油气人工岛危险分析与设施安全性研究

我国浅海石油开发时间较短,目前尚未就油气人工岛开发工程的有关安全问题和相关标准适用性进行过系统的研究。本文通过对油气人工岛工程建设以及生产期间潜在的危险点源进行研究,分析其各种交互影响,并提出油气人工岛危险因素控制措施,为“海油陆采”的开发思路提供适用性建议。油气人工岛分为岛体结构以及岛上油气生产设施两大组成部分,本文将油气人工岛划分为人工岛岛体与上部产能生产设施两个研究单元,开展危险因素辨识研究。

扁袋除尘器在木工车间通风除尘中的应用

介绍了模块式扁袋除尘器的工作原理及技术特点。通过某木工制造厂木工车间通风除尘工程应用实践,证明该除尘器能满足木工车间通风除尘、劳动保护和环境保护的需要,并能取得良好的治理效果。

Structural safety monitoring for Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge

In order to evaluate objectively and accurately the integrity, safety and operating conditions in real time for the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, a large structural safety monitoring system was described. The monitoring system is composed of three parts: sensor system, signal sampling and processing system, and safety monitoring and assessment system. Combining theoretical analysis with measured data analysis, main monitoring contents and layout of measuring points were determined. The vibration response monitoring was significantly investigated. The main contents of safety monitoring on vibration response monitoring are vibration of the main body of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge, collision avoidance of the bridge piers, vibration of girders on high piers for the bridge approach and earthquake. As a field laboratory, the safety monitorying system also provides information to investigate the unknown and indeterminate problems on bridge structures and specific environment around bridges.

Theoretical design and dynamic simulation of new mining paths of tracked miner on deep seafloor

With comprehensive considerations of the operational safety and collection efficiency for the tracked miner collecting the seafloor poly-metallic nodules, two new improved mining paths for the miner on the deep seafloor were proposed. Compared to the conventional mining path, the design principles and superiorities of the two new paths are that the miner turning with relative long radius should avoid large sinkage and high slip, so as to ensure its operational safety, while the space between its straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is optimum, which is designed as the total width of the miner, and collect nodules as more as possible, so as to ensure its collection efficiency. To realize the new mining paths, theoretical designs and quantitative calculations were carried out to determine the exact positions for the speed controls of the miner during its whole operation process. With the new dynamic model of the miner, and through regulations of the speeds of the left and right tracks of the miner on the exact motion positions according to the theoretical calculations, the two new improved mining paths for the miner on the seafloor were successfully simulated, thus the turning radius of the miner in the simulation is about 21.8 m, while the distance between the straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is about 5.2 m. The dynamic simulation results preliminarily prove the feasibility of these two new mining paths, and further can provide important theoretical guidance and useful technical reference for the practical tracked miner operation and control on the seafloor.

Analysis of the current rib support practices and techniques in U.S. coal mines

Design of rib support systems in U.S. coal mines is based primarily on local practices and experience. A better understanding of current rib support practices in U.S. coal mines is crucial for developing a sound engineering rib support design tool. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current practices of rib control in U.S. coal mines. Twenty underground coal mines were studied representing various coal basins,coal seams,geology,loading conditions,and rib control strategies. The key findings are:(1) any rib design guideline or tool should take into account external rib support as well as internal bolting;(2) rib bolts on their own cannot contain rib spall,especially in soft ribs subjected to significant load—external rib control devices such as mesh are required in such cases to contain rib sloughing;(3) the majority of the studied mines follow the overburden depth and entry height thresholds recommended by the Program Information Bulletin 11-29 issued by the Mine Safety and Health Administration;(4) potential rib instability occurred when certain geological features prevailed—these include draw slate and/or bone coal near the rib/roof line,claystone partings,and soft coal bench overlain by rock strata;(5) 47% of the studied rib spall was classified as blocky—this could indicate a high potential of rib hazards; and(6) rib injury rates of the studied mines for the last three years emphasize the need for more rib control management for mines operating at overburden depths between 152.4 m and 304.8 m.

Tools to make C programs safe: a deeper study

The C programming language is expressive and flexible, but not safe; as its expressive power and flexibility are obtained through unsafe language features, and improper use of these features can lead to program bugs whose causes are hard to identify. Since C is widely used, and it is impractical to rewrite all existing C programs in safe languages, so ways must be found to make C programs safe. This paper deals with the unsafe features of C and presents a survey on existing solutions to make C pro- grams safe. We have studied binary-level instrumentation tools, source checkers, source-level instrumentation tools and safe dialects of C, and present a comparison of different solutions, summarized the strengths and weaknesses of different classes of solutions, and show measures that could possibly improve the accuracy or alleviate the overhead of existing solutions.

Inherently safer reactors and procedures to prevent reaction runaway

Reaction runaway has longtime been an issue in chemical industry as it often leads to severe accidents if not controlled and inhibited properly.Herein we have reviewed several key considerations and procedures to prevent such phenomena,including inherently safer reactor design,thermal risk assessment and early warning detection of runaway,and pointed out that the basic principle underlying is necessary heat management and construction of resilient processes.For inherently safer reactor design,important factors such as heat removal,heat capacitance,flow behaviors and explosive behaviors have been investigated.The survey shows that heat exchanger(HEX) reactor and microreactor outperform traditional reactors.Meanwhile,we have looked into the effect of thermal risk ranking and safety operation region determining for thermal risk assessment,and the influence of runaway criteria and construction methods for early detection of reaction runaway as well.It shows that thermal risk assessment plays a key role on process design,and early warning detection system(EWDS) is preferable on prevention of reaction runaway.In the end,perspectives regarding inherently safer designs with the measures discussed above have been provided.

Crucial technologies in the design of Xiluodu Super High Arch Dam

Some super high arch dams （ SHADs）, like Xiluodu Arch Dam, after their heights reaching the magnitude of 300 m, confront lots of technical challenges in design and construction. Several crucial technologies of 6 SHADs will be reviewed and discussed in this and consecutive papers, including Xiluodu, Jinping I in China, Baktiary in Iran, ete. , on the topics of the research method, criterion for evaluation and engineering application of dam safety analysis and evaluation, reasonable dam base interface, dam shape optimization, comprehensive treatments of complex foundation, anti-seismic engineering, dam construction material, concrete placement and temperature control, instrumentation and monitoring of dam operation, etc. This paper will mainly focus on the overall safety of SHADs, reasonable dam base interface analysis and evaluation and their engineering application.

What Are the Strategic Industries that Must Be Given Priority？

This paper presents the argument that the security of strategic industries is more important than financial security and lies at the heart of economic security. It further identifies the following industries as strategic industries： sustenance industry, infrastructure industry, equipment industry, environmental industry and information industry. For the health and security of the national economy, this paper proposes that a priority must be placed on researching the security of strategic industries.

Dynamic Design and Construction of Highway Cut Slopes in Huangshan Area, China

Deformation and failure of high slope impact the construction and operation safety of highway in the mountainous areas. The deformation and failure are mainly caused by poor design which normally has not well combined with the geological conditions and unplanned construction. Therefore, effective design and construction management should be conducted for ensuring a successful construction without damage and risk. In light of the reality of high slope construction along highway in the Huangshan area, this paper proposes a technical procedure for dynamic design and construction management of high slopes along highway in the mountainous area. The proposed construction management scheme is divided into three phases, i.e., 1) design phase, 2) preparation phase of excavation, and 3) construction phase. During the design phase, experiences and lessons learnt from the design and construction of other high slopes along highway in the same region are summarized. The number of slopes and slope height should be optimized from the aspects of route selection and route form. During the preparation phase of excavation, "Excavation Permit Management System" should be adopted, and construction scheme should be made by the construction unit, then the scientific research and design unit determine whether it guarantees slope stability and makes optimization measures. During the construction phase, the scientific research unit would make proposal of optimization design, and apply the achievements of scientific research into practice through common efforts of various units based on the understanding of excavation and investigation. The management system mentioned above is adopted to conduct dynamic design and construction management for more than 90 slopes along the Huangshan - Taling - Taolin Expressway, and successful results of application have been achieved.

Research on Contract Management and Control in the Process of Project Cost

In the current economic situation, strengthening the contract management of the construction cost has a beautifully role. At the same time, according to construction project cost management, the scientific management of the contract, can promote the reasonable and balanced investment cost allocation in the quality and safety and other aspects of the project, so that the construction project can obtain higher added value, and to further promote China＇ s economic construction and accelerate the pace of the city. This paper first briefly elaborates our construction project cost of the contract management on the present situation, and some problems are analyzed and discussed, and then puts forward some suggestions on the measures and countermeasures for cost management of construction engineering contract.

A Design of the Network Security Evaluation System

The security evaluation for an information network system is an important management tool to insure its normal operation. We must realize the significance of the comprehensive network security risks. A network evaluation model and the algorithm are presented and adapt the hierarchical method to characterize the security risk situation. The evaluation method is used to evaluate the key nodes and the mathematics is used to analyze the whole network security situation. Compared with others, the method can automatically create a rule-based security evaluation model to evaluate the security threat from the individual security elements and the combination of security elements, and then evaluation the network situation. It is shown that this system provides a valuable model and algorithms to help to find the security rules, adjust the security

Thinking substation construction project management methods

One of the most important tasks of security is the quality of the project substation substation construction project management, construction project management, including project bidding and engineering, electrical engineering and civil construction, engineering, quality control, safety management and supervision costs control, on-site supervision over the links, these links chain, indivisible, so long as a part of the management problems, will lead the entire construction project management effectiveness be affected, so it must be every link control and management work done, in order to guarantee the quality of the entire substation, in order to make security of supply substations, electrical safety and vital interests of users are protected. In this paper, the author details the three aspects substation construction management of the project, namely the concept of substation engineering, project management and construction safety, through these three aspects, the author analyzes the construction project management substation existing problems, To solve these problems and issues proposed some measures and construction process that need attention. It launched separately from the design, schedule, quality and other aspects of security and research, and in the course of the study stressed the importance of coordination between elements of construction and construction sectors as well as cooperation between the construction, explains the importance of the project cost control.

An engineering approach to improve the accuracy of one-step simulation for vehicle forming-to-crashworthiness integrated evaluation

To improve the accuracy of the vehicle crashworthiness simulation, it is necessary as well as important to integrate the valid forming effects of key parts. It has been agreed by many that one-step simulation results should be used only as a qualitative trend of the part but not as an engineering result for further structural analysis, especially for a relatively complex part. The study shows that it is inaccurate to analyze the forming effects with one-step simulation based on the geometry of the final part through comparison with the incremental simulation and verification with the actual part, whether in thickness or in plastic strain. However, incremental simulation is very time consuming and infeasible in the early stage of vehicle design due to lack- ing of forming tools and process parameters. An engineering approach is proposed to meet the requirement of accuracy as well as the time efficiency, where one-step simulation is conducted based on the geometry of the transformed part instead of the fi- nN part. The geometry of the transformed part is generated by simple die design engineering and proves to offer much more accuracy than the one-step simulation based on the final part geometry.