基于灰色关联的水平井提液效果评价方法——以渤海S油田为例

提液是注水开发油田有效的剩余油挖潜措施,但是目前关于提液效果评价的研究较少。以渤海S油田为例,综合考虑提液效果强度、维持时间、开发效果、经济效果及提液控水效果等方面建立了6个评价指标:增产幅度、无因次增产幅度、提液维持时间、单井提液累计增油量、单位提液累计增油量、提液前后含水率差值。根据S油田实际提液表现设置最优提液井,并确定各个指标值对应权重,选用灰色关联法计算出各样本井与最优提液井之间的灰色加权关联度,关联度越大,提液效果越好。利用本文评价方法,对S油田提液情况进行了综合评价,认为提液措施有效率为73.3%;将典型提液井的评价结果与实际动态数据对比,两者较为吻合,进一步验证了本文方法的准确性;进而提出了油田后续开发调整措施。本文评价方法对提液井的优选、油田后续调整措施的制定具有指导意义。

荆州背斜带入井液伤害评价及增产对策研究

江陵凹陷新沟嘴组陵76井块和沙32井块在滚动勘探开发及试采工作中发现,区块储层相对孔喉细小、储层敏感性强,在钻井、试油试采及开采过程中容易受到污染,从而导致求产成功率偏低,或者在求产过程中不能有效稳产。本次研究以陵76斜-2井和沙32井油气储层为研究对象,通过结合储层岩石学特征,开展了室内相关实验,并提出了针对性措施,为研究该区油气层增产开发提出了新的发展方向。

榆林气田气井缓蚀剂评价

文章针对榆林气田气井的腐蚀,主要是CO2腐蚀和溶解盐腐蚀,对缓蚀剂进行筛选与评价。

尿液α_1-MG及β_2-MG检测的临床意义

目的:对健康者及肾功能异常患者的尿液进行β2-MG(β2-微球蛋白)及α1-MG(α1-微球蛋白)分析,从而评价患者的肾小管功能及早期损伤。方法:采取γ射线检测仪,用放射免疫学的方法检测46例正常人及78例肾脏疾病患者尿液中的β2-MG,采用美国Beckman公司提供的尿液谱检测仪检测尿液中的α1-MG含量,同时,对检测结果进行分析。结果:肾小管损伤的患者尿中的β2-MG及α1-MG的含量明显高于正常对照组和阴性组(P<0.01),而且α1-MG比β2-MG的检测更有价值。结论:检测尿液中的β2-MG及α1-MG的含量评价肾小管功能具有重要的临床意义,是临床上诊断肾小管损伤的科学依据。

牛居油田开发后期改善开发效果研究

牛居油田属于高渗的复杂小断块,目前处于高含水、高采出程度的"双高"阶段,水淹严重,剩余油分布零散,纵向上层间矛盾突出,井网混乱,开发效果较差。针对上述状况,2008年以来开展精细地质研究,对区块沉积相、剩余油分布规律、地层压力水平等地质状况进行二次评价,结合国内外开发后期油田特高含水阶段提液的成功做法,在提液井位、油井类型、井网、生产压差等方面做了大量改进,开展剩余油分布规律评价、高含水井井间液量置换与平面液流转向、矢量化井网、采油工艺改进等四个技术攻关,实现区块增产,区块开发效果得到明显改善。

Experimental evaluation and modeling of liquid jet penetration to estimate droplet size in a three-phase riser reactor

In this work, the effects of injecting an evaporating liquid jet into solid-gas flow are experimentally investigated. A new model （SHED model） and a supplementary model （spray model） have also been proposed to investigate some flow-field characteristics in three-phase fluidized bed with the mean relative error 4.3% between model and measured results. Some experiments were conducted to study the influences of flow-field parameters such as liquid volumetric flow rate, injection velocity, jet angle and gas superficial velocity as well as solid mass flux on the jet penetration depth （JPD）. In addition, independent variables were experimentally employed to propose two empirical correlations for JPD by using multiple regression method and spray cone angle （SCA） by using dimensional analysis technique. The mean relative errors between the JPD and SCA correlations versus ex- perimental data were 7.5% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, in order to identify the variable effect, a parametric study was carried out. Applying the proposed model can avoid direct use of expensive devices to measureJPD and to nredict dronlet size.

A totally mini-invasive approach for colorectal laparoscopic surgery

AIM:To study the short-term outcome of patients treated with laparoscopic right colectomy and how intracorporeal anastomosis has improved the outcome.METHODS:We retrospectively examined all patients affected by colorectal cancer who underwent a laparoscopic right colectomy between January 2006 and December 2010 in our department.Our evaluation criteria were:diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma at presurgical biopsy,elective surgery,and the same surgeon.We excluded:emergency surgery,conversions from laparotomic colectomy,and other surgeons.The endpoints we examined were:surgical time,number of lymph nodes removed,length of stay(removal of nasogastric tube,bowel movements,gas evacuation,solid and liquid feeding,hospitalization),and major complications.Seventy-two patients were divided into two groups:intracorporeal anastomosis(39 patients)and extracorporeal anastomosis(33 patients).RESULTS:Significant differences were observed between intracorporeal vs extracorporeal anastomosis,respectively,for surgical times(186.8 min vs 184.1 min,P < 0.001),time to resumption of gas evacuation(3 d vs 3.5 d,P < 0.001),days until resumption of bowel movements(3.8 d vs 4.9 d,P < 0.001),days until resumption of liquid diet(3.5 d vs 4.5 d,P < 0.001),days until resuming a solid diet(4.6 d vs 5.7 d,P < 0.001),and total hospitalization duration(7.4 d vs 8.5 d,P < 0.001).In the intracorporeal group,on average,19 positive lymph nodes were removed;in the extracorporeal group,on average,14 were removed P < 0.001).Thus,intracorporeal anastomosis for right laparoscopic colectomy improved patient outcome by providing faster recovery of nutrition,faster recovery of intestinal function,and shorter hospitalization than extracorporeal anastomosis.CONCLUSION:Short-term outcomes favor intracorporeal anastomosis,confirming that a less traumatic surgical approach improves patient outcome.

The research of the evaluation system for the sealability of hydraulic supports and jacks＇ seals

In order to enhance the sealing quality and assemble efficiency of hydraulic supports, the evaluation system for the sealability of the hydraulic support and jack＇s seals was established through the testing and experimenting technology in respects, such as seals＇ dimensions, reasonable amounts of compression, sealability, life, resistance to pressure, etc. Through life detecting test of the seal, found the longest life seal ring under the same conditions, and through the reciprocating test of the hydraulic support, found the most appropriate amount of interference between the groove and the seal ring, thus, to decrease the leakage and extend the life span of the hydraulic support.

Liquid biopsies for liquid tumors: emerging potential of circulating free nucleic acid evaluation for the management of hematologic malignancies

Circulating free nucleic acids; cell free DNA and circulating micro-RNA, are found in the plasma of patients with hematologic and solid malignancies at levels higher than that of healthy individuals. In patients with hematologic malignancy cell free DNA reflects the underlying tumor mutational profile, whilst micro-RNAs reflect genetic interference mechanisms within a tumor and potentially the surrounding microenvironment and immune effector cells. These circulating nucleic acids offer a potentially simple, non-invasive, repeatable analysis that can aid in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions in cancer treatment.

Kangfuxin Fluid on the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Retention Enema： a Systematic Review

Objective： To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of Kangfuxin Fluid （KFX） in Ulcerative Colitis （UC） with retention enema. Methods： We searched The Cochanrane Library, Pubmed, EMbase, VIP, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data from inception to December.2017, and retrospectively incorporated into the literature reference. And a systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.3 software. Results： A total of 18 randomized controlled trials and 1417 patients were enrolled, among which 731 cases were in experimental group and 686 cases were in control group. The meta-analysis results revealed that the effectiveness of KFX on UC with retention enema was significantly superior to the controlled treatment （RR=1.22 95%CI： [1.16,1.27], Z=8.14, p〈0.00001）. And, the score of quality of life was significantly increased after KFX treatment （MD=11.12, 95% CI [7.00, 15.23], Z=5.30, p〈0.00001）. Conclusion： KFX on the treatment of UC with retention enema is potentially effective to improve patient＇s quality of life, and it is worth being popularized clinically. Depth researches and high quality randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of UC are necessary.

Assessment of hemodynamics in precancerous lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma:Evaluation with MR perfusion

AIM: To investigate the hemodynamic changes in a precancerous lesion model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Hemodynamic changes in 18 Wistar rats were studied with non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion. The changes induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) developed into liver nodular lesions due to hepatic cirrhosis during the progression of carcinogenesis. The MR perfusion data [positive enhancement integral (PEI)] were compared between the nodular lesions corresponding well with MR images and pathology and their surrounding hepatic parenchyma. RESULTS: A total of 46 nodules were located by MR imaging and autopsy, including 22 dysplastic nodules (DN), 9 regenerative nodules (RN), 10 early HCCs and 5 overt HCCs. Among the 22 DNs, 6 were low-grade DN (lGDN) and 16 were high-grade DN (HGDN). The average PEI of RN, DN, early and overt HCC was 205.67 ± 31.17, 161.94 ± 20.74, 226.09 ± 34.83, 491.86 ± 44.61 respectively, and their liver parenchyma nearby was 204.84 ± 70.19. Comparison of the blood perfusion index between each RN and its surrounding hepatic parenchyma showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.06). There were significant differences in DN (P = 0.02). During the late hepatic arterial phase, the perfusion curve in DN declined. DN had an iso-signal intensity at the early hepatic arterial phase and a low signal intensity at the portal venous phase. Of the 10early HCCs, 4 demonstrated less blood perfusion and 6 displayed minimally increased blood flow compared to the surrounding parenchyma. Five HCCs showed significantly increased blood supply compared to the surrounding parenchyma (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Non-invasive MR perfusion can detect changes in blood supply of precancerous lesions.

Evaluation of pitting corrosion of thixoformed A356 alloy using a simulation model

Pitting behavior of thixoformed A356 alloy, with different reheating temperatures, was evaluated. Linear sweep voltammetric tests were used to study the pitting behavior of thixoformed, rheocast and gravity-cast A356 alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution. A simulation method was also used in order to identify local galvanic corrosion current density between local galvanic couples. The results obtained show that the resistance to pitting corrosion of the thixoformed samples formed at 600 ℃ is higher than that of the samples formed at 610 ℃ as well as rheocast and gravity-cast samples. These results could be explained by morphological aspects of silicon phase as well as the area effect as related to galvanic corrosion between silicon particles and eutectic aluminum phase.

Intensity measures for seismic liquefaction hazard evaluation of sloping site

This work investigates the correlation between a large number of widely used ground motion intensity measures(IMs) and the corresponding liquefaction potential of a soil deposit during earthquake loading. In order to accomplish this purpose the seismic responses of 32 sloping liquefiable site models consisting of layered cohesionless soil were subjected to 139 earthquake ground motions. Two sets of ground motions, consisting of 80 ordinary records and 59 pulse-like near-fault records are used in the dynamic analyses. The liquefaction potential of the site is expressed in terms of the the mean pore pressure ratio, the maximum ground settlement, the maximum ground horizontal displacement and the maximum ground horizontal acceleration. For each individual accelerogram, the values of the aforementioned liquefaction potential measures are determined. Then, the correlation between the liquefaction potential measures and the IMs is evaluated. The results reveal that the velocity spectrum intensity(VSI) shows the strongest correlation with the liquefaction potential of sloping site. VSI is also proven to be a sufficient intensity measure with respect to earthquake magnitude and source-to-site distance, and has a good predictability, thus making it a prime candidate for the seismic liquefaction hazard evaluation.

Technical Evaluation of Eye Drops Instillation： A Systematic Review

Objective： Assess the profile of eye drops in patients with eye diseases. Methods： Studies available in the scientific literature were identified without any time limits using the databases Embase-Medline, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Knowledge. The selected studies were compared with the following inclusion criteria： （i） if the study evaluated the eye drop instillation, （ii） if the study involved participation of patients with eye diseases. Results： Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 83.33% evaluated the technique of eye drop instillation in patients with glaucoma, 8.33% in patients with eye diseases and 8.33% in patients with cataract after undergoing surgery to correct. 41.66% of studies have chosen to record a video of patients to analyze the technique of instilling eye drops and 41.66% did not describe the/esearch location. Regarding the type of study, 75% had the design as prospective cross-sectional, 8.33% prospective open label study, 8.33% intervention study and 8.33% study called masked trial. Although studies evaluate the technique of eye drop instillation, only 8.33% describe in the article the reference in the literature used to evaluate patients. 50% of articles acknowledged some sort of bias or limitation. Conclusion： The limitations inherent in these types of studies should guide future research.

Evaluation of the Effect of Citrus Lemon L. ＂Enter＂ on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lemon juice to lower blood pressure. Twenty nine patients were included. Blood pressure measurements were done before （basal） and 5th, 15th and at 30th minute after lemon juice or equal volume of water intake. When compared with the basal values, patients who were given lemon juice had lower systolic blood pressure at 5th, 15th and 30th min. Control patients who were given water had lower systolic blood pressure at 5th and 15th, and diastolic blood pressure at 15th min. When compared with the basal values, patients who were given lemon juice had lower heart rate at 15th and 30th and control patients who were given water had decreased heart rate at 5th, 15th and 30th min. Both lemon juice and water decreased systolic blood pressure within first 15th minutes possibly due to doctor and environmental silent effect. These results do not support lemon juice intake.

The Quality of High Pressure-Induced and Heat-Induced Hyuganatsu Marmalade

Hyuganatsu is a typical Japanese citrus with desirous smell and edible albedo. The objectives of this study are to establish a method for softening hyuganatsu peel without heating and a process for making a high pressure-induced （HP-） marmalade and to compare with heat-induced （H-） marmalade and citrus shaddock family marmalade. Firmness of peel was （greatest to least） pressurized at 500 MPa for 30 min, soaked in citric acid solution at pH 2.7 for 24 h, and boiled for 10 min, respectively. The cell walls of flavedo and albedo did not loosen after pressurization. However, after soaking or heating, the middle lamella of albedo separated. When flavedo was soaked at pH 2.7, 9.3% of pectin was extracted. The amount of naringin was the least in hyuganatsu 〈 pummelo 〈 grapefruit）, and juice sacs 〈 flavedo 〈 segment walls 〈 albedo, respectively. Thus, marmalade was processed. Albedo, segment walls and juice sacs of hyuganatsu were homogenized with citric acid solution （pH 2.7） and mixed with sliced flavedo. Then it was soaked for 24 h at pH 2.7. Sucrose was then added （final sugar 50%）, vacuum packed, then pressurized for 30 min at 500 MPa or boiled for 10 min, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory evaluation between HP- and H-marmalade. However, the color, transparency and total evaluation of HP-marmalade were better than H-marmalade. Consequently, total evaluation of hyuganatsu-HP-marmalade was rated highly. So, hyuganatsu was considered to be more suitable for marmalade because it was more palatable than the others.

Statistical evaluation and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process by Taguchi method

The neutral zinc sulfate solution obtained from hydrometallurgical process of Angouran zinc concentrate has cadmium, nickel and cobalt impurities, that must be purified before electrowinning. Therefore, cadmium and nickel are usually cemented out by addition of zinc dust and remained nickel and cobalt cemented out at second stage with zinc powder and arsenic trioxide. In this research, a new approach is described for determination of effective parameters and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process using statistical design of experiments. The Taguchi method based on orthogonal array design（OAD） has been used to arrange the experimental runs. The experimental conditions involved in the work are as follows： the temperature range of 70-90 ℃ for reaction temperature（T）, 30-90 min for reaction time（t）, 2-4 g/L for zinc powder mass concentration（M）, one to five series for zinc dust particle size distributions（S1-S5）, and 0.1-0.5 g/L（C） for arsenic trioxide mass concentration. Optimum conditions for hot purification obtained in this work are T4（85 ℃）, t4=75 min, M4=3.5 g/L, S4（Serie 4）, and C2=0.2 g/L.

Liquefaction Assessment in Golem Area, Albania, by Means of In-situ Tests

The liquefaction is a very significant phenomenon in clayey silty soils, silty sands and also sands. The high potential of liquefaction is generally recognized when these types of soils are laid under the hydrostatic water table. Low plasticity silts, silty sands and sands are found as recent alluvial deposits in the western coastal part of Albania, especially in the sandy beaches of Adriatic Sea near Durres City. The aim of this study is to evaluate the soil liquefaction potential in the area of Golem. Ten CPTUs （cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements） are carried out for the site investigation of soils. In this paper, results of the CPTU based liquefaction analysis are presented. The data of two CPTUs （10 in total） are analyzed and factor of safety was found by considering different levels of hazard and ground water. The results of liquefaction potential analysis show that the soils in the area of Golem have a high risk of liquefaction.

New method for plugging channeling in oil field by nitrogen foam

In order to present a new method for plugging channeling in oil field,the injection modes and validity period of foam system which plugged the formation water layer were studied by means of the experimental model which simulated the real conditions of oil wells existing channeling.Above all,the influence factors including reservoir pressure,permeability,oil saturation and gas-to-liquid ratio were studied through dynamic experiment.Then,in light of the technology characteristics of foam injection in oil field,the comparison between gas-liquid and liquid-gas injection modes was studied.The result shows that the gas-liquid injection mode can ensure the foam injectivity and plugging performance.The plugging validity of nitrogen foam injected into the formation water layer was evaluated in different plugging pressure gradients by the dynamic method which is more reasonable than the static evaluation method in laboratory.The research demonstrates that the plugging validity period of foam decreases with plugging pressure gradient increasing.If the plugging pressure gradient is 0.15 MPa/m,the validity period is 160 h.Finally,a empirical equation and a plate about the plugging validity and the plugging pressure gradient were obtained for forecasting the validity period of foam.

Post-marketing safety monitoring of Shenqifuzheng injection: a solution made of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis)and Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici)

OBJECTIVE:Toidentify the potential risk factors associated with Shenqifuzheng injection(SFI), a solution made of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis) and Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici), for the timely provision of information to regulatory authorities.METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of the production process, quality standards, pharmacology,post-marketing clinical studies, and safety evaluation using the primary literature of adverse reactions(ADR), case analyses, and systematic reviews,intensive hospital safety monitoring of post-marketing drugs, and data provided by the hospital in-formationsystem(HIS).RESULTS: Sub-acute toxicity tests suggesting that a dose of 15 mL/kg(concentrated solution) had specific biological effects, whereas a smaller dose engendered no observable effects. Long-term toxicity testing in domestic rabbits showed that after SFI was administered for 90 days, the animals in each dosing group showed no chronic toxic reactions. Among 20 100 cases observed, the incidence of an ADR was 1.85‰. From March to November 2013,of the leading institutions and 22 sub-centers involved in the post-marketing clinical safety intensive hospital monitoring, 21 units completed 8484 cases of monitoring, and reported 23 cases of adverse reactions. No damage to renal function was found using SFI ata dosageanda treatment course larger and longer than that recommended for the adjuvant treatment of tumors. This could reduce the mortality rate of admitted patients based on the analysis of the data provided by the HIS. A total of 16 clinical case reports of adverse reactions related to SFI in 1999-2012 were obtained through literature retrieval. These reports contained information concerning 17 cases, with adverse reaction symptoms including thrombocytopenia, rash,chills,feeling cold,palpitation,dyspnea,edemaofa lower extremity, palpebral edema, and superficial vein in flammation,among others.CONCLUSION: This study introduces "get full access" to the flow of information on medicines regarding their ADR incidence rate and characteristics and factors.It supports the safety of SFI for clinical, research, and production uses based on objec-tive, reliable, and scientific information to provide safe medication.