基于目标评测模型的城市水环境治理成效评估

评估城市水环境治理策略成效,对优化城市排水工程布局至关重要。为探索城市水环境治理成效评估的方法,选择湖南省岳阳市东风湖排水片区,针对不同的排水特征构建城市排水目标评测模型,并评价了9种水环境治理策略,即排口强化、源头治理、雨污分流、调蓄池、污水厂提标以及4种综合策略的成效。结果显示:研究构建的目标评测模型既能较好地重现东风湖排水片区的现状,也能大致评估水环境治理策略的成效,COD浓度平均相对误差为0.034。对于单一治理措施,新建调蓄池能降低23%的溢流量,源头治理在消减污染物浓度和溢流量峰值中起到重要作用;相比于单一治理措施,综合治理措施能更好地实现水环境质量的提升,其中策略9能实现东风湖长时间维持Ⅳ类地表水的水平。

Decision-Making Method for Problem of Goal Type Based on Evaluation Criterion

The presently existing decision making method for problem of goal type, i.e. the goal programming, is popular to some extent. In this paper we analyzed the features of the problem and the method,based on which we found some defects of the method and pointed out these defects. To overcome these defects we absorbed the spirit and exploited concepts of evaluation criterion and the fault measure of evaluation criterion. We proposed and applied a method with an evaluation criterion, after which we also p...

Multi Objective Decision Making Method Based on Evaluation Criterion for Problems with Linear Value Function

A class of interactive multi objective decision making method by means of evaluation criterion is proposed for problems with linear value function,in which case,the decision maker(DM) usually has only unwhole information of weights for objectives. The concept of fault measure of the evaluation criterion is proposed to measure the deviation of the evaluation criterion from the DMs preference structure.The approach to obtain an upper boundary of fault measure of an evaluation criterion,and the approach to modify the evaluation criterion to be one with smaller fault measure,and the approach to obtain a pre optimized objective set by evaluation criterion with certain fault measure are also proposed.

美国K-12中文教学中评测的基本特点与方法

美国K-12中文教学中的评测实质上是一种以课堂为基础的评测。无论是评测的目的、原则,还是采用的方式和手段均不同于一般的标准化测试,集中表现在目标的明确性、类型的多样性、标准的开放性以及动态化的评测过程等方面。K-12中文教学中评测所采用的原则与方法,不仅体现了美国外语评测的整体趋势,同时对于国内汉语教学的评测也具有一定的启发意义。