The shipbuilding industry in Europe is in crisis due to the recent economic recession and competition from countries with low labour costs. Greek shipyards have been forced to make a series of structural changes which...The shipbuilding industry in Europe is in crisis due to the recent economic recession and competition from countries with low labour costs. Greek shipyards have been forced to make a series of structural changes which have resulted in lower employment levels. Although these changes were gradually creating the conditions for shipyards profitably to re-enter international markets, the current economic crisis and the consequences to the shipping sector have created major problems to the shipyards employment. Perama shiprepair zone, an industrial zone mainly consisted from SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in shipbuilding and shiprepairing sector, has faced major problem for its survivability. In this article, a new approach is presented. Green offshore structures are expected to create competitive advantages in the zone and be a way to utilize available facilities and recover from the existing situation. International experience through case studies is presented followed by economic and technical feasibility for offshore windturbines construction and wave energy devices in shipyards. Finally, a general model shows that sustainable development is possible and shipyards have the adaptability and resources required tbr the production of renewable energy offshore structures.展开更多
China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural ...China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.展开更多
文摘The shipbuilding industry in Europe is in crisis due to the recent economic recession and competition from countries with low labour costs. Greek shipyards have been forced to make a series of structural changes which have resulted in lower employment levels. Although these changes were gradually creating the conditions for shipyards profitably to re-enter international markets, the current economic crisis and the consequences to the shipping sector have created major problems to the shipyards employment. Perama shiprepair zone, an industrial zone mainly consisted from SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in shipbuilding and shiprepairing sector, has faced major problem for its survivability. In this article, a new approach is presented. Green offshore structures are expected to create competitive advantages in the zone and be a way to utilize available facilities and recover from the existing situation. International experience through case studies is presented followed by economic and technical feasibility for offshore windturbines construction and wave energy devices in shipyards. Finally, a general model shows that sustainable development is possible and shipyards have the adaptability and resources required tbr the production of renewable energy offshore structures.
文摘China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.
