经济全球化与设计同化

经济全球化引发设计同化问题，对发展中国家设计中的传统文脉和文化理念是一次前所未有的挑战。如何将人文精髓合理有机地体现在现代设计之中是当代设计不可回避的问题。应该正确、客观地看待经济突变与设计文化渐变及相互关系，引进、借鉴、吸收技术文化，把握设计中的文化精脉。

儿童益智玩具的品牌包装设计与研究

该文通过探析儿童益智玩具品牌包装设计存在的问题,探讨儿童益智玩具品牌包装设计要素的内容与特殊性,从而总结出具有普遍意义的相关设计原则,以期促进儿童益智玩具品牌包装设计的进一步发展。

Hardware Optimization Technique of Full-Customized HW/SW Co-Design

The hardware optimization technique of mono similarity system generation is presented based on hardware/software(HW/SW) co design.First,the coarse structure of sub graphs' matching based on full customized HW/SW co design is put forward.Then,a universal sub graphs' combination method is discussed.Next,a more advanced vertexes' compression algorithm based on sub graphs' combination method is discussed with great emphasis.Experiments are done successfully with perfect results verifying all the formulas and the methods above.

Synergetic Optimization of Missile Shapes for Aerodynamic and Radar Cross-Section Performance Based on Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm

A multiple-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) with a new Decision Making (DM) scheme for MOD of conceptual missile shapes was presented, which is contrived to determine suitable tradeoffs from Pareto optimal set using interactive preference articulation. There are two objective functions, to maximize ratio of lift to drag and to minimize radar cross-section (RCS) value. 3D computational electromagnetic solver was used to evaluate RCS, electromagnetic performance. 3D Navier-Stokes flow solver was adopted to evaluate aerodynamic performance. A flight mechanics solver was used to analyze the stability of the missile. Based on the MOEA, a synergetic optimization of missile shapes for aerodynamic and radar cross-section performance is completed. The results show that the proposed approach can be used in more complex optimization case of flight vehicles.

A NOVEL VARIABLE-LENGTH CODE FOR ROBUST VIDEO CODING

A novel Variable-Length Code (VLC), called Alternate VLC (AVLC), is proposed in this letter, which employs two types of VLC to encode source symbols alternately. Its advantage is that it can not only stop the symbol error propagation effect, but also correct symbol insertion errors and avoid symbol deletion er-rors, so the original sequence number of symbols can be kept correctly, which is very important in video com-munication.

Optimal design of auxiliary-teeth to solve circulation current reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

A discontinuity of magnetic circuits according to the end effect is generated in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM）. Due to the unbalanced back electro-motive force （EMF） and impedance produced, unbalanced current is generated. The cireulatin8 current, which is caused by a decrease in the thrust, is generated by the unbalanced current. The optimal design of auxiliary-teeth at the end of the mover was carried out to solve the unbalance of phase by using design of experiment （DOE）, and compared with the basic model through finite element analysis （FEA）. As a result, the auxiliary-teeth model compensates for the decrease of thrust caused by the unbalanced phase. Also, this model is proven to reduce the detent force by the vibration and noise of the PMLSM and copper loss caused by the circulating current.

DESIGN OF MULTI-SERVICE SDH NETWORKS: FORMULATION AND HEURISTICS

Multi-service SDH networks support both packet- and circuit-switched traffic. Optimal design of such a network means to guarantee the circuit connections and configure a logical packet-switched topology with lowest congestion. This letter first formulates the problem as a mixed integer linear programming, which achieves optimal solution but has high computation. Then a heuristic algorithm is proposed to yield near-optimal solution efficiently. Performance of the algorithm is verified by an example.

Optimal design of FRMSM to decrease detent force

An optimal configuration of the flux-reversal linear synchronous motor (FRLSM) with the optimal number of attachment permanent magnets (PMs) was presented. The optimal model of 2 000 N was designed to reduce the detent force by redesigning the air-gap structure and skewing. The design parameters,mover PMs and stator core,were selected for optimal design by DOE. The thrust and the detent force of the designed optimal models were compared by finite element analysis (FEA). As a result,the thrust of the optimal model is slightly decreased by 1.97% compared with the basic model,and the detent force of the optimal model is greatly decreased by 88.47% compared with the basic model.

Design Criteria for Crosswalk Width and Position at Signalized Intersections

Existing optimization methodologies for intersection operations assumes a fixed geometric design, however the geometry and operational system should be simultaneously optimized to produce the best performance. Signalized crosswalks are complex and critical pedestrian facilities. Their geometry and configuration directly affect the safety, cycle length and resulting delays for all users. As crosswalks become wider or they are placed further upstream, the cycle length will increase due to the all-red time requirement, which deteriorates the overall mobility levels of signalized intersections. In contrast, when crosswalk width decreases, the required minimum pedestrian crossing time increases due to the bi-directional pedestrian flow effects, which leads to longer cycle length. Furthermore, existing manuals and guidelines do not offer any specification for the required crosswalk width under various pedestrian demand conditions. This study aims to propose new criteria for designing crosswalk width at signalized intersections, which can optimize the performance from the viewpoint of vehicular traffic and pedestrians. The proposed methodology considers pedestrian demand and its characteristics （such as bi-directional flow effects）, vehicle demand and the geometric characteristics of the intersection The concept of optimized crosswalk width is proposed and demonstrated through a case study. Moreover, a comprehensive discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of existing strategies on positioning crosswalks is presented. It was found that at signalized intersections, which are characterized by low pedestrian and high vehicle demands, crosswalk width of 2 meters is appropriate to minimize cycle length and resulting delays for all users including pedestrians.

Multidiscipline collaborative optimization of differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels

Based on the multidiscipline design optimization theory, a multidiscipline collaborative optimization model of the differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels is built, with the steering economy as the main system and the steering road feel, the steering flexibility and the mechanic character of the steering sensors as the subsystems. Considering the coupled relationship of each discipline, the main system is optimized by the multi-island algorithm and the subsystems are optimized by the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The simulation results show that the steering economy can be optimized by the collaborative optimization, and that the system can get good steering road feel, good steering flexibility and good mechanic character of the steering sensors.

Optimization design and analysis of Si-^(63)Ni betavoltaic battery

Among the various micro-powers being investigated, betavoltaic batteries are very attractive for numerous applications because of their advantages of high energy density, long life, strong anti-interference, and so on. Based on the basic principle of the betavoltaic effect, the current paper adopted the Monte Carlo N-Particle code to simulate the transport processes of β particles in semiconductor materials and to establish the calculation formulas for nuclear radiation-generated current, open circuit voltage, and so on. By discussing the effect of minority carrier diffusion length, doping concentration, and junction depth on the property of batteries, the present work concluded that the best parameters for batteries are the use of silicon and the radioisotope Ni-63, i.e., Ni-63 with a mass thickness of 1 mg/cm2, Na=1×1019 cm-3, Nd=3.16×1016 cm-3, junction area of 1 cm2, junction depth of 0.3 μm, and so on. Under these parameters the short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, output power, and conversion efficiency are 573.3 nA, 0.253 V, 99.85 nW, and 4.94%, respectively. Such parameters are valuable for micro-power fields, such as micro-electromechanical systems and pacemakers, among others.

Investigation of Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring in a Compressor Cascade

The current paper presents experimental and computational results to assess the effectiveness of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring in a compressor linear cascade. The endwaU was designed by an endwall design optimi- zation platform at 0° incidence （design condition）. The optimization method is based on a genetic algorithm. The design objective was to minimize the total pressure losses. The experiments were carried out in a compressor cascade at a low-speed test facility with a Mach number of 0.15. Four nominal inlet flow angles were chosen to test the performance of non-axisymmetric Contoured Endwall （CEW）. A five-hole pressure probe with a head diameter of 2 mm was used to traverse the downstream flow fields of the flat-endwall （FEW） and CEW cascades. Both the measured and predicted results indicated that the implementation of CEW results in smaller comer stall, and reduction of total pressure losses. The CEW gets 15.6% total pressure loss coefficient reduction at design condition, and 22.6% at off-design condition （＋7° incidence）. And the mechanism of the improvement of CEW based on both measured and calculated results is that the adverse pressure gradient （APG） has been reduced through the groove configuration near the leading edge （LE） of the suction surface （SS）.