In this paper, we report on an analytical solution for beam-type skewed highway bridges subjected to truck loading. To confirm the analysis derivation and the solution obtained, the moment and shear responses to the d...In this paper, we report on an analytical solution for beam-type skewed highway bridges subjected to truck loading. To confirm the analysis derivation and the solution obtained, the moment and shear responses to the design truck load are acquired using the analytical method for a number of typical US highway bridges and compared with those from numerical finite element method （FEM） analysis. In addition, the lateral distribution factors for moment and shear used in routine design are investigated based on comparison of the analytical approach and FEM. The analytical solution is shown in good agreement with the FEM result. Furthermore, the relevant provisions in the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials＇ （AASHTO＇s） LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are also discussed here for comparison, particularly with respect to design application. It is observed that the design code specified load distribution factor may not predict well, especially for shear and/or severe skew.展开更多
China's newly enacted Breakwater Design Specifications(JTS154-2011) explicitly state that breakwaters with water depths greater than 20 m are categorized as deep-water breakwaters, and emphasize that design princi...China's newly enacted Breakwater Design Specifications(JTS154-2011) explicitly state that breakwaters with water depths greater than 20 m are categorized as deep-water breakwaters, and emphasize that design principles, methods and construction requirements are different from those of common shallow water breakwaters. However, the specifications do not make any mention of how to choose wave force calculation methods of deep-water breakwaters. To study the feasibility of different formulae for wave force estimation of deep water combined breakwaters, the wave force calculated by the Sainflou's, Goda's, modified Goda's and specifications' methods are compared for various water depths and wave heights in this paper. The calculated results are also compared with experimental data. The total horizontal forcing and the pattern of pressure distributions are presented. Comparisons show that the wave pressure distributions by the four methods are similar, but the total horizontal forces are different. The results obtained by the Goda's method and the specified formulae are much closer to the experimental data. As for the wave force estimation for the deepwater mixed embankment foundation bed parapet, the Goda's formula is applied in the case with a water depth of less than 42 m. The Specifications method is suitable for standing waves. In the wave force estimates of breastworks, Sainflou's and the modified Gaoda's formulae are no longer applicable for the foundation bed of mixed embankment.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we report on an analytical solution for beam-type skewed highway bridges subjected to truck loading. To confirm the analysis derivation and the solution obtained, the moment and shear responses to the design truck load are acquired using the analytical method for a number of typical US highway bridges and compared with those from numerical finite element method （FEM） analysis. In addition, the lateral distribution factors for moment and shear used in routine design are investigated based on comparison of the analytical approach and FEM. The analytical solution is shown in good agreement with the FEM result. Furthermore, the relevant provisions in the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials＇ （AASHTO＇s） LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are also discussed here for comparison, particularly with respect to design application. It is observed that the design code specified load distribution factor may not predict well, especially for shear and/or severe skew.
基金supported by the Shandong Sci-tech Development Plan(Item No.2008GGB01099)
文摘China's newly enacted Breakwater Design Specifications(JTS154-2011) explicitly state that breakwaters with water depths greater than 20 m are categorized as deep-water breakwaters, and emphasize that design principles, methods and construction requirements are different from those of common shallow water breakwaters. However, the specifications do not make any mention of how to choose wave force calculation methods of deep-water breakwaters. To study the feasibility of different formulae for wave force estimation of deep water combined breakwaters, the wave force calculated by the Sainflou's, Goda's, modified Goda's and specifications' methods are compared for various water depths and wave heights in this paper. The calculated results are also compared with experimental data. The total horizontal forcing and the pattern of pressure distributions are presented. Comparisons show that the wave pressure distributions by the four methods are similar, but the total horizontal forces are different. The results obtained by the Goda's method and the specified formulae are much closer to the experimental data. As for the wave force estimation for the deepwater mixed embankment foundation bed parapet, the Goda's formula is applied in the case with a water depth of less than 42 m. The Specifications method is suitable for standing waves. In the wave force estimates of breastworks, Sainflou's and the modified Gaoda's formulae are no longer applicable for the foundation bed of mixed embankment.
