内部价值链视角下复杂产品变更成本预测模型

在持续进步的制造技术环境和复杂多变的市场环境下,以渐进创新为目标的复杂产品设计变更活动高频多发。为有效预测受变更传播影响的生产制造成本,提高设计变更决策的效益性和准确性,从企业内部价值链视角出发,提出基于复杂网络方法的变更成本预测模型。基于负载容量模型对变更传播进行表达,构建设计特征变更传播分析模型;采用改进的灰色关联度、关联分析方法对全局权重进行计算;基于变更传播影响下的量化设计特征值,建立基于特征映射的变更成本预测模型。最后,以G公司某型永磁同步变频冷水机组为案例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。

探讨在设计变更中如何进行成本控制

在我国的建筑工程中普遍存在一个通病，就是工程的实际使用成本往往高于预算成本。在这样的情况下，就会导致工程成本的提高影响到建筑工程整体的收益。因此，就要利用设计变更来对成本进行合理有效的控制。这样能够合理地节约成本，保证建筑工程的施工质量，进而实现对项目进行管理的最终目标。

Alteration of Crime Risk Levels and Formal Aspect of Typical LowCost Housing Design Due to Site Conditions and Building Codes

As a component of the process of rationalization, lowcost housing Institution, as well as major investiment companies, commonly reuse a typical design as a standard. The goal of this procedure is to obtain cheaper costs both in the construction and in the maintenance of an homogeneous lot of buildings. The paper shows that, nevertheless an identical design being proposed in different towns, the final results are buildings with a different aspect. This is mainly due to the influence of building codes of the urban plan of the specific town, and to the site conditions, such as street orientation, ground inclination and so on. As a result the paper offers the ability to evaluate the role of the external factors on a standard design （with the afore said scale vantages） under the criminological point of view as well. This may be considered a further vantage that aims to obtain a lower crime risk level in town design.