More than two decades ago, object-oriented representation of AEC （architecture engineering and construction） projects started to offer the promise of seamless communication of semantic data models between computer-b...More than two decades ago, object-oriented representation of AEC （architecture engineering and construction） projects started to offer the promise of seamless communication of semantic data models between computer-based systems used from the design stage to the operation of the facilities. BIM （building information modelling） emerged and appeared as a means to store all relevant data generated during the life-cycle of the facilities. But this upstream view of the built environment, arising from the design and construction stages, extended to the downstream operations where building and industrial facilities appeared more and more as huge dynamic data producers and concentrators while being operated. This created new challenges leading to what is referred to as ISCs （intelligent and smart constructions）. The current state of the art is that final constructions still contain various and increasingly versatile control and service systems, which are hardly standardised, and not interconnected among themselves. Monitoring, maintenance and services are done by specialised companies, each responsible of different systems, which are relying on customised software and techniques to meet specific user needs and are based on monolithic applications that require manual configuration for specific uses, maintenance and support. We demonstrate in this paper that the early promises of integration across the actors and along the life-time of facilities have gone a long way but will only be delivered through enhanced standardisation of computerized models, representations, services and operations still not yet fully accomplished 25 years after work started.展开更多
Accomodation of power system constraints with the market mechanism is encountered as a major challenge along the way toward implementation of different electricity market designs. Allocation of fixe or flow-dependent ...Accomodation of power system constraints with the market mechanism is encountered as a major challenge along the way toward implementation of different electricity market designs. Allocation of fixe or flow-dependent inter-zone trading capacities by the PX （power exchange） can not be accepted unreservedly. The paper is meant to show that a nodal electricity market design that is based on bids for local energy and a regulated transmission access including allocation of ＂entry-exit＂ transmission capacity would be the desired solution. The market players could easily optimize their portfolio while the TSOs （transmission system operators） are requested to mobilize the network＇s in-built flexibility to increase the cross zonal capacity. In the proposed market design, the PX＇s allocation of trading capacity is clearly separate from the TSO＇s management of the power system operational constraint5. Clear operator roles would enlarge access to electricity market as well as market integration of variable RESs （renewable energy sources） that are critically dependent on short notice access to regionat markets,展开更多
The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient larg...The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those problems.After the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies,this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage(NFCAES)system,including system design,modeling and efficiency assessment,as well as protection and control.Especially,the design principles of the multistage regenerative,i.e.heat recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided,so as the overall system efficiency evaluation method.This paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas,heat,power,electricity and other forms of energy.On this basis,a 500-k W physical simulation system of CAES system(TICC-500,Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES)is built,which passed a system-wide 420-k W load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon emissions.Besides,the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified,especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power generation.Finally,the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.展开更多
文摘More than two decades ago, object-oriented representation of AEC （architecture engineering and construction） projects started to offer the promise of seamless communication of semantic data models between computer-based systems used from the design stage to the operation of the facilities. BIM （building information modelling） emerged and appeared as a means to store all relevant data generated during the life-cycle of the facilities. But this upstream view of the built environment, arising from the design and construction stages, extended to the downstream operations where building and industrial facilities appeared more and more as huge dynamic data producers and concentrators while being operated. This created new challenges leading to what is referred to as ISCs （intelligent and smart constructions）. The current state of the art is that final constructions still contain various and increasingly versatile control and service systems, which are hardly standardised, and not interconnected among themselves. Monitoring, maintenance and services are done by specialised companies, each responsible of different systems, which are relying on customised software and techniques to meet specific user needs and are based on monolithic applications that require manual configuration for specific uses, maintenance and support. We demonstrate in this paper that the early promises of integration across the actors and along the life-time of facilities have gone a long way but will only be delivered through enhanced standardisation of computerized models, representations, services and operations still not yet fully accomplished 25 years after work started.
文摘Accomodation of power system constraints with the market mechanism is encountered as a major challenge along the way toward implementation of different electricity market designs. Allocation of fixe or flow-dependent inter-zone trading capacities by the PX （power exchange） can not be accepted unreservedly. The paper is meant to show that a nodal electricity market design that is based on bids for local energy and a regulated transmission access including allocation of ＂entry-exit＂ transmission capacity would be the desired solution. The market players could easily optimize their portfolio while the TSOs （transmission system operators） are requested to mobilize the network＇s in-built flexibility to increase the cross zonal capacity. In the proposed market design, the PX＇s allocation of trading capacity is clearly separate from the TSO＇s management of the power system operational constraint5. Clear operator roles would enlarge access to electricity market as well as market integration of variable RESs （renewable energy sources） that are critically dependent on short notice access to regionat markets,
基金Science and Technology Fund of SGCC(Grant No.KJ-2012-627)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51321005)
文摘The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those problems.After the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies,this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage(NFCAES)system,including system design,modeling and efficiency assessment,as well as protection and control.Especially,the design principles of the multistage regenerative,i.e.heat recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided,so as the overall system efficiency evaluation method.This paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas,heat,power,electricity and other forms of energy.On this basis,a 500-k W physical simulation system of CAES system(TICC-500,Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES)is built,which passed a system-wide 420-k W load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon emissions.Besides,the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified,especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power generation.Finally,the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.
