大力发展企业诊断业是实现“三年扭亏”的重要措施

企业诊断是企业管理的良医,是扭亏为盈的有效途径,各级经济战线的领导应充分认识大力发展企业诊断业的必要性。建立企业诊断机构是发展企业诊断业的先决条件,实行企业经营顾问制度是进行企业诊断的基础,采取科学的诊断方法是搞好企业诊断的关键。

中国呼唤“企业诊断业”

中国呼唤“企业诊断业”□熊勇立周汪丽目前，我国相当一部分企业内部管理混乱，生产经营步履维艰，经济效益低下甚至亏损。为此，广东、上海等经济发达地区的经济界人士强烈呼吁：中国需要大力发展“企业诊断业”，为患“病”企业“诊脉开方”，使其踏上快速、健康发展的...

Independent component analysis approach for fault diagnosis of condenser system in thermal power plant

A statistical signal processing technique was proposed and verified as independent component analysis(ICA) for fault detection and diagnosis of industrial systems without exact and detailed model.Actually,the aim is to utilize system as a black box.The system studied is condenser system of one of MAPNA's power plants.At first,principal component analysis(PCA) approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the real acquired data set and to identify the essential and useful ones.Then,the fault sources were diagnosed by ICA technique.The results show that ICA approach is valid and effective for faults detection and diagnosis even in noisy states,and it can distinguish main factors of abnormality among many diverse parts of a power plant's condenser system.This selectivity problem is left unsolved in many plants,because the main factors often become unnoticed by fault expansion through other parts of the plants.

OBSERVATION OF THE EFFICACY OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION IN 62 CASES OF CHRONIC COLITIS

62 patients with chronic colitis were randomly divided into two groups. Acupuncture and moxibustion at acupoints such as Tianshu (St 25), Guanyuan (Ren 4) were applied in the treatment group, and western drugs were applied in the control group. The results showed that acupuncture and moxibustion had a marked curative effective with few side effects, and therefore was readily acceptable to the patients.

Delivering bad news to patients——the necessary evil

Delivering bad news regarding patient's health is an unavoidable task for physicians and medical students in their careers.This is especially difficult for beginners.Disclosing undesired medical information to patients is technically and mentally demanding.Only with proper communication skills and sufficient patient-contact practice can medical practitioners smoothly cope with this stressful mission.There are a number of common mistakes we fall into when delivering bad news,which might induce or exacerbate patients' anxiety.Sometimes we are prone to disclose medical information in a "straight-to-the-point" manner.This is often a futile attempt made on the physician's part to ease his or her own uncomfortableness when delivering bad news,but unfortunately it does no good to facilitate patients' acceptance of the actual condition.Instead of using medical jargons,physicians are obliged to use "layman's terms" that make better sense to their patients.Declaring a clinical diagnosis without corresponding explanation on the prognosis and the discussion of treatment can also bring much confusion and anxiety to patients.Another even worse situation might be that we finish the "lecture" in our own words without confirming the patient's comprehension and addressing their questions.Professionals have recommended a six-step protocol on delivering bad news to patients:"SPIKES":S-Setting up the interview;P-assessing the patient's Perception;I-obtaining the patient's Invitation;K-giving Knowledge and information to the patient;E-addressing the patient's Emotions with Empathic responses;S-Strategy and Summary.

Multi Agent Systems for Fault States Diagnostics and Equipment and Process Management of Yogurt Ripening Tank

It is impossible to plan in advance unpredictable phenomena at monitoring, diagnosis and control of industrial batch and continuous equipment and processes such as chemical composition of the raw materials, the process leads to unexpected reactions and changes its parameters, etc. The agent is active, a program entity, has its own ideas how to perform the tasks of the own agenda. Agents perceive, behave ＂reasonably＂, communicate with other agents. Agents can represent equipment and operations in batch processes as recommended by the ISA $88. Jadex system is based on Java language and on FIPA org. recommendations. The description of ripening tank T406 and recipe for yogurt production in the holding of MADETA Corp. in the Czech Rep. It is described modeling and displaying of＂normal＂ and error, fault unit state of the ripening tank. Agents are within the Jadex system and describing the behavior of ripening tank T406 with state diagrams-automata and assist in diagnosing of fault states. States are described in XML language-SCXML （State Charts XML）. Jadex Control Center-JCC represents a major access point to use for operating in real time.

Signed Directed Graph and Qualitative Trend Analysis Based Fault Diagnosis in Chemical Industry

In the past 30 years,signed directed graph(SDG) ,one of the qualitative simulation technologies,has been widely applied for chemical fault diagnosis.However,SDG based fault diagnosis,as any other qualitative method,has poor diagnostic resolution.In this paper,a new method that combines SDG with qualitative trend analysis(QTA) is presented to improve the resolution.In the method,a bidirectional inference algorithm based on assumption and verification is used to find all the possible fault causes and their corresponding consistent paths in the SDG model.Then an improved QTA algorithm is used to extract and analyze the trends of nodes on the consis-tent paths found in the previous step.New consistency rules based on qualitative trends are used to find the real causes from the candidate causes.The resolution can be improved.This method combines the completeness feature of SDG with the good diagnostic resolution feature of QTA.The implementation of SDG-QTA based fault diagno-sis is done using the integrated SDG modeling,inference and post-processing software platform.Its application is illustrated on an atmospheric distillation tower unit of a simulation platform.The result shows its good applicability and efficiency.

Deviation Diagnosis and Analysis of Hull Flat Block Assembly Based on a State Space Model

Dimensional control is one of the most important challenges in the shipbuilding industry. In order to predict assembly dimensional variation in hull flat block construction, a variation stream model based on state space was presented in this paper which can be further applied to accuracy control in shipbuilding. Part accumulative error, locating error, and welding deformation were taken into consideration in this model, and variation propagation mechanisms and the accumulative rule in the assembly process were analyzed. Then, a model was developed to describe the variation propagation throughout the assembly process. Finally, an example of fiat block construction from an actual shipyard was given. The result shows that this method is effective and useful.

Motor vehicle accidents: How should cirrhotic patients be managed?

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are serious social issues worldwide and driver illness is an important cause of MVAs. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a com- plex cognitive dysfunction with attention deficit, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients independent of severity of liver disease. Although MHE is known as a risk factor for MVAs, the impact of diagnosis and treatment of MHE on MVA-related societal costs is largely unknown. Recently, Bajaj et al demonstrated valuable findings that the diagnosis of MHE by rapid screening using the inhibitory control test (ICT), and subsequent treatment with lactulose could substantially reduce the societal costs by preventing MVAs. Besides the ICT and lactulose, there are various diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for MHE. In this commentary, we discussed a current issue of diagnostic tools for MHE, including neuropsychological tests. We also discussed the advantages of the other therapeutic strategies for MHE, such as intake of a regular breakfast and coffee, and supplementation with zinc and branched chain amino acids, on the MVA-related societal costs.

Agro-pedological Assessment of the Traditional Yuanyang Rice Terraces of Yunnan Province, China

As a contribution to a long-term evaluation of the sustainability of agro-ecosystems in the Yuanyang rice terraces, this paper reviews the bio-physical environment of the terraced landscape in a small catchment around Qingkou village and assesses soil fertility in the village crop growing area. A soil- landscape organization pattern was developed using a geomorphopedological approach. Anthropogenic, climatic and topographic factors were identified as the main soil forming factors. Soil capability and associated edaphic constraints were assessed and the main soil types were identified and classified using FAO protocols. Spatial patterns of soil fertility appear quite homogeneous. Soils are acid and cation exchange capacity and nutrient reserves are generally low. The agro-ecosystem has largely been developed by the Hani population. This agro-ecosystem has succeeded in maintaining a relatively dynamic nutrient circulation system. Current research is focusing on： （i） the evaluation of the representativeness of the studied area compared to the whole terraced system in the Yuanyang terraced landscape; （ii） measurements of nutrients flows at the field scale; （iii） the effects of soil properties on crop yields; and （iv） up-scaling field levels results to larger spatial units.

Superficial Color Patches as a Visual Diagnostic Criterion for Agricultural Management

Soil management matters in semiarid lands are key to have acceptable yields and to preserve diversity. After the major agricultural intensification underwent in the semiarid lands of Monegros, NE Spain, custom tailored tools are needed to reconcile agriculture with habitats conservation. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of soil properties of two distinctly colored soils, white patches （WP） and dark patches （DP）, dominant in the arid landscape of the central Ebro Basin, Spain on winter cereal grain yield and to prove that superficial soil color could be used as a visual diagnostic criterion for evaluation of agricultural practices in arid lands. Significant differences between WP and DP soils were found in gypsum, carbonate contents, available water holding capacity and infiltration rate. The grain yield ranged from 51 to 5 713 kg ha-1. Significantly lower yields （P 〈 0.01） and precipitation-use efficiency （P 〈 0.05） were attained in the WP soils for the three seasons studied. This difference increased with the average rainfall due to the significantly lower soil water infiltration （P 〈 0.01） and water holding capacity （P 〈 0.05） found in the gypseous soils. Our results show that mapping the soil surface color at farm scale can be a low=cost tool for optimizing agricultural practices and recovering the natural vegetation. This approach can be advantageous in similar arid or semiarid environments around the world.