神经网络的坦克目标威胁评估

在未来高技术局部战争条件下,坦克不得不面临一个动态复杂的战场环境,这就要求坦克能根据战场环境实时地进行目标威胁评估及自主射击。以坦克的自主作战为背景,提出了一种基于神经网络的目标威胁评估方法。首先提出了包含来袭目标性质、指战员指令、保卫目标的重要度、我方武器性能值等一套威胁评估指标体系;然后采用神经网络方法进行威胁评估。神经网络方法的优势主要体现在:①考虑了诸因素的相互关联;②充分考虑了战术信息;③权系数对具体环境的适应性;④方法的通用性。实例结果表明,神经网络方法科学合理,为坦克目标威胁的评估提供了新思路。神经网络方法具有普遍意义,能推广应用于其它武器平台的目标威胁评估。

自适应前照明系统(AFS)眩目性评估

自适应前照明系统(AFS)是一种通过光型改变来改善道路交通的可视状况的智能灯具,其作为当今世界最先进的汽车照明系统,能够有效地降低驾驶者在夜晚行车的疲劳程度,从而明显提升夜晚弯路上行车的安全性。所以现在国内很多汽车厂商开始在高档车上研制AFS,以提高夜间驾驶的安全性和舒适性。为更好地了解AFS的性能,以高速路段驾驶状态为基准,比较了普通远光的普遍发光强度和AFS近光的普遍发光强度,对他们进行眩目性能分析,并得出AFS眩目性的研究结论。

中医施护症状评估类目构建

目的:对中医施护症状评估类目进行构建分析,总结中医施护症状评估类目的意义及特色,从而完善医院中医施护症状评估类目的构建。方法:随机选取2019年7月—2021年7月在医院消化内科接受过治疗的112例胃癌患者作为研究对象,对其进行回访调查。采用项目组组建、文献研究、症状评估项目指标筛选、临床实证调查等方法进行调查。其中,症状评估项目指标筛选采用专家咨询的方法。临床实证调查主要是采用自行设计的问卷,通过邮件形式进行发放。问卷内容主要包括研究对象的基本信息、中医施护症状评估类目的情况等。结果:总共发放150份调查问卷,收回问卷112份,有效问卷112份,有效收回率为74.67%。专家调查问卷总共需要发放两轮,每一轮发放的问卷都是30份,其中第一轮全部收回30份问卷,收回有效率100%;第二轮收回28份问卷,收回有效率为93.33%。可见,专家积极系数较高。专家权威系数的指标判断系数(Ca)与其熟悉程度系数(Cs)的算术平均值等于专家权威系数(Cr),即Cr=(Ca+Cs)/2。专家判断系数、熟悉程度系数、专家权威系数分别是0.906、0.783、0.845。一般情况下,Cr>0.70是可接受程度高。所以,专家权威系数较高。症状评估条目总共有七种:脾胃虚弱证、胃热伤阴证、气滞血瘀证、痰湿凝结证、肝胃不和证、脾胃虚寒证、气血亏虚证。结论:中医施护症状评估类目以及相应评价方面具有良好的信度和效度,评估效果较好。

两种分布的经济效果指标的概率描述与分析

本文运用概率工具讨论了投资项目评估中经济效果指标服从高斯分布和贝塔分布时的概率描述与分析方法。

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis:A Case Study of Northwest Region,China

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction,especially humans' unreasonable activities,the ecological and economic system(EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers.Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health,a multi-objective evaluation framework called PressureState-Response(PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations.Meanwhile,an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis(SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system.Then the EES status of five northwest provinces(Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009.The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained.In general,the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend.The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000.After 2000,the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend,but the growth is relatively smooth.The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.

GIS-based Effect Assessment of Soil Erosion Before and After Gully Land Consolidation: A Case Study of Wangjiagou Project Region, Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau is one typical area of serious soil erosion in the world. China has implemented ′Grain for Green′(GFG) project to restore the eco-environment of the Loess Plateau since 1999. With the GFG project subsidy approaching the end, it is concerned that farmers of fewer subsidies may reclaim land again. Thus, ′Gully Land Consolidation Project′(GLCP) was initiated in 2010. The core of the GLCP was to create more land suitable for farming in gullies so as to reduce land reclamation on the slopes which are ecological vulnerable areas. This paper aims to assess the effect of the GLCP on soil erosion problems by studying Wangjiagou project region located in the central part of Anzi valley in the middle of the Loess Plateau, mainly using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) based on GIS. The findings show that the GLCP can help to reduce soil shipment by 9.87% and it creates more terraces and river-nearby land suitable for farming which account for 27.41% of the whole study area. Thus, it is feasible to implement the GLCP in places below gradient 15°, though the GLCP also intensifies soil erosion in certain places such as field ridge, village land, floodplain, natural grassland, and shrub land. In short, the GLCP develops new generation dam land and balances the short-term and long-term interests to ease the conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. Furthermore, the GLCP and the GFG could also be combined preferably. On the one hand, the GFG improves the ecological environment, which could offer certain safety to the GLCP, on the other hand, the GLCP creates more farmland favorable for farming in gullies instead of land reclamation on the slopes, which could indirectly protect the GFG project.

Selecting Suitable Heat Source in Refinery for Multi-effect Distillation Based on Grey System Theory

For dealing with high-salinity wastewater in the refinery, the high cost of driving heat source is the disadvantage of multi-effect distillation (MED) so it is of great importance to evaluate the performance of low-temperature heat source for conducting MED and select the optimal temperature for it. Both the MED and the low-temperature heat sources studied in this paper were from a typical refinery located in northwestern China. Besides, a new methodology to evaluate heat sources as the optimal candidate was proposed for MED based on the grey system theory. Five process units, which included 18 fluids of the refinery, were named as the evaluation projects. Three factors, which included safety effects, total costs and characteristics of low-temperature heat sources were determined as the evaluation indexes, the values of which were established through the analyses. The results obtained through the grey correlation analyses have revealed that the grey correlation degrees of these units were 0.661(AVDU), 0.732 (#1 FCCU), 0.618 (#2 FCCU), 0.535 (#1 DCU), and 0.572 (#2 DCU), respectively. Thus, the optimal heat source was provided from #1 FCCU. Through further analyses of the fluids from #1 FCCU, the grey correlation degrees of the fluids were 0.597 (oil and gas at top of tower), 0.714 (recycle oil and gas), and 0.512 (diesel), respectively. Thus, the optimal heat source was the oil and gas recycle stream.

Cooperative task allocation for heterogeneous multi-UAV using multi-objective optimization algorithm

The application of multiple UAVs in complicated tasks has been widely explored in recent years.Due to the advantages of flexibility,cheapness and consistence,the performance of heterogeneous multi-UAVs with proper cooperative task allocation is superior to over the single UAV.Accordingly,several constraints should be satisfied to realize the efficient cooperation,such as special time-window,variant equipment,specified execution sequence.Hence,a proper task allocation in UAVs is the crucial point for the final success.The task allocation problem of the heterogeneous UAVs can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem coupled with the UAV dynamics.To this end,a multi-layer encoding strategy and a constraint scheduling method are designed to handle the critical logical and physical constraints.In addition,four optimization objectives:completion time,target reward,UAV damage,and total range,are introduced to evaluate various allocation plans.Subsequently,to efficiently solve the multi-objective optimization problem,an improved multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(IMOQPSO)algorithm is proposed.During this algorithm,a modified solution evaluation method is designed to guide algorithmic evolution;both the convergence and distribution of particles are considered comprehensively;and boundary solutions which may produce some special allocation plans are preserved.Moreover,adaptive parameter control and mixed update mechanism are also introduced in this algorithm.Finally,both the proposed model and algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.

A new algorithm for estimating gillnet selectivity

The estimation of gear selectivity is a critical issue in fishery stock assessment and management.Several methods have been developed for estimating gillnet selectivity,but they all have their limitations,such as inappropriate objective function in data fitting,lack of unique estimates due to the difficulty in finding global minima in minimization,biased estimates due to outliers,and estimations of selectivity being influenced by the predetermined selectivity functions.In this study,we develop a new algorithm that can overcome the above-mentioned problems in estimating the gillnet selectivity.The proposed algorithms include minimizing the sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points and minimizing the weighted sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points in the presence of outliers.According to the estimated gillnet selectivity curve,the selectivity function can also be determined.This study suggests that the proposed algorithm is not sensitive to outliers in selectivity data and improves on the previous methods in estimating gillnet selectivity and relative population density of fish when a gillnet is used as a sampling tool.We suggest the proposed approach be used in estimating gillnet selectivity.

Research on the agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation problems and countermeasures

The agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation refers to the evaluation and assessment of the expected target original and effectiveness after the completion of a project, discuss how to according to different projects to form a reasonable evaluation system for agricultural comprehensive development project, make a reasonable assessment, which can not only ensure the project quality, but also to achieve the project plans to further improve and perfect, make agricultural development operation became more efficient, so it has the practical significance. This paper describes the construction of the performance evaluation system of agricultural comprehensive development project problems, and puts forward some countermeasures for construction of agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation system.

WATERiD＇s Novel Methodology for Condition Assessment Cost Data Collection and Visualization

A profound understanding of the costs to perform condition assessment on buried drinking water pipeline infrastructure is required for enhanced asset management. Toward this end, an automated and uniform method of collecting cost data can provide water utilities a means for viewing, understanding, interpreting and visualizing complex geographically referenced cost information to reveal data relationships, patterns and trends. However, there has been no standard data model that allows automated data collection and interoperability across platforms. The primary objective of this research is to develop a standard cost data model for drinking water pipeline condition assessment projects and to conflate disparate datasets from differing utilities. The capabilities of this model will be further demonstrated through performing trend analyses. Field mapping files will be generated from the standard data model and demonstrated in an interactive web map created using Google Maps API （application programming interface） for JavaScript that allows the user to toggle project examples and to perform regional comparisons. The aggregation of standardized data and further use in mapping applications will help in providing timely access to condition assessment cost information and resources that will lead to enhanced asset management and resource allocation for drinking water utilities.

Assessment Study on Construction Quality Project of China Local Undergraduate Specialty

This paper focuses on the assessment of college Specialty Construction Project quality. On the basis of conducting researches and analysises of Specialty Construction Practice, the anther selected projects indicators of construction content with high frequency as evaluation index constituent connotation, referring to professional evaluation index system of provincial brand, and defended the issue that there will be no characteristic projects of specialty evaluate; formed the basic architecture of local colleges specialty evaluation index system, clearing grading assessment model, making debate analysis on its value orientation; and confirmed that the Ministry of Education is the main project, the university is the main building, and the provincial education administrative departments or the third party certification is the assessment mainbody, in this way to constitute the innovation management mode of Specialty Construction.

Evaluation of rope shovel operators in surface coal mining using a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making model

Rope shovels are used to dig and load materials in surface mines. One of the main factors that influence the production rate and energy consumption of rope shovels is the performance of the operator. This paper presents a method for evaluating rope shovel operators using the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making （MADM） model. Data used in this research were collected from an operating surface coal mine in the southern United States. The MADM model consists of attributes, their weights of importance, and alter- natives. Shovel operators are considered the alternatives, The energy consumption model was developed with multiple regression analysis, and its variables were included in the MADM model as attributes. Preferences with respect to min/max of the defined attributes were obtained with multi-objective opti- mization. Multi-objective optimization was conducted with the overall goal of minimizing energy con- sumption and maximizing production rate. Weights of importance of the attributes were determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP）, The overall evaluation of operators was performed by one of the MADM models, i.e., PROMETHEE If. The research results presented here may be used by mining professionals to held evaluate the performance of rode shovel operators in surface mining.

Long-Term Environmental Accounting on Civil Infrastructures in Developing Countries

This paper proposes the environmental burden and benefit assessment method, which contributes to the evaluation of public works, by considering a quantitative environmental impact. The method developed is applied for the Bangkok subway construction project, so that the environmental impact following the Bangkok subway construction work is evaluated on the basis of environmental accounting. As a result, it was possible to quantify the burden and benefits to the environment in the life cycle of the Bangkok subway. In addition by converting the burden and benefits of the Bangkok subway construction project into monetary terms and introducing the Economic Internal Rate of Return （EIRR）, it was possible to evaluate the subway construction project from an economic point of view.

Power and Architecture in Portuguese Fascism： Political and Artistic Control and Resistance

This paper analyses the system of artistic and ideological conditioning that architects were subject to during the Portuguese fascism, the so-called ＂New State＂, the longest western European dictatorship of the previous century, that lasted from 1933 to 1974, under the uninterrupted leadership of Ant6nio de Oliveira Salazar until 1968. After a concise exposition of the importance of a major public work campaign to the regime affirmation as well as the aesthetic discourse promoted in its architecture, the standard course of a building project evaluation will be described. Crossing varied legislation and taking into consideration the results of a thorough examination to more than one hundred processes of architectural plans approval, the interaction of the various decision-making bodies will illustrate the existence of an efficient apparatus which progressively depurate designs. Prevention and repression of artistic deviation will be demonstrated. Furthermore, the development and importance of self-censorship will be highlighted. Secondly, a characterization of the atmosphere of ideological surveillance and dissident＇s oppression will be provided. Architects＇ participation in opposition＇s initiatives and strategies will be portrayed. As a conclusion, New State practice of a negotiation and inclusion （both artistic and ideological） tactic in the architectural field will be underlined.

A model of techno-economic evaluation for eco-industrial park project

An eco-industrial park or estate is a community of manufactaring and service businesses located together on a common property. The goat of ElP is to create a win-win harmonious development aspect of ecooomic development and environmental protection. This paper emphasizes that the external .effect of an EIP is its main characteristic of technoeconomic evaluation for eco-industrial park project. From the view of the property, rights, the EIP＇s product is typicalty public-private. The government should take some inca.rares for the quantitative analysis on ecological positive externalities of the enterprises in EIP, and also should adopt Coase＇s Theorem, which supports that the market transaction is the best way to deal with positive externalities （external economics or diseconoraics）, or Pigou＇s Theorem, which holds that the government anti-positive externalities programs are the best way to cope with positive externalities, to internalize the EIP＇s external effects, which is also a fundamental tool to encourage investors to actively invest in EIP projects, Furthermore. this paper thinks that the EIP ＇s income should be equal to the income of staple products of the private property, and that of its by-products of the public property. According to this principle, this paper has put forward three major indicators, net present value （NPV）, internal rate of renan （IRR）, and investment repayment period （IRP）, which are also extensively used indicators in ardinary project techno-economic evaluation model to evaluate EIP technoeconomic effects. Theoretically, the indicatory not only can be used in EIP project evaluation, but also can provide a quantitative measure toot for the government to support EIP＇s construction to the maximum. In the end. a case is analyzed.

A Proposed Benchmark to Evaluate Investment in Maritime Hub Ports

This paper concerns in studying the evaluation of investment in sea hub ports, in terms of investment＇s real cost, types of investments, their aims, the direct and indirect effects of these investments, and the various methods used to assess the expected returns from such projects, in order to propose a criterion for investment in sea hub ports. Through divining methodological framework into three sections： the first one covers the topic of investment in general, its types, purposes, and its determinants; While the second section covers the different definitions of ports and types of investment projects in them, their nature, purposes and effects; Section three concentrates on the appropriateness of the methods used to evaluate sea port project, concluding a benchmark formula to be used in evaluating maritime hub port investment projects.

A Methodology for Bridge Condition Evaluation

Due to the substantial role of bridges in transportation networks and in accordance with the limited funding for bridge management, remediation strategies have to be prioritised. A conservative bridge assessment will result in unnecessary actions, such as costly bridge strengthening or repairs. On the other hand, any bridge maintenance negligence and delayed actions may lead to heavy future costs or degraded assets. The accuracy of decisions developed by any manager or bridge engineer relies on the accuracy of the bridge condition assessment which emanates from visual inspection. Many bridge rating systems are based on a very subjective procedure and are associated with uncertainty and personal bias. The developing condition rating method described herein is an important step in adding more holism and objectivity to the current approaches. Structural importance and material vulnerability are the two main factors that should be considered in the evaluation of element structural index and the causal factor as the representative of age, environment, road class and inspection is implemented as a coefficient to the OSCI （overall structural condition index）. The AHP （analytical hierarchy process） has been applied to evaluate the priority vector of the causal parameters.

Economic Viability of Production of Tree Parica （Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex. Ducke） of Reforestation Project in the Municipality Paragominas-PA, Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the profitability of production Parica reforestation in the municipality of Paragominas-PA. The study was conducted in the municipality of Paragominas Messoregiao located in the northeast of Para. The basic data used in the economic evaluation of production of planting parica （costs and revenues） were derived from primary source through raising production cost of parica with farmers from the municipality, analyzing the period of production horizon of seven years. The discount rate chosen for economic evaluation was 10% per year. NPV （net present value） calculation IRR （internal rate of return）, BCR （benefit-cost ratio） and EP （break-even point）. To check the economic feasibility of producing parica the following criteria were used for economic analysis. The results for NPV, IRR and BC ratio were respectively of $495,970, 28.83% and 2.43. For EP （break-even point） the value of 41.08% was found, which demonstrates the minimum amount of production, so that revenue equals costs. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the reforestation model with parica proposed in this paper presents economically viable for deployment.

Landscape Network Approach to Assess Ecological Impacts of Road Projects on Biological Conservation

Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.