本文以“烟叶评级技术”为研究中心,分析梳理国内外学术界在烟叶评级技术方面的研究现状及成果,全面介绍烟叶评级技术的含义、应用价值、发展现状及未来趋势。本文首先介绍了烟叶评级的发展历程,指出烟叶评级技术已经突破了传统,从最初...本文以“烟叶评级技术”为研究中心,分析梳理国内外学术界在烟叶评级技术方面的研究现状及成果,全面介绍烟叶评级技术的含义、应用价值、发展现状及未来趋势。本文首先介绍了烟叶评级的发展历程,指出烟叶评级技术已经突破了传统,从最初的感官评级演变成更智能化的现代仪器分析;其次,阐述了烟叶评级的标准、方法及一些重要的评价指标;最后,对烟叶评级技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望,论述了烟叶评级技术未来在智能化、数字化、生态化等方面的发展趋势及应用形态,旨在为烟叶评级技术的创新应用提供一些参考跟借鉴。With “Tobacco rating technology” as the research center, this paper analyzes the research status and achievements of domestic and foreign academic circles in tobacco grading technology, and comprehensively introduces the meaning, application value, development status and future trend of tobacco rating technology. This paper first introduces the tobacco leaf grading development, points out that tobacco leaf rating technology has broken through the tradition, from the initial sensory rating to more modern intelligent instrument analysis;Secondly, the evaluation criteria, methodologies, and key indicators of tobacco leaf rating were expounded. Finally, the future development trend of tobacco leaf grading technology was prospected, and the future trends and applications of tobacco leaf rating technology in intelligent, digital and ecological aspects were discussed, aiming at providing some references for the innovative use of tobacco leaf grading technology.展开更多
Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for...Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for biogas upgrading, i.e., pressured water scrubbing(PWS), monoethanolamine aqueous scrubbing(MAS) and ionic liquid scrubbing(ILS), are studied and assessed in terms of their energy consumption and environmental impacts with the process simulation and green degree method. A non-random-two-liquid and Henry's law property method for a CO2 separation system with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) is established and verified with experimental data. The assessment results indicate that the specific energy consumption of ILS and PWS is almost the same and much less than that of MAS. High purity CO2 product can be obtained by MAS and ILS methods, whereas no pure CO2 is recovered with the PWS. For the environmental aspect, ILS has the highest green degree production value, while MAS and PWS produce serious environmental impacts.展开更多
Evaluation is the major activity of performing Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) of a simulation system. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reasonable and operable evaluation methods. Moreover, ther...Evaluation is the major activity of performing Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) of a simulation system. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reasonable and operable evaluation methods. Moreover, there are other problems to address in VV&A evaluation, such as index definition, conclusion analysis, etc. In this paper, a VV&A evaluation system is introduced to try to resolve these problems. The system is based on a method called hierarchical evaluation, and it uses a good combination of evaluation processes and indexes. First, a thorough analysis of the VV&A evaluation’s essentials and principles are given, then the uncertainty of the evaluation results caused by various analysis of the evaluators is pointed out, then a hierarchical evaluation mechanism based on evaluator weight and evaluation hierarchy is brought forward, and finally a comprehensive VV&A evaluation system with evaluation flow processing, index management and hierarchical evaluation fulfillment is established. The system gives good consideration to ease of operation, reasonableness of evaluation conclusion, and the ability to comprehensively resolve VV&A problems. Since VV&A is attracting more and more recognition, it is meaningful to provide a good system for implementing credible simulation systems. It is hoped that this VV&A evaluation will provide a good way.展开更多
文摘本文以“烟叶评级技术”为研究中心,分析梳理国内外学术界在烟叶评级技术方面的研究现状及成果,全面介绍烟叶评级技术的含义、应用价值、发展现状及未来趋势。本文首先介绍了烟叶评级的发展历程,指出烟叶评级技术已经突破了传统,从最初的感官评级演变成更智能化的现代仪器分析;其次,阐述了烟叶评级的标准、方法及一些重要的评价指标;最后,对烟叶评级技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望,论述了烟叶评级技术未来在智能化、数字化、生态化等方面的发展趋势及应用形态,旨在为烟叶评级技术的创新应用提供一些参考跟借鉴。With “Tobacco rating technology” as the research center, this paper analyzes the research status and achievements of domestic and foreign academic circles in tobacco grading technology, and comprehensively introduces the meaning, application value, development status and future trend of tobacco rating technology. This paper first introduces the tobacco leaf grading development, points out that tobacco leaf rating technology has broken through the tradition, from the initial sensory rating to more modern intelligent instrument analysis;Secondly, the evaluation criteria, methodologies, and key indicators of tobacco leaf rating were expounded. Finally, the future development trend of tobacco leaf grading technology was prospected, and the future trends and applications of tobacco leaf rating technology in intelligent, digital and ecological aspects were discussed, aiming at providing some references for the innovative use of tobacco leaf grading technology.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB733506,2014CB744306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21036007,51274183)
文摘Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for biogas upgrading, i.e., pressured water scrubbing(PWS), monoethanolamine aqueous scrubbing(MAS) and ionic liquid scrubbing(ILS), are studied and assessed in terms of their energy consumption and environmental impacts with the process simulation and green degree method. A non-random-two-liquid and Henry's law property method for a CO2 separation system with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) is established and verified with experimental data. The assessment results indicate that the specific energy consumption of ILS and PWS is almost the same and much less than that of MAS. High purity CO2 product can be obtained by MAS and ILS methods, whereas no pure CO2 is recovered with the PWS. For the environmental aspect, ILS has the highest green degree production value, while MAS and PWS produce serious environmental impacts.
文摘Evaluation is the major activity of performing Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) of a simulation system. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reasonable and operable evaluation methods. Moreover, there are other problems to address in VV&A evaluation, such as index definition, conclusion analysis, etc. In this paper, a VV&A evaluation system is introduced to try to resolve these problems. The system is based on a method called hierarchical evaluation, and it uses a good combination of evaluation processes and indexes. First, a thorough analysis of the VV&A evaluation’s essentials and principles are given, then the uncertainty of the evaluation results caused by various analysis of the evaluators is pointed out, then a hierarchical evaluation mechanism based on evaluator weight and evaluation hierarchy is brought forward, and finally a comprehensive VV&A evaluation system with evaluation flow processing, index management and hierarchical evaluation fulfillment is established. The system gives good consideration to ease of operation, reasonableness of evaluation conclusion, and the ability to comprehensively resolve VV&A problems. Since VV&A is attracting more and more recognition, it is meaningful to provide a good system for implementing credible simulation systems. It is hoped that this VV&A evaluation will provide a good way.
