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Demand analysis of an intelligent medication administration system for older adults with chronic diseases based on the Kano model 被引量:6
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作者 Jiayi Mao Liling Xie +4 位作者 Qinghua Zhao Mingzhao Xiao Shuting Tu Wenjing Sun Tingting Zhou 《International Journal of Nursing Sciences》 CSCD 2022年第1期63-70,I0004,共9页
Objectives Gerontechnology has great potential in promoting older adults’well-being.With the accelerated aging process,gerontechnology has a promising market prospect.However,most technological developers and healthc... Objectives Gerontechnology has great potential in promoting older adults’well-being.With the accelerated aging process,gerontechnology has a promising market prospect.However,most technological developers and healthcare professionals attached importance to products’effectiveness,and ignored older adults’demands and user experience,which reduced older adults'adoption intention of gerontechnology use.The inclusion of older adults in the design process of technologies is essential to maximize the effect.This study explored older adults’demands for a self-developed intelligent medication administration system and proposed optimization schemes,thus providing reference to developing geriatric-friendly technologies and products.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore older adults’technological demands for the self-developed intelligent medication administration system,and data were analyzed based on the Kano model.A self-made questionnaire was administered from July 2020 to October 2020 after participants used this system for two weeks.The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000040644).Results A total of 354 older adults participated in the survey.Four items,namely larger font size,simpler operation process,scheduled medication reminders and reliable hardware,were classified as must-be attributes;three items,namely searching drug instructions through WeChat,more sensitive system and longer battery life,as attractive attributes;one item,viewing disease-related information through WeChat,as the one-dimensional attribute;and the rest were indifferent attributes,including simple and beautiful displays,blocking advertisements automatically,providing user privacy protection protocol,viewing personal medical information only by logged-in users,recording all the medications,ordering medications through WeChat.The satisfaction values were between 0.24 and 0.69,and dissatisfaction values were between 0.06 and 0.94.Conclusion This study suggested that older adults had personalized technology demands.Including their technological demands and desire may assist in decreasing the digital divide and promoting the satisfaction of e-health and/or m-health.Based on older adults’demands,our study proposed optimization schemes of the intelligent medication administration system,which may help developers design geriatric-friendly intelligent products and nurses to perform older adults-centered and efficient medication management. 展开更多
关键词 Aged COMMUNICATION Data collection Electronic medication device Medication therapy management Mobile applications Needs assessment Personal satisfaction
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User Identification Based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making in Social Networks 被引量:4
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作者 叶娜 张银亮 +3 位作者 董丽丽 边根庆 Enjie LIU Gordon J.Clapworthy 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第12期37-49,共13页
Social networks are becoming increasingly popular and influential,and users are frequently registered on multiple networks simultaneously,in many cases leaving large quantities of personal information on each network.... Social networks are becoming increasingly popular and influential,and users are frequently registered on multiple networks simultaneously,in many cases leaving large quantities of personal information on each network.There is also a trend towards the personalization of web applications;to do this,the applications need to acquire information about the particular user.To maximise the use of the various sets of user information distributed on the web,this paper proposes a method to support the reuse and sharing of user profiles by different applications,and is based on user profile integration.To realize this goal,the initial task is user identification,and this forms the focus of the current paper.A new user identification method based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making(MADM) is described in which a subjective weight-directed objective weighting,which is obtained from the Similarity Weight method,is proposed to determine the relative weights of the common properties.Attribute Synthetic Evaluation is used to determine the equivalence of users.Experimental results show that the method is both feasible and effective despite the incompleteness of the candidate user dataset. 展开更多
关键词 weighted algorithm fuzzy match-ing cooperative communication network con-vergence heterogeneous networks
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A theoretical model for the estimation of maximum impact force from a rockfall based on contact theory 被引量:6
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作者 ZHANG Shi-lin YANG Xing-guo ZHOU Jia-wen 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第2期430-443,共14页
Rockfall poses a great threat to buildings and personal security. To understand the dynamic characteristics of rockfalls is a prerequisite for disaster prevention and assessment. Models for rockfalls in different form... Rockfall poses a great threat to buildings and personal security. To understand the dynamic characteristics of rockfalls is a prerequisite for disaster prevention and assessment. Models for rockfalls in different forms are established based on the theory of rigid body motion. The equivalent velocity considering the rotational effect is determined by the energy ratio. Besides, considering plastic deformation and nonlinear hardening, the maximum impact force is estimated based on the Hertz contact theory. Then, a case study is carried out to illustrate the applicability of the model and sensitive analyses on some affecting parameters are also made. Calculation results show that the maximum impact force increases with the increasing of incident velocity, angle and slope gradient reflected by the changing of energy ratio. Moreover, the model for the estimation of maximum impact force is validated by two different scales of experiments and compared with other theoretical models. Simulated maximum impact forces agree well with the experiments. 展开更多
关键词 RockfaU Motion characteristics Contacttheory Maximum impact force
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Iraqi Personality in Light of Ali Al-Wardi's Works: A Critical Review
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作者 Hamied G. M. Al-Hashimi 《Sociology Study》 2017年第1期1-6,共6页
This paper sheds light on the Iraqi personality in light of writings of the Iraqi eminent sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and gives a critical review to his main findings and hypotheses. Al-Wardi was the main person who ... This paper sheds light on the Iraqi personality in light of writings of the Iraqi eminent sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and gives a critical review to his main findings and hypotheses. Al-Wardi was the main person who established the first department of sociology in Iraq and the spiritual father or the real father of sociology in the country. He wrote prestigious works about the Iraqi society including some hypotheses focusing on the Iraqi personality, such as the dual personality and social dissonance. These findings and hypotheses are not above criticism of course. The method we depend on here is the content analysis methodology. The paper consists of seven parts; part one is the introduction which includes a short glimpse on the subject and A1-Wardi's methodology. Part two deals with Al-Wardi and studying Iraqi personality. Part three, discusses the dual personality, and part four, the social dissonance. Part five, exposures tackling the problem where Al-Wardi suggests some points. Part six deals with the discussion. Finally, there is a conclusion under the part seven. 展开更多
关键词 lraq personality Ali Al-Wardi dual personality social inconsistency tribal values
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Evaluation of the individual allocation scheme and its impacts in a dynamic global vegetation model 被引量:1
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作者 SONG Xiang ZENG Xiao-Dong LI Fang 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2016年第1期38-44,共7页
The strategies of plant growth play an important role not only in ecosystem structure,but also in global carbon and water cycles.In this work,the individual carbon allocation scheme of tree PFTs and its impacts were e... The strategies of plant growth play an important role not only in ecosystem structure,but also in global carbon and water cycles.In this work,the individual carbon allocation scheme of tree PFTs and its impacts were evaluated in China with Institute of Atmospheric Physics-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model,version 1.0(IAP-DGVM1.0)as a test-bed.The results showed that,as individual growth,the current scheme tended to allocate an increasing proportion of annual net primary productivity(NPP)to sapwood and decreasing proportions to leaf and root accordingly,which led to underestimated individual leaf biomass and overestimated individual stem biomass.Such biases resulted in an overestimation of total ecosystem biomass and recovery time of mature forests,and an underestimation of ecosystem NPP and tree leaf area index in China. 展开更多
关键词 IAP-DGVM 1.0 individual allocation scheme BIOMASS carbon residence time China
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The Credibility Estimators under MLINEX Loss Function
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作者 ZHANG Qiang CUI Qian-qian CHEN Ping 《Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics》 2018年第1期43-50,共8页
In this paper, MLINEX loss function was considered to solve the problem of high premium in credibility models. The Bayes premium and credibility premium were obtained under MLINEX loss function by using a symmetric qu... In this paper, MLINEX loss function was considered to solve the problem of high premium in credibility models. The Bayes premium and credibility premium were obtained under MLINEX loss function by using a symmetric quadratic loss function. A credibility model with multiple contracts was established and the corresponding credibility estimator was derived under MLINEX loss function. For this model the estimations of the structure parameters and a numerical example were also given. 展开更多
关键词 MLINEX loss function Bayes premium Credibility estimator Multiple contracts
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A new method of AHP applied to personal credit evaluation
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作者 姜明辉 熊琦 曹静 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2006年第2期211-214,共4页
This paper presents a new negative judgment matrix that combines the advantages of the reciprocal judgment matrix and the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix, and then puts forth the properties of this new matrix. In ... This paper presents a new negative judgment matrix that combines the advantages of the reciprocal judgment matrix and the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix, and then puts forth the properties of this new matrix. In view of these properties, this paper derives a clear sequencing formula for the new negative judgment matrix, which improves the sequencing principle of AHP. Finally, this new method is applied to personal credit evaluation to show its advantages of conciseness and swiftness. 展开更多
关键词 negative judgment matrix sequencing formula personal credit evaluation
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Effects of personal heating on thermal comfort:A review 被引量:1
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作者 TIAN Xiao-yu LIU Wei-wei +2 位作者 LIU Jia-wei YU Bo ZHANG Jian 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第7期2279-2300,共22页
Personal conditioning system(PCS)is receiving considerable attention due to its energy-saving potential and the ability to satisfy individual comfort requirements.As a part of PCS,personal heating systems can maintain... Personal conditioning system(PCS)is receiving considerable attention due to its energy-saving potential and the ability to satisfy individual comfort requirements.As a part of PCS,personal heating systems can maintain human thermal comfort in cold environments,which leads to their potential role of important heating mode in cold winter,especially in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter regions of China.In order to better promote the development and application of personal heating systems,this paper reviews the published studies.Personal heating systems can be divided into four types based on the mode of heat transfer:conductive,convective,radiative and combinative type.Characteristics of each category and respective devices are introduced.Furthermore,identifying the effects of personal heating on thermal comfort and the models for predicting or evaluating thermal comfort during local heating.This paper would provide users with a guideline for choosing suitable heating equipment during winter. 展开更多
关键词 personal conditioning system personal heating thermal comfort evaluation models built environment
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Language Learner Motivation Related Theoretical Framework
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作者 SONG Haiping 《International English Education Research》 2016年第1期80-81,共2页
Interest in studying individual differences (IDs) is driven by a trend characteristic of educational psychology in general and of second language acquisition (SLA) research in particular. Language learning motivat... Interest in studying individual differences (IDs) is driven by a trend characteristic of educational psychology in general and of second language acquisition (SLA) research in particular. Language learning motivation and self-determination theory (SDT) and an SDT-sub theory framework termed cognitive evaluation theory (CET) are reviewed in this article. 展开更多
关键词 individual differences (IDs): second language acquisition (SLA): self-determination theory (SDT) cognitive evaluationtheory (CET)
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CHC-TSCM:A Trustworthy Service Composition Method Based on an Improved CHC Genetic Algorithm
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作者 曹步清 刘建勋 +3 位作者 Xiaoqing(Frank) LIU 李兵 周栋 康国胜 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第12期77-91,共15页
Trustworthy service composition is an extremely important task when service composition becomes infeasible or even fails in an environment which is open,autonomic,uncertain and deceptive.This paper presents a trustwor... Trustworthy service composition is an extremely important task when service composition becomes infeasible or even fails in an environment which is open,autonomic,uncertain and deceptive.This paper presents a trustworthy service composition method based on an improved Cross generation elitist selection,Heterogeneous recombination,Catacly-smic mutation(CHC) Trustworthy Service Composition Method(CHC-TSCM) genetic algorithm.CHCTSCM firstly obtains the total trust degree of the individual service using a trust degree measurement and evaluation model proposed in previous research.Trust combination and computation then are performed according to the structural relation of the composite service.Finally,the optimal trustworthy service composition is acquired by the improved CHC genetic algorithm.Experimental results show that CHC-TSCM can effectively solve the trustworthy service composition problem.Comparing with GODSS and TOCSS,this new method has several advantages:1) a higher service composition successrate;2) a smaller decline trend of the service composition success-rate,and 3) enhanced stability. 展开更多
关键词 QoS service trust model CHC gen-etic algorithm trustworthy service composition
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Evaluation of 1-kW Class PEM Fuel Cell Stack under In-Situ Conditions Considering Individual Cells 被引量:1
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作者 Keiichi Okajima Takumi Nasu Seunghyuk Choi 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第9期1543-1551,共9页
Focusing on the stack performance is important for practical use of PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells. This paper describes the experiments and evaluation on the performance of 1-kW class PEM FC (fuel cell... Focusing on the stack performance is important for practical use of PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells. This paper describes the experiments and evaluation on the performance of 1-kW class PEM FC (fuel cell) stacks for reliability improvement. We investigated the stack performance, voltage distributions, and internal resistance of the single cells of a PEMFC stack. The standard deviation of individual cell voltages increased almost linearly with the current load by 2.5 times that in the case of an open-circuit voltage, with a standard deviation of 33 A. From the results of the current-interrupt tests, the internal resistance of the FC stack was calculated to be 43.53 mΩ. The internal resistances of each individual cell were not uniform. The average internal resistance was 0.505 mΩ at 18 A, which was less than that calculated from the stack current-interrupt test. We also investigated the current distribution in the PEM FC stack under in-situ conditions using a triaxial magnetic sensor probe. From the results, the current distribution tended to concentrate on the underside of the cell. Each I-V curve at the divided plane can be obtained using the developed method. 展开更多
关键词 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell PEM STACK current distribution magnetic field magnetic sensor probe diagnostics.
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Public Building Supervisors' Assessment of Site Progress Record Keeping Practices in Abuja, Nigeria
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作者 Ikemefuna Mbamali Eyitene Aina Nesiama Ibrahim Khalilullahi Zubairu 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第3期379-384,共6页
The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is wi... The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire (which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice) was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents (minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries) found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating (i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8). Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are: control of ongoing work (R11 = 0.83) data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement (each with RII = 0.823). Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are: continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices. 展开更多
关键词 Site progress record - keeping site record practices in Abuja public building supervisors.
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Research on the Relationship of Cross-Cultural Context and English Teaching from the Perspective of the Development of Linguistics and Pedagogy: A Theoretical Review
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作者 Tingting Zhang 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第11期4-6,共3页
In this paper, we conduct theoretical review on the relationship of cross-cultural context and the English teaching from the perspective of the development of linguistics and pedagogy. To learn a foreign language is m... In this paper, we conduct theoretical review on the relationship of cross-cultural context and the English teaching from the perspective of the development of linguistics and pedagogy. To learn a foreign language is mainly used for the purpose of intercultural communication and successful communication depends on not only good language structure knowledge depends on understanding and grasp of the cultural context in communication. Diversified teaching mode should be designed according to different teaching goal. Teachers should according to the actual circumstance of various other class teaching, planning and design to reflect the personalized teaching. The words carry each other' s national culture information and reflect the national mentality of the humanities, represent the cultural background of different languages which have distinct and unique ethnic characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 Cross-Cultural Context English Teaching Linguistics and Pedagogy Review.
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The gas discharge visualization(GDV)order parameter model based on the principle of mastering both permanence and change
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作者 XIN Yu ZHANG Lei +3 位作者 ZHAO Qiancheng SHE Yurong SHE Zhensu SONG Shuna 《Digital Chinese Medicine》 CAS 2024年第3期231-240,共10页
Objective To investigate the human body’s complex system,and classify and characterize the human body’s health states with“a comprehensive integrated method from qualitative to quantitative”.Methods This paper int... Objective To investigate the human body’s complex system,and classify and characterize the human body’s health states with“a comprehensive integrated method from qualitative to quantitative”.Methods This paper introduces the concept of“order parameters”and proposes a method for establishing an order parameter model of gas discharge visualization(GDV)based on the principle of“mastering both permanence and change(MBPC)”.The method involved the fol-lowing three steps.First,average luminous intensity(I)and average area(S)of the GDV im-ages were calculated to construct the phase space,and the score of the health questionnaire was calculated as the health deviation index(H).Second,the k-means++clustering method was employed to identify subclasses with the same health characteristics based on the data samples,and to statistically determine the symptom-specific frequencies of the subclasses.Third,the distance(d)between each sample and the“ideal health state”,which determined in the phase space of each subclass,was calculated as an order parameter describing the health imbalance,and a linear mapping was established between the d and the H.Further,the health implications of GDV signals were explored by analyzing subclass symptom profiles.We also compare the mean square error(MSE)with classification methods based on age,gen-der,and body mass index(BMI)indices to verify that the phase space possesses the ability to portray the health status of the human body.Results This study preliminarily tested the reliability of the order parameter model on data samples provided by 20 participants.Based on the discovered linear law,the current model can use d calculated by measuring the GDV signal to predict H(R^(2)>0.77).Combined with the symptom profiles of the subclasses,we explain the classification basis of the phase space based on the pattern identification.Compared with common classification methods based on age,gender,BMI,etc.,the MSE of phase space-based classification was reduced by an order of magnitude.Conclusion In this study,the GDV order parameter model based on MBPC can identify sub-classes and characterize individual health levels,and explore the TCM health meanings of the GDV signals by using subjective-objective methods,which holds significance for establishing mathematical models from TCM diagnosis principles to interpret human body signals. 展开更多
关键词 Gas discharge visualization(GDV) Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Order parameters Math-physical model Individualized health assessment
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漫谈法国建筑教育改革——巴黎美丽城(BELLEVILLE)国家高等建筑学院 被引量:1
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作者 张梁 《中国建筑教育》 2009年第1期88-89,共2页
大凡来法国留学建筑的学生,回国都会带上五花八门的文凭,什么DPLG,CEAA,DPEA,DESS,DEA,DOCTORAT,DSA,DAE,……等等,不一而足.有的还同时带回好几个.学建筑与规划的在法国有这么多品种不一的文凭,不像中国,或者英美国家,学士,硕士和博士... 大凡来法国留学建筑的学生,回国都会带上五花八门的文凭,什么DPLG,CEAA,DPEA,DESS,DEA,DOCTORAT,DSA,DAE,……等等,不一而足.有的还同时带回好几个.学建筑与规划的在法国有这么多品种不一的文凭,不像中国,或者英美国家,学士,硕士和博士只三个等级,印在名片上,人家就知道你的学历.虽然不能完全代表你的学力,但在论资排辈的时候,也可评个高下之分.一个人的文凭是否真正代表这人的实际能力和水平,这个话题,大家都知道,勿庸笔者赘言.然而。 展开更多
关键词 文凭 国家 评个 代表 学力 法国 建筑
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Two examples of using physical mechanics approach to evaluate colloidal stability 被引量:2
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作者 SUN ZhiWei XU ShengHua 《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第6期933-939,共7页
Since Mr.Tsien brought up his idea of physical mechanics,as a new field in engineering science,to public attention in the early 50's of the 20th century,innumerable application examples of physical mechanics appro... Since Mr.Tsien brought up his idea of physical mechanics,as a new field in engineering science,to public attention in the early 50's of the 20th century,innumerable application examples of physical mechanics approach in diverse fields have manifested its strong vitality increasingly.One of important aspects in applications of physical mechanics is to appropriately choose the microscopic quantity for the system in consideration and build a bridge to connect its relevant microscopic information to its desired macroscopic properties.We present two unique cases of using the physical mechanics approach to study colloidal stability.In the first case we measured the outcomes from artificially induced collisions at individual particle levels,by means of directly observing artificially induced collisions with the aid of optical tweezers.In the second case,by using T-matrix method,the microscopic quantity extinction cross section of the doublet can be accurately evaluated and therefore the measurement range and accuracy of the turbidity methodology for determining the CRC are greatly improved. 展开更多
关键词 physical mechanics colloidal stability colloidal aggregation
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Size- and age-dependent increases in tree stem carbon concentration: implications for forest carbon stock estimations 被引量:3
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作者 Su-Hui Ma Anwar Eziz +5 位作者 Di Tian Zheng-Bing Yan Qiong Cai Min-Wei Jiang Cheng-Jun Ji Jing-Yun Fang 《Journal of Plant Ecology》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第2期233-240,共8页
Aims Forest biomass carbon(C)stocks are usually estimated by multiplying biomass by a C conversion factor,i.e.C concentration.Thus,tree C concentration is crucial to the assessments of forest C cycles.As stems contrib... Aims Forest biomass carbon(C)stocks are usually estimated by multiplying biomass by a C conversion factor,i.e.C concentration.Thus,tree C concentration is crucial to the assessments of forest C cycles.As stems contribute to the large fraction of tree biomass,the canonical value of 50%or other simplified values of stem C concentration are widely used to represent the values of tree C concentration in the estimations of forest C stocks at different scales.However,C concentration variations between tree organs and within tree size and their impacts on forest C stocks are still unclear.Methods We conducted a global analysis of organ C concentration in age-specific trees based on 576 records of tree age,size(diameter at breast height and biomass)and C concentration data to evaluate the relationships between organ C concentrations and the changes of stem C concentration with tree age and size.Important Findings Tree C concentration varied significantly with organs.Stem C concentration of trees was significantly correlated with that of other tree organs,except for barks and reproductive organs.The stem C concentration increased significantly with tree size and age,which contributed to the increases in C contents of stems and trees.Using the C concentration in stems to represent the C concentrations of other organs and the whole tree could produce considerable errors in the estimations of forest C stocks(−8.6%to 25.6%and−2.5%to 5.9%,respectively).Our findings suggest that tree C accumulation in forests is related to the size-and age-dependent increases in stem C concentration and using specific C concentration values of tree organs can improve the estimations of forest C stocks. 展开更多
关键词 tree organs carbon concentration forest carbon accounting tree size tree age
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Safety of Individual Medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) Based upon Assessment of Therapeutic Effects of Guo's Therapy Against Moderate Fluorosis of Bone 被引量:4
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作者 孔焕宇 周卫 +5 位作者 郭培华 桑志成 吴冠男 陈燕军 张兆杰 王惠明 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第4期297-302,共6页
Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moder... Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moderate fluorosis of bone were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=60) and a control group (n=54) between December 2007 and August 2009 by using the block randomized method and a central random system. At the same time of basic treatment, the patients in the treatment group were orally administrated with Guo's Ma Qian Decoction. The initial dose of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) was 0.4 g and increased by 0.05 g every two days, with the doses of other drugs unchanged, until the patient had "nux vomica response". For the patients with no "nux vomica response", the dosage was continued to increase and the maximum dosage was not more than 1.2 g/day. The control group was treated with decoction placebo. The changes of strychnine and brucine contents before and after processing and after decoction of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which were controlled within ranges stipulated in the Pharmacopeia; Adverse events were analyzed; Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined. Results: 1) Strychnine (2.125%) and brucine (1.425%) contents before processing of Ma Qian Zi and 1.88% and 1.31% after processing all conformed with the standards of strychnine (1.2-2.2%) and brucine (no less than 0.8%) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. When the maximum dosage of Ma Qian Zi was 1.2 g/day, strychnine in the decoction was 11.17 mg and brucine was 7.44 mg, which all conformed with the maximum limited amount (strychnine 13.32 and brucine no less than 4.8 mg) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. 2) Eight cases had "nux vomica response" in the treatment group and one case in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). 3) Altogether 18 cases had adverse events, with an incidence rate of 15.38% (8 cases) in the treatment group and 18.52% (10 cases) in the control group, with no difference between the two groups (P>0.05); Among them, 10 cases (8.77%) with the adverse event were not related with therapeutic drugs, with an incidence rate of 6.67% (4 cases) in the treatment and 11.11% (6 cases) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Seven cases had suspicious relative adverse events, the risk in the treatment group was 0.658 times of the control group, with no significant difference (P>0.05), and one case had the toxic reaction of nux-vomica seed. 4) Strychnine and brucine were unable to be detected in the blood in all points of time in the 10 cases who had taken the drugs, indicating that plasma strychnine and brucine contents were lower than the minimum detectable amount (10 ng), and accumulation of strychnine and brucine were not found in blood of the patient during and after administration for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) in the Guo's therapy has a better safety. 展开更多
关键词 safety Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) Guo's Ma Qian Decoction Guo's therapy individual medication
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AGGREGATION OF FUZZY OPINIONS UNDER GROUP DECISION-MAKING BASED ON SIMILARITY AND DISTANCE
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作者 Chengguo LU Jibin LAN Zhongxing WANG 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2006年第1期63-71,共9页
In this article, a new method for aggregating fuzzy individual opinions into a group consensus opinion is proposed. To obtain the aggregation weights of each individual opinion, a consistency index of each expert with... In this article, a new method for aggregating fuzzy individual opinions into a group consensus opinion is proposed. To obtain the aggregation weights of each individual opinion, a consistency index of each expert with the other experts is introduced based on similarity and distance. The importance of each expert is also taken into consideration in the process of aggregation. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the procedure. 展开更多
关键词 Consistency degree fuzzy individual opinions fuzzy numbers group consensus opinion group decision-making.
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A critical evaluation of subjective ratings: Unacquainted observers can reliably assess certain personality traits
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作者 Matthew B.PETELLE Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第2期162-169,共8页
Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more ... Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more efficient than codings. One potential limitation for the use of ratings is that it is assumed that long-term observers or experts in the field are required to score individuals. This can be problematic in many cases, especially for long-term ecological studies where there is high turnover in personnel. We tested whether raters who were unacquainted with subjects could produce reliable and valid personality assessments of yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris. Two raters, previously unacquainted with individuals and marmot be- havior, scored 130 subjects on fifteen different adjectives in both open-field (OF) and mirror image stimulation (MIS) trials. Eight OF and nine MIS adjectives were reliable as indicated by both a high degree of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Additionally, some ratings were externally valid, correlating with behavioral codings. Our data suggest that activity/exploration and sociability can be a reliable and valid measurement of personality traits in studies where raters were unacquainted with subjects. These traits are observable with the personality tests we used; otherwise researchers using unacquainted raters should be cautious in the tests they employ [Current Zoology 60 (2): 162-169, 2014]. 展开更多
关键词 Animal personality Behavior codings MARMOTS Subjective ratings
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