argument. The introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics occurred in the course of introspection of Practice Aesthetics in modem China, in which the existence dimension in Marxist concept of practice was of great significance to breaking the theoretical limitation of present Practice Aesthetics. Therefore, in terms of the distinctive context of Chinese contemporary aesthetics, the introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics from the theoretical perspective of Marxist existentialism offers a possible way to break the current aesthetics and represents a multiple academic pursuit of Marxist, Chinese and modem aesthetics.

An Article Review： Impact of Explicit Instruction on EFL Learners＇ Implicit and Explicit Knowledge： A Case of English Relative Clauses

This review discusses Nezakat-Alhossaini, Youhanaee, and Moinzadeh＇s research study entitled ＂Impact of Explicit Instruction on EFL Learners＇ Implicit and Explicit Knowledge： A Case of English Relative Clauses.＂ This study was chosen for evaluation because it strives to attach significance to explicit instruction in L2 acquisition, unlike other more recent research, which seeks to reinforce implicit instruction as it is viewed as the idealistic goal of language learning （Rebuschat ＆ William, 2009）. The present review will be developed by means of an evaluation of Alhossaini and her colleagues＇ study, consisting of a concise summary of the study, a classification of the philosophical perspective, the selection of criteria, and the strengths and weaknesses of the study. In this review, I hope that I succeed to broadly navigate the research enterprise, commencing with the philosophical perspective of research, such as the epistemological and ontological stances shaping the philosophical perspective and then colouring the research. By reviewing this study, I would also hope that I successfully evaluate the research quality by using appropriate criteria in an attempt to suggest potential directions for further research （under strengths and weaknesses of the study）.

Heidegger on Discourse and Idle Talk

The present article focuses on Heidegger＇s productive appropriation of Aristotle＇s rhetoric. It pays special attention to the lectures of 1924, Basic Concepts of.4ristotelian Philosophy, and its later influence on the phenomenon of idle talk exposed in Being and Time. First, a brief overview is given of Heidegger＇s early rediscovery of Aristotle＇s political and practical writings. Second, special attention is given to his ontological reading of Aristotle＇s practical and political writings, focusing on the sphere of communicability and publicness inherent to opinions. And third, the paper describes the positive and negative aspects related to the phenomenon of idle talk sketched out in Being and Time, a phenomenon which condensates a good portion of his early interpretations of Aristotelian rhetoric.

The Essence of Group Discussions

Group discussions are very important in oral English classes. It maximizes students＇ speaking time in a specified-time period. Group discussions have a strong positive effect on the atmosphere in the classroom and the behaviors of the students as they can get more ideas from their friends, and sometimes students don＇t even understand the topic for discussion but by interacting with others they can understand the topic. Particularly it is a good warm-up in conversational classes. The most important reason for using group discussions before speaking tasks is to reduce students＇ nervousness of making mistakes. And this encourages students to be more active in speaking class.

Feminism in Theistic Humanism： The Question of Gender Discourse in African Philosophy

An inquiry into the ontology of critical gender consciousness in Africa Philosophy is long overdue. Hitherto discourses on gender problems lost focus because of the tendency to leave out the gaps in culture created by colonial experience, modernity＇s assaults and unAfricaness in ontology and essence. It is argued here that the fulcrum for a legitimate feminist doctrine is Theistic Humanism, the philosophy of African philosophy that exposes the epistemological and metaphysical basis of the rightful and ethical place of women in the society without injury, injustice and abuse on womanhood. Theistic Humanism as an ontology and cosmology abhors class struggle among husbands, wives, sons, daughters, etc.. Class struggle between men and women degenerated from the oneness of being ontology and Gender community where husbands and wives were happily married with different complementary social roles for the preservation of society.

The Discourse of Corruption： Appraisal in Indonesian Media

This article discusses corruption case as a discourse. Appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White （2005） is used to analyze the data taken from the Jakarta Post, an Indonesian newspaper written in English. The theory is an extension of Halliday＇s Systemic Functional Linguistic. It offers the interpersonal relations between participants involved in the context. Appraisal in terms of attitude, engagement, and graduation is critically used to evaluate the collected data. The result of the study shows that the use of strong judgment as indicated by the absence of modality shows that the appraisers try to get public support.

Understanding IT Artefacts with Language

Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology （IT） artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign： a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier （hardware） and the signified （software）. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language--which is an institution--is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity.

On cultivating students＇ ability of autonomous leaming during the English class in universities

It is necessary to cultivate students＇ ability of autonomous learning. This is not only because the theory of life-long learning and the theory of modem languages teaching but also the guarantee of improving the efficiency of English teaching. In order to develop students＇ ability of autonomous learning, English teachers should improve students＇ learning surroundings, develop their motivation, use creative teaching methods and make full use of multimedia equipment and network resources.

On the Development of a Chinese Discourse in Literary Studies Based on Current Practice

There are two mistaken tendencies in the development of a Chinese literary discourse in academia. One is the ＂red dancing shoes＂ phenomenon, where scholars run helter- skelter after the latest developments in Western literary theory; the other is the ＂bound feet＂ phenomenon, where tradition-bound scholars believe that tradition must be kept unchanged and that Chinese literary theory should be cleansed of all alien elements. Neither approach is desirable. Contemporary Chinese literary theory should be grounded in present realities and should distinguish between substance and function. ＂Substance＂ has to consist of China＇s present literary creation and critical practice; only thus can we appropriate Western and traditional Chinese literary theories in the service of today＇s needs, and make the ancient serve the modern and the foreign the Chinese. This will enable us to develop a literary discourse that is both contemporary and Chinese.