This paper evaluates the performances of the models that incorporate forecasting inflow for cascaded hydropower reservoirs operation. These models are constructed separately on the concepts of explicit stochastic opti...This paper evaluates the performances of the models that incorporate forecasting inflow for cascaded hydropower reservoirs operation. These models are constructed separately on the concepts of explicit stochastic optimization （ESO） and implicit sto- chastic optimization （ISO） as well as parametefization-simulation-optimization （PSO）. Firstly, the aggregation-disaggregation method is implemented in ESO models to reduce the complexity of stochastic dynamic programming （SDP）. And the aggre- gate flow SDP （AF-SDP） and aggregation-disaggregation SDP （AD-SDP） are constructed respectively. Secondly, in ISO mod- el, decision tree is the well-known and widespread algorithm. The algorithm C 5.0 is selected to extract the if-then-else rules for reservoir operation. Thirdly, based on the PSO model, the hedging rule curves （HRCs） are pre-defined by fusing the storage and inflow as state variable. The parameters of the HRCs are determined by using the simulation-optimization model. Finally, China＇s Hun River cascade hydropower reservoirs system is taken as an example to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the models. In addition, the values of quantitative precipitation forecasts of the global forecast system （10 days lead-time） are implemented to forecast the 10 days inflow.展开更多
Objective: To explore the clinical regularities in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cancer pain by reviewing the re leva nt studies published betwee n 1985 and 2017. Methods: Based on the Chinese Medicine Acupunct...Objective: To explore the clinical regularities in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cancer pain by reviewing the re leva nt studies published betwee n 1985 and 2017. Methods: Based on the Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, quantitative analysis, correlation an alysis and Chi-square test were applied to an a lyze the comm only used acupoi nts, meridia n affiliatio ns and body regi on distributi ons, comm only used methods and acupoi nt correlati ons, treatme nt method correlati ons, the efficacy of acupuncture- moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder for can cer pain, and in dicators. Results: Zusanli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) ranked the top on the list of frequency;points from Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming were often used;points from the lower limbs and back had high frequencies. The most commonly used treatment method was acupuncture-moxibustion plus medication. Acupuncture-moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder showed certai n adva ntage compared with the two methods used separately, and among the integrated methods, acupoint application plus the three-step analgesic ladder produced the most significant efficacy. It took (44.77±55.54) min for the analgesic effect to act and the effect lasted for (12.81±14.59) h. Numerical rati ng scale (NRS), visual an alog scale (VAS) and Kar nofsky performa nee status (KPS) scores all showed sign ifica nt changes after interventions (all P<0.01);there was no significant change in the score of quality of life (QOL) after interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Zusa nli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyin jiao (SP 6) are comm only selected in acup un cture-moxibusti on treatment of cancer pain;acupuncture and acupoint application are often used;acupuncture-moxibustion plus the three-step an algesic ladder can boost the treatme nt efficacy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51379027,51109025)National Basic Research Program of China("973" project)(Grant No.2013CB036401)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT13JS06)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20100041120004)the Hun River Cas-cade Hydropower Reservoirs Development Company,Ltd
文摘This paper evaluates the performances of the models that incorporate forecasting inflow for cascaded hydropower reservoirs operation. These models are constructed separately on the concepts of explicit stochastic optimization （ESO） and implicit sto- chastic optimization （ISO） as well as parametefization-simulation-optimization （PSO）. Firstly, the aggregation-disaggregation method is implemented in ESO models to reduce the complexity of stochastic dynamic programming （SDP）. And the aggre- gate flow SDP （AF-SDP） and aggregation-disaggregation SDP （AD-SDP） are constructed respectively. Secondly, in ISO mod- el, decision tree is the well-known and widespread algorithm. The algorithm C 5.0 is selected to extract the if-then-else rules for reservoir operation. Thirdly, based on the PSO model, the hedging rule curves （HRCs） are pre-defined by fusing the storage and inflow as state variable. The parameters of the HRCs are determined by using the simulation-optimization model. Finally, China＇s Hun River cascade hydropower reservoirs system is taken as an example to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the models. In addition, the values of quantitative precipitation forecasts of the global forecast system （10 days lead-time） are implemented to forecast the 10 days inflow.
文摘Objective: To explore the clinical regularities in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cancer pain by reviewing the re leva nt studies published betwee n 1985 and 2017. Methods: Based on the Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, quantitative analysis, correlation an alysis and Chi-square test were applied to an a lyze the comm only used acupoi nts, meridia n affiliatio ns and body regi on distributi ons, comm only used methods and acupoi nt correlati ons, treatme nt method correlati ons, the efficacy of acupuncture- moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder for can cer pain, and in dicators. Results: Zusanli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) ranked the top on the list of frequency;points from Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming were often used;points from the lower limbs and back had high frequencies. The most commonly used treatment method was acupuncture-moxibustion plus medication. Acupuncture-moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder showed certai n adva ntage compared with the two methods used separately, and among the integrated methods, acupoint application plus the three-step analgesic ladder produced the most significant efficacy. It took (44.77±55.54) min for the analgesic effect to act and the effect lasted for (12.81±14.59) h. Numerical rati ng scale (NRS), visual an alog scale (VAS) and Kar nofsky performa nee status (KPS) scores all showed sign ifica nt changes after interventions (all P<0.01);there was no significant change in the score of quality of life (QOL) after interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Zusa nli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyin jiao (SP 6) are comm only selected in acup un cture-moxibusti on treatment of cancer pain;acupuncture and acupoint application are often used;acupuncture-moxibustion plus the three-step an algesic ladder can boost the treatme nt efficacy.
