物流基础设施对双边贸易影响实证研究——基于31个国家和地区贸易数据的分析

随着全球经济一体化的加强,针对全球供应链的研究不断深化,降低国际贸易成本、促进本国产业发展成为各国越来越关注的论题,其中与运输成本密切相关的物流基础设施建设也成为各国投资的重点。本文利用31个主要贸易国家和地区1990-2008年双边贸易流量的面板数据,引入各类物流基础设施指标和物流基础设施综合指数建立扩展的引力模型,就物流基础设施对进出口贸易的影响展开实证研究。研究结果表明:电信和网络基础设施对双边贸易有显著影响;港口、航空和公路基础设施对双边贸易的促进作用明显,但铁路基础设施的影响仅部分有效。代表国家物流基础设施综合水平的物流设施综合指数,在消除贸易障碍、增强国家出口贸易竞争力方面成效显著。

房地产开发企业房屋价格成本控制

本文从房地产行业的房屋价格成本构成即土地成本、前期工程成本、建筑安装工程成本、市政公共设施成本、管理成本、贷款利息成本、税费成本及其他费用成本着手,提出控制房地产开发企业房屋价格成本的措施。

降低宽带无线接入成本的若干架构方案

高昂的无线接入网基础设施成本是运营商在3G(乃至4G)时代提供随时随地的无线宽带接入服务时面临的最突出问题,文章通过对影响网络基础设施成本的主要相关因素进行分析发现:电子设备并不是决定网络基础设施成本的最主要因素,与之相联系的塔桅、机房、电源、配套设备以及后期的运行维护成本才是主要影响因素。基于以上分析,本文提出了若干可有效降低宽带无线接入网络基础设施成本的架构方案以及实施这些方案需关注的关键技术问题。最后,文章模拟了以上4种候选方案的业务场景以评估它们在不同业务场景下的适用性。

交通需求管理费用-效益分析

从社会、企业。

改变远程通讯的面貌

在风云变幻的远程通讯市场上,IP电话一直保持着其良好的发展势头。面对着竞争日趋激烈的全球市场,无论是政府专营的电话公司、ISP还是本地交换业务运营商(CLEC)和PTT都在不断地寻找提高其服务水平和质量的方法。 IP电话已经引起了这些遍布世界的服务提供商们的普遍关注。在降低网络基础设施成本的同时,它还可以提供丰富的新业务功能。VoIP正在改变着信息访问的方式,将语音、数据、传真及多媒体等功能融合进了一个统一的网络访问基础结构之中。

通信设备制造商需要高功率输出和小尺寸解决方案

许多通信系统通过48 V背板供电。此电压通常会降至较低的中间母线电压,通常降至12 V、5 V甚至更低,以便为系统内的电路板机架供电。但是,这些电路板上的大部分子电路或IC都需要在3.x V到低至0.5 V的电压范围内工作,且电流从几十毫安到几百安培不等。因此,要从这些较高的母线电压降至子电路或IC所需的较低电压,必须使用负载点(PoL) DC/DC转换器。

Towards Auction-Based HPC Computing in the Cloud

Cloud computing is expanding widely in the world of IT infrastructure. This is due partly to the cost-saving effect of economies of scale. Fair market conditions can in theory provide a healthy environment to reflect the most reasonable costs of computations. While fixed cloud pricing provides an attractive low entry barrier for compute-intensive applications, both the consumer and supplier of computing resources can see high efficiency for their investments by participating in auction-based exchanges. There are huge incentives for the cloud provider to offer auctioned resources. However, from the consumer perspective, using these resources is a sparsely discussed challenge. This paper reports a methodology and framework designed to address the challenges of using HPC （High Performance Computing） applications on auction-based cloud clusters. The authors focus on HPC applications and describe a method for determining bid-aware checkpointing intervals. They extend a theoretical model for determining checkpoint intervals using statistical analysis of pricing histories. Also the latest developments in the SpotHPC framework are introduced which aim at facilitating the managed execution of real MPI applications on auction-based cloud environments. The authors use their model to simulate a set of algorithms with different computing and communication densities. The results show the complex interactions between optimal bidding strategies and parallel applications performance.

Long Run Relationships, Vertical Integration and International Competition： Can They Contribute to Explaining Regional Construction Cost Differences？

The existence of opportunistic behavior by contractors or sub-contractors in the bidding process encouraged by the governance structure of construction companies as well as the kind of relationship that exist between contractors and clients is thought to have some bearing on the rising construction cost observed in some regions of Sweden. Three hypotheses that are intended to test the impact that long run relationship between contractors and developers, vertically integrated firms, and the increase of international competition could have on the construction cost increase levels were tested on a predetermined number of projects from six cities in different regions. The semi-structured survey produces inconclusive results. Long run and collaborative relationship was prevalent in small region though respondents in this region did not draw strong connection between construction cost increase levels and the kind of observed relationship. In Stockholm region, short-term relationship was mostly prevalent. Vertical integration and foreign competition impacts on construction costs were not significant in either region.

Analysis on Influence Factors and Reduction Ways of Automotive Safety Cost

The paper introduces automotive safety cost formula, which defines the concept of private costs, technology costs and social costs and analyzes the impact of economic externalities in individual purchase decisions on urban traffic safety in the private costs and discusses the concept of hard and soft technology and its function to improve vehicle safety. Take people, vehicles and the environment as the main line and points out the promoting role of the relevant state departments, policy, research institutions and transportation infrastructure in the social cost for the entire transportation system security. Finally, about the security of car crash in low speed on urban roads, the paper gives some recommendations as for private costs, technology costs and social costs factor.

铁路重点项目的经济效益研究

铁路属于现代化交通运输业发展的产物,不仅使运输速度大幅提升,并且还在一定程度上增加了经济效益,有助于地方的经济发展。铁路重点项目具有较强的特殊性,在考虑短期经济效益的基础上,还需要考虑长远社会效益,保证其可以造福地方人民,完善地方基础设施建设。需要注意的是,铁路重点项目的建设需要投入较多的金额,为了更好地运营项目,需要对影响铁路经济效益的因素进行分析。文章对铁路重点项目的投入成本与产出效益进行分析,并提出促进铁路整体经济效益提升的策略。

New Development of Port Structures Design and Construction

Some new innovative constructions and technologies for improvement of port structures are worked out and discussed. The aims of innovations are to increase structures＇ reliability, to decrease cost of construction and maintenance, to simplify technology and cost of building. For these purposes either some main bearing elements or structures in whole are modified or improved. In particular different improved waterfront constructions as well as retaining walls and coastal protection （gravity, piled, sheet piling, etc.） for use in various soil conditions are outlined. One of them incorporates trapezoidal blocks forming columns, each block in the column contacts the others either with smaller or larger bases. Another design incorporates blocks that are constructed with holes ran through the centres of gravity of the blocks. Rigid cylinder element running through the holes of several adjacent blocks allows them to be joined forming large size units, The structure consisting of wedge form retaining wall is original but simple to construct, Some new designs based on perfection of sheet-piling walls （sheet piles with curvilinear cross-section having a form of semi-rings） are proposed for different applications. Proposals on modernization of some traditional structures and technologies are discussed.

A K-Median Facility Location Agent for Low-Cost Service Selection in Digital Community Network

With the increasing number of web services, it becomes a difficult task for an ordinary user to select an appropriate service. Hence, it is conventional that users in a digital community network take part in a collaborative mechanism for the purpose of service selection. The participation usually brings unnecessary burdens for users, such as giving opinions, storing service information. Extra communication overhead hinders the performance of the network. Thus, the community administrators are facing a problem of how to obtain an overall service selection result for the whole community readily and effectively. To address this problem, we present a k-median facility location agent model. The model analyzes the procedure of service selection through five entities and six types of messages. Two algorithms are elaborated in pursuit of a global optimization concerning connection costs between users and facilities where services are deployed. To evaluate our model, we conduct extensive simulations and present a detailed analysis of the simulation results.

Fully Burdened Cost of Energy in Military Operations

This paper presents an analytical framework for evaluating the FBCE （fully burdened cost of energy） in military operations. The FBCE methodology considers all operational factors in the energy supply chain, including transportation, infrastructure, manpower, maintenance, security protection, and storage of energy. The FBCE concept allows a proper evaluation of the energy costs when assessing different alternatives in military operations and acquisitions. It could also be used to inform decisions on the size and focus of investment in science and technology programs related to the development of efficient military capabilities, alternative fuel sources, and renewable energy solutions. This paper uses cost estimation techniques to formulate the FBCE and focuses on fuel-based military systems and operations. Two case studies using Canadian Forces domestic and deployed operational bases are presented and discussed to demonstrate the methodology.

Discussion on Construction Project Cost Composition and Its Management

That budget estimate exceeds estimate, budget exceeds budget estimate, and actual budget exceeds budget usually exists in the management of construction project cost, suggesting the cost management and control of construction project are not the management and control of product cost in a general sense. In terms of construction project, cost management and control is the core of the project and is implemented throughout all stages of the project, so it is complicated system engineering. In this paper, construction project cost composition and its management measures are mainly discussed.

Service Life Prediction and Management of Concrete Bridge Structures Due to Corrosion

The increasing stocks of public infrastructure and serious deterioration of infrastructure systems due to corrosion present great financial, safety, technical and operational challenges to government organizations in charge of public infrastructure development and management. To meet those challenges, a performance-based life-cycle management model for reinforced concrete structures was proposed in this paper. This model predicts the life-cycle performance of infrastructure based on the corrosion-induced deterioration mechanism： condition index as well as performance limit states. A case study is provided to demonstrate the use of the proposed performance-based life-cycle cost management model.

Study on engineering audit based on Valuation

in the bill of quantities mode, audit department how to perform the function of supervision, control the cost of the project, to improve the infrastructure investment efficiency to have the important meaning. This article from the valuation list elements of engineering audit mode based solutions, engineering audit under BOQ valuation mode is put forward from the audit information management, engineering contract claim, audit personnel quality etc..

Present situation and improving measures of Chinese Construction Engineering Management informatization

Building engineering management is a huge and complex work, which the key to ensure the quality ofconstruction projects. With the rapid development of the domestic construction industry, the traditional engineering management model can not meet the needs of a large number of construction project information exchanges. Only realizing informationization of construction engineering management, can reduce the cost of construction projects, improve the efficiency of project management and construction progress. This paper analyzes the current situation of construction management informatization, and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the construction management information construction.

H市电动汽车充电站项目建设成本与资金需求预测分析

随着我国节能汽车技术研发的日趋成熟和市场需求量的日益增长,通过调研已经建设成的充电设施,多数处于没有利用的状况,充电站本身所具有的充电能力并没有得到很好的利用,这样会使得资源遭到极大的浪费。从电动汽车充电站项目建设经济分析中,得出目前在H市建立充电站首先要找到能够在最大限度上与本地的具体状况相吻合的修建方案,以期减少投资风险。