“双碳”目标下,各类可再生能源发电技术发展迅速,综合权衡不同可再生能源发电方案的综合效益对可再生能源的优化设计具有重要意义。综合考虑经济效益、环境效益、能源效益和社会效益4个层面,提出了一种基于模糊决策试验和评价实验(deci...“双碳”目标下,各类可再生能源发电技术发展迅速,综合权衡不同可再生能源发电方案的综合效益对可再生能源的优化设计具有重要意义。综合考虑经济效益、环境效益、能源效益和社会效益4个层面,提出了一种基于模糊决策试验和评价实验(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)与超效率数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型的可再生能源发电技术综合效益评估方法。该方法分为投入-产出指标体系构建和综合评估2个阶段。首先,利用三角直觉模糊数处理模糊评价信息,将其与DEMATEL相结合量化各指标之间相互影响关系,基于指标间逻辑分析结果建立投入-产出评估指标体系。然后,基于超效率DEA模型对各可再生能源发电方案进行评估排序,结合投入冗余和产出不足分析结果给出各方案的针对性改善建议,以期为进一步选择和确定可再生能源产业发展战略提供参考。最后以某省10类可再生能源发电单元为研究对象,基于所提研究方法进行综合评估和分析,并与多准则妥协解排序法和熵权法进行对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。展开更多
The study was undertaken to assess the inorganic fertilizer production and consumption, export and import trends in Nigeria, assess the effect of food legume technology on farmers＇output, income, household inventorie...The study was undertaken to assess the inorganic fertilizer production and consumption, export and import trends in Nigeria, assess the effect of food legume technology on farmers＇output, income, household inventories and inorganic fertilizer usage. Multi-stage sampling technique procedure was adopted in obtaining 300 respondents. Primary and secondary data were used. Simple descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation were used to analyse the data. Both the trend analysis result and test of mean differences showed a wide gap. The result revealed a significant increase in the yields of maize, millet, cocoyam, sweet potato, okro, tomato and overall aggregate crop yield of farmers after the adoption of the food legume technology （t = 2.78, 2.23, 3.70, 3.30, 2.20, 3.5 and 2.297; P 〈 0.05）, hence improves food security. Similarly, the result revealed significant positive change in terms of farmers＇ownership of house, increase in the number of rooms, improvement in water source, possession of radio, television/tape recorders and cell phone. Major constraints to production as revealed by the study include pests and diseases, low soil fertility, inadequate finance, storage problem and poor market for products. The study recommends adequate and regular supply of food legume production inputs to farmers and intensive control of pests and diseases.展开更多
Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cyc...Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.展开更多
This article reviews briefly the historical changes in educational psychology in the past 30 years that have made self-regulated learning (SRL) a contemporary popular topic in research and a focus in classroom practic...This article reviews briefly the historical changes in educational psychology in the past 30 years that have made self-regulated learning (SRL) a contemporary popular topic in research and a focus in classroom practices. It also describes how to practise SRL in student-centered English classrooms in three areas: strategic reading and writing, task engagement, and self-assessment. Encompassing various aspects of academic learning, SRL must appeal to language researchers and English teachers who seek to understand how students become adept and independent in their language acquisition and who seek to provide effective interventions in TEFL.展开更多
文摘“双碳”目标下,各类可再生能源发电技术发展迅速,综合权衡不同可再生能源发电方案的综合效益对可再生能源的优化设计具有重要意义。综合考虑经济效益、环境效益、能源效益和社会效益4个层面,提出了一种基于模糊决策试验和评价实验(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)与超效率数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型的可再生能源发电技术综合效益评估方法。该方法分为投入-产出指标体系构建和综合评估2个阶段。首先,利用三角直觉模糊数处理模糊评价信息,将其与DEMATEL相结合量化各指标之间相互影响关系,基于指标间逻辑分析结果建立投入-产出评估指标体系。然后,基于超效率DEA模型对各可再生能源发电方案进行评估排序,结合投入冗余和产出不足分析结果给出各方案的针对性改善建议,以期为进一步选择和确定可再生能源产业发展战略提供参考。最后以某省10类可再生能源发电单元为研究对象,基于所提研究方法进行综合评估和分析,并与多准则妥协解排序法和熵权法进行对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。
文摘The study was undertaken to assess the inorganic fertilizer production and consumption, export and import trends in Nigeria, assess the effect of food legume technology on farmers＇output, income, household inventories and inorganic fertilizer usage. Multi-stage sampling technique procedure was adopted in obtaining 300 respondents. Primary and secondary data were used. Simple descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation were used to analyse the data. Both the trend analysis result and test of mean differences showed a wide gap. The result revealed a significant increase in the yields of maize, millet, cocoyam, sweet potato, okro, tomato and overall aggregate crop yield of farmers after the adoption of the food legume technology （t = 2.78, 2.23, 3.70, 3.30, 2.20, 3.5 and 2.297; P 〈 0.05）, hence improves food security. Similarly, the result revealed significant positive change in terms of farmers＇ownership of house, increase in the number of rooms, improvement in water source, possession of radio, television/tape recorders and cell phone. Major constraints to production as revealed by the study include pests and diseases, low soil fertility, inadequate finance, storage problem and poor market for products. The study recommends adequate and regular supply of food legume production inputs to farmers and intensive control of pests and diseases.
文摘Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.
文摘This article reviews briefly the historical changes in educational psychology in the past 30 years that have made self-regulated learning (SRL) a contemporary popular topic in research and a focus in classroom practices. It also describes how to practise SRL in student-centered English classrooms in three areas: strategic reading and writing, task engagement, and self-assessment. Encompassing various aspects of academic learning, SRL must appeal to language researchers and English teachers who seek to understand how students become adept and independent in their language acquisition and who seek to provide effective interventions in TEFL.
