针对窄带物联网(narrowband internet of things,NB-IoT)中,处于蜂窝边缘覆盖薄弱区域的用户设备(user equipment,UE)到基站的直接链路质量可能并不满足数据传输的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)要求,提出一种设备到设备(device-to-d...针对窄带物联网(narrowband internet of things,NB-IoT)中,处于蜂窝边缘覆盖薄弱区域的用户设备(user equipment,UE)到基站的直接链路质量可能并不满足数据传输的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)要求,提出一种设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)通信辅助NB-IoT UE数据上传的方案。该方案采用D2D通信作为NB-IoT系统的路由扩展。当候选中继UEs工作在D2D通信模式以节省能量时,边缘UEs根据它们的中继时间表选择一组D2D中继设备,用于上行链路数据的传输。此外,对于NB-IoT系统传输设备数不足的问题,进一步提出基于动态规划的优化算法,实现了最佳的单位能量提供的传输设备数(transmission device number provides by unit energy,NUE)。仿真结果表明,与直接传输、单中继和多中继等其他算法相比,所提的maxNUE算法在不同的UE/中继发射功率和中继占空比下均获得了最大的NUE。展开更多
This paper deals with the experimental investigation on Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal en-hancement factor of a double pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape consisting wire nails(WN-TT) and plain ...This paper deals with the experimental investigation on Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal en-hancement factor of a double pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape consisting wire nails(WN-TT) and plain twisted tapes(P-TT) with three different twist ratios of y 2.0,4.4 and 6.0. Test runs are conducted using the water as the working fluid with Reynolds number range between 2000 and 12000 for WN-TT and P-TT. It is found that Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with WN-TT appreciably higher than those in the tube fitted with P-TT and plain tube. Over the range considered Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with WN-TT are respectively,1.08 to 1.31,1.1 to 1.75 and 1.05 to 1.13 times of those in tube with P-TT. The better performance of WN-TT is due to combined effects of the follow-ing factors:(1) common swirling flow generated by P-TT,(2) additional turbulence offered by the wire nails. Em-pirical correlations for Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are also formulated from the experimental results of WN-TT and P-TT.展开更多
In the last few years, the number of devices operating in wireless Internet of Things （IoT） has experienced tremendous growth. On the other hand, the growth results in spectrum scarcity. Cog- nitive Radio （CR） sys...In the last few years, the number of devices operating in wireless Internet of Things （IoT） has experienced tremendous growth. On the other hand, the growth results in spectrum scarcity. Cog- nitive Radio （CR） systems have been proposed to efficiently exploit the spectra that have been assigned but are underutilized. In this paper, a spectrum sensing model based on Markov chain is proposed to predict the spectrum hole for CR in wireless IoT. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have been evaluated that a Markov model with two- state or four-state works well enough in wireless loT whereas a model with more states is not necessary for it is complex.展开更多
文摘针对窄带物联网(narrowband internet of things,NB-IoT)中,处于蜂窝边缘覆盖薄弱区域的用户设备(user equipment,UE)到基站的直接链路质量可能并不满足数据传输的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)要求,提出一种设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)通信辅助NB-IoT UE数据上传的方案。该方案采用D2D通信作为NB-IoT系统的路由扩展。当候选中继UEs工作在D2D通信模式以节省能量时,边缘UEs根据它们的中继时间表选择一组D2D中继设备,用于上行链路数据的传输。此外,对于NB-IoT系统传输设备数不足的问题,进一步提出基于动态规划的优化算法,实现了最佳的单位能量提供的传输设备数(transmission device number provides by unit energy,NUE)。仿真结果表明,与直接传输、单中继和多中继等其他算法相比,所提的maxNUE算法在不同的UE/中继发射功率和中继占空比下均获得了最大的NUE。
文摘This paper deals with the experimental investigation on Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal en-hancement factor of a double pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape consisting wire nails(WN-TT) and plain twisted tapes(P-TT) with three different twist ratios of y 2.0,4.4 and 6.0. Test runs are conducted using the water as the working fluid with Reynolds number range between 2000 and 12000 for WN-TT and P-TT. It is found that Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with WN-TT appreciably higher than those in the tube fitted with P-TT and plain tube. Over the range considered Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with WN-TT are respectively,1.08 to 1.31,1.1 to 1.75 and 1.05 to 1.13 times of those in tube with P-TT. The better performance of WN-TT is due to combined effects of the follow-ing factors:(1) common swirling flow generated by P-TT,(2) additional turbulence offered by the wire nails. Em-pirical correlations for Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are also formulated from the experimental results of WN-TT and P-TT.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesSpecial Funds for Key Program of the China(2009ZX01039-002-001-07)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60971082and61872049)National Great Science Specific Project(2010ZX03005-001-03)Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Build Together Project and Ministry of Education Infrastructure Construction Project(2-5-2)
文摘In the last few years, the number of devices operating in wireless Internet of Things （IoT） has experienced tremendous growth. On the other hand, the growth results in spectrum scarcity. Cog- nitive Radio （CR） systems have been proposed to efficiently exploit the spectra that have been assigned but are underutilized. In this paper, a spectrum sensing model based on Markov chain is proposed to predict the spectrum hole for CR in wireless IoT. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have been evaluated that a Markov model with two- state or four-state works well enough in wireless loT whereas a model with more states is not necessary for it is complex.
